WBC – NZ Banking Group Disclosure Statement -30 Sept 2017
Westpac Banking
Corporation –
New Zealand
Banking Group
For the year ended 30 September 2017
Disclosure Statement
Contents
General information ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Directors’ and the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch’s statement ........................................................................................................................... 8
Income statement .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Statement of comprehensive income ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Balance sheet.................................................................................................................................................................................................................10
Statement of changes in equity .....................................................................................................................................................................................11
Statement of cash flows ................................................................................................................................................................................................12
Notes to the financial statements ..................................................................................................................................................................................13
Note 1 Financial statement preparation ..................................................................................................................................................................13
Note 2 Net interest income ......................................................................................................................................................................................17
Note 3 Non-interest income .....................................................................................................................................................................................17
Note 4 Operating expenses .....................................................................................................................................................................................18
Note 5 Auditor’s remuneration .................................................................................................................................................................................19
Note 6 Impairment (benefits)/charges .....................................................................................................................................................................19
Note 7 Income tax expense .....................................................................................................................................................................................20
Note 8 Imputation credit account .............................................................................................................................................................................20
Note 9 Receivables due from other financial institutions .......................................................................................................................................20
Note 10 Other assets ...............................................................................................................................................................................................20
Note 11 Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value .............................................................................................................21
Note 12 Available-for-sale securities .......................................................................................................................................................................21
Note 13 Loans ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................21
Note 14 Asset quality................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Note 15 Deferred tax assets ....................................................................................................................................................................................23
Note 16 Intangible assets .........................................................................................................................................................................................23
Note 17 Financial assets pledged as collateral ......................................................................................................................................................24
Note 18 Payables due to other financial institutions ...............................................................................................................................................25
Note 19 Other liabilities ............................................................................................................................................................................................25
Note 20 Deposits and other borrowings .................................................................................................................................................................25
Note 21 Other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement ............................................................................................................25
Note 22 Debt issues .................................................................................................................................................................................................26
Note 23 Provisions ...................................................................................................................................................................................................26
Note 24 Loan capital ................................................................................................................................................................................................26
Note 25 Related entities ...........................................................................................................................................................................................28
Note 26 Derivative financial instruments ................................................................................................................................................................30
Note 27 Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities ..............................................................................................................................33
Note 28 Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities ....................................................................................................................................37
Note 29 Operating lease commitments ..................................................................................................................................................................38
Note 30 Credit related commitments, contingent assets and contingent liabilities ..............................................................................................38
Note 31 Segment reporting ......................................................................................................................................................................................39
Note 32 Securitisation, covered bonds and other transferred assets ...................................................................................................................40
Note 33 Structured entities ......................................................................................................................................................................................41
Note 34 Insurance business ....................................................................................................................................................................................43
Note 35 Capital adequacy........................................................................................................................................................................................44
Note 36 Risk management ......................................................................................................................................................................................45
Note 37 Concentration of funding ............................................................................................................................................................................60
Note 38 Concentration of credit exposures ............................................................................................................................................................61
Note 39 Other information on the Overseas Banking Group ................................................................................................................................62
Note 40 Notes to the statement of cash flows ........................................................................................................................................................63
Note 41 Subsequent events .....................................................................................................................................................................................63
Independent auditor’s report .........................................................................................................................................................................................64
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 1
General information
Certain information contained in this Disclosure Statement is required by the Registered Bank Disclosure Statements (Overseas Incorporated
Registered Banks) Order 2014 (‘Order’).
In this Disclosure Statement, reference is made to five main reporting groups:
Westpac Banking Corporation (otherwise referred to as the ‘Overseas Bank’) – refers to the worldwide business of Westpac Banking
Corporation excluding its controlled entities;
Westpac Banking Corporation Group (otherwise referred to as the ‘Overseas Banking Group’) – refers to the total worldwide business of
Westpac Banking Corporation including its controlled entities;
Westpac Banking Corporation New Zealand Branch (otherwise referred to as the ‘NZ Branch’) – refers to the New Zealand Branch of
Westpac Banking Corporation (trading as Westpac);
Westpac New Zealand Limited (otherwise referred to as ‘Westpac New Zealand’) – refers to a locally incorporated subsidiary of the
Overseas Bank (carrying on the Overseas Bank’s New Zealand consumer, business and institutional banking operations); and
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group (otherwise referred to as the ‘NZ Banking Group’) – refers to the
New Zealand operations of Westpac Banking Corporation Group including those entities whose business is required to be reported in the
financial statements of the Overseas Banking Group’s New Zealand business. Controlled entities of the NZ Banking Group as at
30 September 2017 are set out in Note 25 Related entities.
Words and phrases not defined in this Disclosure Statement, but defined by the Order, have the meaning given by the Order when used in
this Disclosure Statement.
Corporate information
The Overseas Bank is entered on the register maintained under the Reserve Bank Act 1989 (‘Reserve Bank Act’). The NZ Branch’s head office
is situated at Westpac on Takutai Square, 16 Takutai Square, Auckland 1010, New Zealand and the address for service of process on the
NZ Branch is Westpac on Takutai Square, 53 Galway Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
Overseas Bank
The Overseas Bank was founded in 1817 and was incorporated in 1850 pursuant to the Bank of New South Wales Act 1850. In 1982 the
Overseas Bank acquired The Commercial Bank of Australia Limited and the Overseas Bank changed its name to Westpac Banking Corporation.
On 23 August 2002, the Overseas Bank registered as a public company limited by shares under the Australian Corporations Act 2001 and as of
that date the Bank of New South Wales Act 1850 ceased to apply. The Overseas Bank provides a broad range of banking and financial services,
including consumer, business and institutional banking and wealth management services.
The Overseas Bank’s principal office and address for service of process is Level 20 Westpac Place, 275 Kent Street, Sydney, New South Wales
2000, Australia.
Limits on material financial support by the ultimate parent bank
In late 2014, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (‘APRA’) initiated a process to reduce Australian bank non-equity exposures to
their respective New Zealand banking subsidiaries and branches, so that these non-equity exposures are minimised during ordinary times. On
19 November 2015, APRA informed the Overseas Bank that its Extended Licensed Entity (‘ELE’) non-equity exposures to New Zealand
banking subsidiaries is to transition to be below a limit of 5% of the Overseas Bank’s Level 1 Tier 1 capital.
The ELE consists of the Overseas Bank and its subsidiary entities that have been approved by APRA to be included in the ELE for the
purposes of measuring capital adequacy.
APRA has allowed a period of five years commencing on 1 January 2016 to transition to be less than the 5% limit. Exposures for the purposes
of this limit include all committed, non-intraday, non-equity exposures including derivatives and off-balance sheet exposures. Further, APRA
imposed two conditions over the transition period – the percentage excess above the 5% limit as at 30 June 2015, is to reduce by at least one
fifth by the end of each calendar year over the transition period, and the absolute amount of routine New Zealand non-equity exposure is not
to increase from the 30 June 2015 level until the Overseas Bank is, and expects to remain, below the 5% limit. For the purposes of assessing
this exposure, the 5% limit excludes equity investments and holdings of capital instruments in New Zealand banking subsidiaries.
While the limit and associated conditions do not apply to the ELE’s non-equity exposures to the NZ Branch (which is within the ELE), the limit
and associated conditions do apply to the NZ Branch’s non-equity exposures to the rest of the NZ Banking Group other than Westpac New
Zealand Group Limited. As at 30 September 2017, the ELE’s non-equity exposures to New Zealand banking subsidiaries affected by the limit
was below 5% of Level 1 Tier 1 capital of the Overseas Bank.
APRA has also confirmed the terms on which the Overseas Bank ‘may provide contingent funding support to a New Zealand banking
subsidiary during times of financial stress’. APRA has confirmed that, at this time, only covered bonds meet its criteria for contingent funding
arrangements.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 2
General information (continued)
Registered bank: Directorate
Directors
The Directors of the Overseas Bank (‘Board’) at the time this Disclosure Statement was signed were:
Name: Lindsay Philip Maxsted, DipBus (Gordon), FCA, FAICD
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: Yes
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Chairman of Transurban Holdings
Limited, Transurban Infrastructure Management Limited and
Transurban International Limited. Managing Director of Align
Capital Pty Ltd. Director of BHP Billiton Limited, BHP Billiton plc,
Align Investments Pty Ltd, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute,
Belmont Pty Ltd, Centip Pty Ltd, Continuum Investments Pty Ltd,
Jacobite Investments Pty Ltd and 139 Pty Ltd. Member of the
Coolmore Australia Advisory Board.
Name: Brian Charles Hartzer, BA, CFA
Non-executive: No
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer,
Westpac Banking Corporation
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: No
Independent Director: No
External Directorships: Director of Australian Bankers’
Association Incorporated and The Financial Markets Foundation
for Children, Chairman of The Australian National University
Business and Industry Advisory Board.
Name: Nerida Frances Caesar, BCom, MBA, GAICD
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: No
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Director of Genome.One Pty Ltd, TNCJ
Pty Limited and C A J Caesar Pty Ltd. Member of the Australian
Government’s FinTech Advisory Group.
Name: Ewen Graham Wolseley Crouch AM, BEc (Hons.), LLB, FAICD
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: No
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Director of BlueScope Steel Limited,
Sydney Symphony Orchestra Holdings Pty Limited, Sydney
Symphony Limited, Jawun, NCNC Funds Limited, Wersley
Investments Pty Limited and Wersley Pty Limited. Member of the
Law Committee of the Australian Institute of Company Directors,
the Corporations Committee of the Law Council of Australia and
the Commonwealth Remuneration Tribunal.
Name: Catriona Alison Deans, BA, MBA, GAICD
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: No
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Director of Cochlear Limited, kikki.K
Holdings Pty Ltd, Chessholme Pty Ltd, SCEGGS Darlinghurst
Limited, The SCEGGS Endowment Fund Limited, The SCEGGS
Overseas Aid Fund Limited and Ascog Pty Ltd. Investment
Committee member of the CSIRO Innovation Fund (Main
Sequence Ventures) and Senior Advisor to McKinsey & Company.
Name: Craig William Dunn, BCom, FCA
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: No
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Chairman of Stone and Chalk Limited,
The Australian Ballet, the Australian Government’s Fintech
Advisory Group and the International Standards Technical
Committee on Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies
(ISO/TC 307). Director of Telstra Corporation Limited, Amiala Pty
Ltd, Carringbush Consulting Services Pty Ltd, Financial Literacy
Australia Limited and the Australian Government’s Financial
Literacy Board. Board Member of Jobs for New South Wales.
Member of the Australian Securities and Investments
Commission’s External Advisory Panel and the New South Wales
Government’s Quantum Computing Fund Advisory Panel.
Consultant to King & Wood Mallesons.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 3
General information (continued)
Changes to Directorate
Elizabeth Blomfield Bryan ceased to be a director on 9 December 2016. Nerida Frances Caesar was appointed to the Board effective 1
September 2017. There have been no other changes in the composition of the Overseas Bank’s Board since 30 September 2016.
Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch
Name: Karen Lee Ann Silk, B.Com
Country of Residence: New Zealand
Primary Occupation: Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch
Secondary Occupations: General Manager, Commercial Corporate and Institutional, Westpac New Zealand
External Directorships: Director of Waianiwa Pastoral Limited, Payments NZ Limited (alternate Director), Sustainable Business Council
Responsible person
All the current Directors named above have authorised in writing David Alexander McLean, Chief Executive, Westpac New Zealand to sign this
Disclosure Statement on the Directors’ behalf in accordance with section 82 of the Reserve Bank Act.
Name: David Alexander McLean, LLB (Hons.)
Country of Residence: New Zealand
Primary Occupation: Chief Executive, Westpac New Zealand
Secondary Occupations: None
Address for communications
All communications may be sent to the Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch and the Responsible Person at the head office of the
NZ Branch at Westpac on Takutai Square, 16 Takutai Square, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
Conflicts of interest policy
The Board follows a procedure to ensure that conflicts and potential conflicts of interest between the Directors’ duty to the Overseas Bank and
their personal, professional or business interests are avoided or dealt with. Accordingly, each Director must:
(i) give notice to the Board of any direct or indirect interest in any contract, proposed contract or other matter with the Overseas Bank as
soon as practicable after the relevant facts have come to that Director’s knowledge. Alternatively, a Director may give to the Board a
general notice to the effect that the Director is to be regarded as interested in any present or prospective contract or other matter between
the Overseas Bank and a person or persons specified in that notice; and
(ii) in relation to any matter that is to be considered at a Directors’ meeting in which that Director has a material personal interest, not vote on
the matter nor be present while the matter is being considered at the meeting (unless the remaining Directors have previously resolved to
the contrary).
Name: Robert George Elstone, BA (Hons.), MA (Econ.), MCom
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: Yes
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Director of R & S Elstone Pty Ltd,
Elstone Investments Pty Limited and R Elstone Pty Limited. Board
Member of the University of Western Australia Business School.
Adjunct Professor of the University of Western Australia Business
School and University of Sydney School of Business.
Name: Peter John Oswin Hawkins, BCA (Hons.), SF Fin, FAIM, ACA
(NZ), FAICD
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: Yes
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Director of Mirvac Funds Limited, Mirvac
Limited, Liberty Financial Pty Ltd, Crestone Holdings Limited,
Liberty Fiduciary Ltd, Joshawk Investments Pty Ltd, Lynter
Investments Pty Ltd, LFI Group Pty Ltd, Minerva Financial Group
Pty Limited and Petlyn Holdings Pty Ltd.
Name: Peter Ralph Marriott, BEc (Hons.), FCA
Non-executive: Yes
Country of Residence: Australia
Primary Occupation: Director
Secondary Occupations: None
Board Audit Committee Member: Yes, Chairman
Independent Director: Yes
External Directorships: Director of ASX Limited, ASX Settlement
Corporation Limited, Austraclear Limited, ASX Clear (Futures) Pty
Limited, ASX Clear Pty Limited, ASX Clearing
Corporation Limited,
ASX Settlement Pty Limited, P. & E. Marriott Investments Pty Ltd,
P. & E. Marriott Holdings Pty Ltd and P. & E. Marriott Pty Ltd.
Member of the Review Panel & Policy Council of the Banking &
Finance Oath.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 4
General information (continued)
Interested transactions
There have been no transactions entered into by any Director, the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch, or any immediate relative or close business
associate of any Director or the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch, with the Overseas Bank, or any member of the NZ Banking Group:
(a) on terms other than on those that would, in the ordinary course of business of the Overseas Bank or any member of the NZ Banking
Group, be given to any other person of like circumstances and means; or
(b) which could be reasonably likely to influence materially the exercise of the Directors’, or the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch’s duties.
Auditor
PricewaterhouseCoopers
PricewaterhouseCoopers Tower
188 Quay Street
Auckland
New Zealand
Credit ratings
The Overseas Bank has the following credit ratings with respect to its long-term senior unsecured obligations, including obligations payable in
New Zealand in New Zealand dollars as at the date this Disclosure Statement was signed:
Rating Agency
Current Credit Rating Rating Outlook
Fitch Ratings AA- Stable
Moody’s Investors Service (‘Moody’s’)
Aa3 Stable
S&P Global Ratings (‘S&P’)
AA- Negative
On 19 June 2017, Moody’s downgraded the Overseas Bank’s credit rating to Aa3. The downgrade followed Moody’s revision of the Australian
Macro Profile to “Strong +” from “Very Strong -”. At the same time, Moody’s revised the outlook to ‘stable’ from ‘negative’.
Descriptions of credit rating scales
1
Fitch Ratings Moody’s S&P
The following grades display investment grade characteristics:
Capacity to meet financial commitments is extremely strong. This is the highest
issuer credit rating.
AAA Aaa AAA
Very strong capacity to meet financial commitments.
AA Aa AA
Strong capacity to meet financial commitments although somewhat susceptible to
adverse changes in economic, business or financial conditions.
A A A
Adequate capacity to meet financial commitments, but adverse business or
economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BBB Baa BBB
The following grades have predominantly speculative characteristics:
Significant ongoing uncertainties exist which could affect the capacity to meet
financial commitments on a timely basis.
BB Ba BB
Greater vulnerability and therefore greater likelihood of default. B B B
Likelihood of default now considered a real possibility. Capacity to meet financial
commitments is dependent on favourable business, economic and financial
conditions.
CCC Caa CCC
Highest risk of default. CC to C Ca CC
Obligations currently in default. RD to D C SD to D
1
This is a general description of the rating categories based on information published by Fitch Ratings, Moody’s and S&P.
Credit ratings by Fitch Ratings and S&P may be modified by a plus (higher end) or minus (lower end) sign to show relative standing within the
major categories. Moody’s apply numeric modifiers 1 (higher end), 2 or 3 (lower end) to ratings from Aa to Caa to show relative standing within the
major categories.
The Overseas Bank’s current position is at the lower end of the credit rating scale indicated in bold.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 5
General information (continued)
Disclosure statements of the NZ Banking Group and the financial statements of the Overseas Bank and the Overseas
Banking Group
Disclosure Statements of the NZ Banking Group for the last five years are available, free of charge, at the internet address www.westpac.co.nz. A
printed copy will also be made available, free of charge, upon request and will be dispatched by the end of the second working day after the day
on which the request is made.
The most recently published financial statements of the Overseas Bank and the Overseas Banking Group are for the year ended 30 September
2017 and can be accessed at the internet address www.westpac.com.au.
Historical summary of financial statements
Year Ended
Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended
$ millions30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16 30-Sep-15 30-Sep-14 30-Sep-13
Income statement
Interest income
3,981
4,172 4,451 4,037 3,801
Interest expense
(2,193)
(2,398) (2,670) (2,447) (2,223)
Net interest income1,788
1,774 1,781 1,590 1,578
Non-interest income
625
588 590 678 586
Net operating income before operating expenses and impairment2,413
2,362 2,371 2,268 2,164
Operating expenses
(1,006)
(953) (943) (868) (877)
Impairment benefits/(charges)
76
(73) (47) (26) (105)
Profit before income tax1,483
1,336 1,381 1,374 1,182
Income tax expense
(424)
(373) (375) (355) (327)
Net profit for the year1,059
963 1,006 1,019 855
Net profit for the year attributable to:
Head office account and owners of the NZ Banking Group
1,059
963 1,003 1,016 852
Non-controlling interests
-
- 3 3 3
1,059
963 1,006 1,019 855
Dividends paid on ordinary share capital(316)
(111) (159) (251) (327)
Dividends paid on convertible debentures (net of tax)-
- - - (66)
Balance sheet
Total assets
95,666
93,358 88,861 81,678 77,554
Total individually impaired assets
173
222 282 346 573
Total liabilities
87,835
86,321 82,668 76,179 72,757
Total head office account
2,040
1,913 1,824 1,750 1,639
Total equity
7,831
7,037 6,193 5,499 4,797
NZ Banking Group
The amounts for the years ended 30 September have been extracted from the audited financial statements of the NZ Banking Group.
Guarantee arrangements
No material obligations of the Overseas Bank that relate to the NZ Branch are guaranteed as at the date this Disclosure Statement was signed.
Ranking of local creditors in liquidation
There are material legislative restrictions in Australia (being the Overseas Bank’s country of incorporation) which subordinate the claims of certain
classes of unsecured creditors of the NZ Branch on the assets of the Overseas Bank (including a claim made or proved in an insolvent winding-up
or liquidation of the Overseas Bank) to those of other classes of unsecured creditors of the Overseas Bank.
The legislation described below is relevant to limitations on possible claims made by unsecured creditors of the NZ Branch (together with all other
senior unsecured creditors of the Overseas Bank) and New Zealand depositors on the assets of the Overseas Bank (including a claim made or
proved in an insolvent winding-up or liquidation of the Overseas Bank) relative to those of certain other classes of unsecured creditors of the
Overseas Bank.
Section 13A(3) of the Banking Act 1959 of Australia (‘Australian Banking Act’) provides that if an authorised deposit-taking institution (‘ADI’)
becomes unable to meet its obligations or suspends payment, the assets of the ADI in Australia are to be available to satisfy the liabilities of the
ADI in the following order:
first, certain obligations of the ADI to APRA (if any) arising under Division 2AA of Part II of the Australian Banking Act in respect of
amounts payable by APRA to holders of ‘protected accounts’ (as defined in the Australian Banking Act) as part of the Financial Claims
Scheme (‘FCS’) for the Australian government guarantee of ‘protected accounts’ (including most deposits) up to A$250,000 in the
winding-up of the ADI;
second, APRA’s costs (if any) in exercising its powers and performing its functions relating to the ADI in connection with the FCS;
third, the ADI’s liabilities (if any) in Australia in relation to ‘protected accounts’ that account-holders keep with the ADI;
fourth, the ADI’s debts (if any) to the Reserve Bank of Australia;
fifth, the ADI’s liabilities (if any) under an emergency financial ‘industry support contract’ that is certified by APRA in accordance with the
Australian Banking Act; and
sixth, the ADI’s other liabilities (if any) in the order of their priority apart from the above.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 6
General information (continued)
Section 13A(3) of the Australian Banking Act affects all unsecured liabilities of the NZ Branch, which, as at 30 September 2017, amounted to
$11,494 million (30 September 2016: $11,339 million).
Section 13A(4) of the Australian Banking Act also provides that it is an offence for an ADI not to hold assets (other than goodwill and any assets or
other amount excluded by the prudential standards) in Australia of a value that is equal to or greater than the total amount of its deposit liabilities in
Australia, unless APRA has authorised the ADI to hold assets of a lesser value. During the year ended 30 September 2017, the Overseas Bank
has at all times held assets (other than goodwill) in Australia of not less than the value of the Overseas Bank’s total deposit liabilities in Australia.
Under section 16 of the Australian Banking Act, on the winding-up of an ADI, APRA’s cost of being in control of an ADI’s business, or having an
administrator in control of an ADI’s business, is a debt due to APRA. Debts due to APRA shall have, subject to section 13A(3) of the Australian
Banking Act, priority over all other unsecured debts of that ADI.
The requirements of the above provisions have the potential to impact on the management of the liquidity of the NZ Banking Group.
Other material matters
Certain matters relating to the business or affairs of the Overseas Bank and the NZ Banking Group have been disclosed on the New Zealand
and/or Australian stock exchanges.
There are no other matters relating to the business or affairs of the Overseas Bank and the NZ Banking Group which are not contained elsewhere
in the Disclosure Statement and which would, if disclosed, materially affect the decision of a person to subscribe for debt securities of which the
Overseas Bank or any member of the NZ Banking Group is the issuer.
Conditions of registration
The registration of Westpac Banking Corporation (the ‘registered bank’) in New Zealand is subject to the following conditions, which applied from
1 October 2016:
1. That the Banking Group does not conduct any non-financial activities that in aggregate are material relative to its total activities.
In this condition of registration, the meaning of ‘material’ is based on generally accepted accounting practice.
2. That the Banking Group's insurance business is not greater than 1% of its total consolidated assets.
For the purposes of this condition of registration, the Banking Group’s insurance business is the sum of the following amounts for entities
in the Banking Group:
(a) if the business of an entity predominantly consists of insurance business and the entity is not a subsidiary of another entity in the
Banking Group whose business predominantly consists of insurance business, the amount of the insurance business to sum is the
total consolidated assets of the group headed by the entity; and
(b) if the entity conducts insurance business and its business does not predominantly consist of insurance business and the entity is not a
subsidiary of another entity in the Banking Group whose business predominantly consists of insurance business, the amount of the
insurance business to sum is the total liabilities relating to the entity’s insurance business plus the equity retained by the entity to meet
the solvency or financial soundness needs of its insurance business.
In determining the total amount of the Banking Group’s insurance business:
(a) all amounts must relate to on balance sheet items only, and must comply with generally accepted accounting practice; and
(b) if products or assets of which an insurance business is comprised also contain a non-insurance component, the whole of such
products or assets must be considered part of the insurance business.
For the purposes of this condition of registration:
‘insurance business’ means the undertaking or assumption of liability as an insurer under a contract of insurance;
‘insurer’ and ‘contract of insurance’ have the same meaning as provided in sections 6 and 7 of the Insurance (Prudential Supervision) Act
2010.
3. That the business of the registered bank in New Zealand does not constitute a predominant proportion of the total business of the
registered bank.
4. That no appointment to the position of the New Zealand Chief Executive Officer of the registered bank shall be made unless:
(a) the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (‘Reserve Bank’) has been supplied with a copy of the curriculum vitae of the proposed appointee;
and
(b) the Reserve Bank has advised that it has no objection to that appointment.
5. That Westpac Banking Corporation complies with the requirements imposed on it by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority.
6. That Westpac Banking Corporation complies with the following minimum capital adequacy requirements, as administered by the
Australian Prudential Regulation Authority:
(a) Common Equity Tier 1 capital of Westpac Banking Corporation is not less than 4.5% of risk-weighted exposures;
(b) Tier 1 capital of Westpac Banking Corporation is not less than 6% of risk-weighted exposures; and
(c) Total capital of Westpac Banking Corporation is not less than 8% of risk-weighted exposures.
7. That liabilities of the registered bank in New Zealand, net of amounts due to related parties (including amounts due to a subsidiary or
affiliate of the registered bank), do not exceed $15 billion.
8. That the retail deposits of the registered bank in New Zealand do not exceed $200 million. For the purposes of this condition retail
deposits are defined as deposits by natural persons, excluding deposits with an outstanding balance which exceeds $250,000.
9. That, for a loan-to-valuation measurement period, the total of the business of the registered bank in New Zealand’s qualifying new
mortgage lending amount in respect of property-investment residential mortgage loans with a loan-to-valuation ratio of more than 60%,
must not exceed 5% of the total of the qualifying new mortgage lending amount in respect of property-investment residential mortgage
loans arising in the loan-to-valuation measurement period.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 7
General information (continued)
10. That, for a loan-to-valuation measurement period, the total of the business of the registered bank in New Zealand’s qualifying new
mortgage lending amount in respect of non property-investment residential mortgage loans with a loan-to-valuation ratio of more than
80%, must not exceed 10% of the total of the qualifying new mortgage lending amount in respect of non property-investment residential
mortgage loans arising in the loan-to-valuation measurement period.
11. That the business of the registered bank in New Zealand must not make a residential mortgage loan unless the terms and conditions of
the loan contract or the terms and conditions for an associated mortgage require that a borrower obtain the registered bank’s agreement
before the borrower can grant to another person a charge over the residential property used as security for the loan.
In these conditions of registration:
‘Banking Group’—
means the New Zealand business of the registered bank and its subsidiaries as required to be reported in group financial statements
for the group’s New Zealand business under section 461B(2) of the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013.
‘business of the registered bank in New Zealand’—
means the New Zealand business of the registered bank as defined in the requirement for financial statements for New Zealand
business in section 461B(1) of the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013.
‘generally accepted accounting practice’—
has the same meaning as in section 8 of the Financial Reporting Act 2013.
‘liabilities of the registered bank in New Zealand’—
means the liabilities that the registered bank would be required to report in financial statements for its New Zealand business if section
461B(1) of the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013 applied.
In conditions of registration 9 to 11,—
“loan-to-valuation ratio”, “non property-investment residential mortgage loans”, property-investment residential mortgage loans”,
“qualifying new mortgage lending amount in respect of property-investment residential mortgage loans” and “residential mortgage
loan” have the same meaning as in the Reserve Bank document entitled “Framework for Restrictions on High-LVR Residential
Mortgage Lending” (BS19) dated October 2016, where the version of the Reserve Bank document “Capital Adequacy Framework
(Standardised Approach)” (BS2A) referred to in BS19 for the purpose of defining these terms is that dated November 2015; and
‘loan-to-valuation measurement period’ means a period of six calendar months ending on the last day of the sixth calendar month,
the first of which ends on the last day of March 2017.
Changes to conditions of registration
There have been no changes to the conditions of registration imposed on the Overseas Bank in New Zealand since 30 June 2017.
Westpac New Zealand conditions of registration
On 10 February 2017, the Reserve Bank issued Westpac New Zealand with a notice under section 95 of the Reserve Bank Act, requiring
Westpac New Zealand to obtain an independent review of its compliance with advanced internal rating-based aspects of the Reserve Bank’s
‘Capital Adequacy Framework (Internal Models Based Approach) (BS2B)’ (‘BS2B’) (‘Section 95 Review’). Westpac New Zealand has
disclosed non-compliance with BS2B (compliance with which is a condition of registration for Westpac New Zealand) in its disclosure
statements since September 2016. In response to the Section 95 Review the Reserve Bank has amended Westpac New Zealand’s conditions
of registration with effect from 31 December 2017, increasing the minimum total capital ratio, tier 1 capital ratio and common equity tier 1
capital ratio for Westpac New Zealand and its controlled entities by 2%. Westpac New Zealand has also undertaken to the Reserve Bank to
maintain the total capital ratio for Westpac New Zealand and its controlled entities above 15.1%. As at 30 September 2017, the total capital
ratio for Westpac New Zealand and its controlled entities is 16.1%.
These matters have no impact on the compliance by the Overseas Bank with its conditions of registration.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 8
Directors’ and the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch’s statement
Each Director of the Overseas Bank and the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch, believe, after due enquiry, that, as at the date on which this
Disclosure Statement is signed, the Disclosure Statement:
(a) contains all information that is required by the Order; and
(b) is not false or misleading.
Each Director of the Overseas Bank and the Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch, believe, after due enquiry, that, over the year ended 30
September 2017:
(a) the Overseas Bank has complied with all conditions of registration imposed on it pursuant to section 74 of the Reserve Bank Act; and
(b) the NZ Branch and other members of the NZ Banking Group had systems in place to monitor and control adequately the material risks of
relevant members of the NZ Banking Group, including credit risk, concentration of credit risk, interest rate risk, currency risk, equity risk,
liquidity risk and other business risks, and that those systems were being properly applied. For this purpose, a relevant member of the NZ
Banking Group means a member of the NZ Banking Group that is not a member of Westpac New Zealand’s banking group.
Refer to Note 36 of the financial statements for further detail regarding the entities which had systems in place to monitor and control the
material risks of relevant members of NZ Banking Group.
The Disclosure Statement has been signed on behalf of all of the Directors by David Alexander McLean, Chief Executive, Westpac New Zealand,
and Karen Lee Ann Silk, Chief Executive Officer, NZ Branch.
David Alexander McLean
Karen Lee Ann Silk
Dated this 6
th
day of December 2017
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 9
Income statement for the years ended 30 September
Year Ended Year Ended
$ millionsNote30-Sep-17 30-Sep-16
Interest income23,981 4,172
Interest expense
2
(2,193) (2,398)
Net interest income1,788 1,774
Non-interest income3625 588
Net operating income before operating expenses and impairment2,413 2,362
Operating expenses4(1,006) (953)
Impairment benefits/(charges)
6
76 (73)
Profit before income tax1,483 1,336
Income tax expense 7(424) (373)
Net profit for the year 1,059 963
NZ Banking Group
The above income statement should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
Statement of comprehensive income for the years ended 30 September
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions
30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
Net profit for the year1,059 963
Other comprehensive income/(expense)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit and loss
Gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Recognised in equity11 (21)
Gains/(losses) on cash flow hedging instruments:
Recognised in equity(58) (117)
Transferred to income statement104 133
Income tax on items taken to or transferred from equity:
Available-for-sale securities reserve(3) 6
Cash flow hedging reserve (13) (4)
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Remeasurement of defined benefit obligation recognised in equity (net of tax)10 (5)
Other comprehensive income/(expense) for the year (net of tax)
51
(8)
Total comprehensive income for the year1,110
955
NZ Banking Group
The above statement of comprehensive income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 10
Balance sheet as at 30 September
$ millions
Note
2017
2016
Assets
Cash and balances with central banks
1,761
1,472
Receivables due from other financial institutions9
471
844
Other assets10
423
333
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value11
3,949
4,035
Derivative financial instruments26
3,420
4,838
Available-for-sale securities12
4,087
3,790
Loans13,14
77,681
75,582
Life insurance assets
304
269
Due from related entities25
2,623
1,218
Property and equipment
146
161
Deferred tax assets15
136
166
Intangible assets16
665
650
Total assets95,666
93,358
Liabilities
Payables due to other financial institutions18
1,043
616
Other liabilities19
635
590
Deposits and other borrowings20
58,998
58,791
Other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement21
302
576
Derivative financial instruments 26
3,475
6,236
Due to related entities25
3,646
3,525
Debt issues22
16,729
14,727
Current tax liabilities
88
70
Provisions23
97
99
Loan capital24
2,822
1,091
Total liabilities87,835
86,321
Net assets7,831
7,037
Head office account
Branch capital
1,300
1,300
Retained profits
740
613
Total head office account2,040
1,913
NZ Banking Group equity
Share capital
143
143
Retained profits
5,712
5,086
Reserves
(64)
(105)
Total NZ Banking Group equity5,791
5,124
Total equity attributable to the owners of the NZ Banking Group7,831
7,037
Interest earning and discount bearing assets
90,225
86,427
Interest and discount bearing liabilities
77,611
73,743
NZ Banking Group
The above balance sheet should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors.
Director Director
6 December 2017 6 December 2017
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 11
Statement of changes in equity for the years ended 30 September
Available-
for-sale Cash Flow
Branch Retained Share Retained Securities Hedging Total
$ millionsCapital Profits Capital Profits Reserve Reserve Equity
As at 1 October 20151,300 524 143 4,328 16 (118) 6,193
Year ended 30 September 2016
Net profit for the year- 89 - 874 - - 963
- - - - (21) (117) (138)
Income tax effect- - - - 6 33 39
Transferred to the income statement- - - - - 133 133
Income tax effect- - - - - (37) (37)
Remeasurement of employee defined
- - - (7) - - (7)
Income tax effect- - - 2 - - 2
Total comprehensive income for the
- 89 - 869 (15) 12 955
Transactions with owners:
Dividends paid on ordinary
shares (refer to Note 25)- - - (111) - - (111)
As at 30 September 20161,300 613 143 5,086 1 (106) 7,037
Year ended 30 September 2017
Net profit for the year- 127 - 932 - - 1,059
Net gains/(losses) from changes-
- - - - 11 (58) (47)
Income tax effect- - - - (3) 16 13
Transferred to the income statement- - - - - 104 104
Income tax effect- - - - - (29) (29)
benefit obligations
- - - 14 - -
14
Income tax effect- - - (4) - -
(4)
Total comprehensive income for the
- 127 - 942 8 33 1,110
Transactions with owners:
Dividends paid on ordinary
shares (refer to Note 25)- - - (316) - - (316)
As at 30 September 20171,300 740 143 5,712 9 (73) 7,831
NZ Banking Group
NZ Branch
year ended 30 September 2016
year ended 30 September 2017
benefit obligations
Net losses from changes in fair value
changes in fair value
Remeasurement of employee defined
Head Office Account
Other members of the NZ Banking Group
Reserves
The above statement of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 12
Statement of cash flows for the years ended 30 September
Year Ended Year Ended
$ millionsNote30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
Cash flows from operating activities
Interest income received3,968 4,198
Interest expense paid(2,182) (2,403)
Non-interest income received641 521
Operating expenses paid(887) (838)
Income tax paid(397) (328)
Cash flows from operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities1,143 1,150
Net decrease/(increase) in:
Receivables due from other financial institutions355 (716)
Other assets(17) 3
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value11 53
Loans(2,090) (6,107)
Due from related entities(1,689) 1,897
Net increase/(decrease) in:
Payables due to other financial institutions427 (221)
Other liabilities7 (4)
Deposits and other borrowings207 5,805
Other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement(274) 297
Due to related entities849 44
Net movement in external and related entity derivative financial instruments(902) (1,915)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities40(1,973) 286
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of available-for-sale securities(533) (652)
Proceeds from available-for-sale securities162 300
Net movement in life insurance assets(35) (4)
Purchase of capitalised computer software(64) (56)
Purchase of property and equipment(31) (25)
Net cash used in investing activities(501) (437)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net movement in due to related entities(437) (305)
Proceeds from debt issues7,490 7,840
Repayments of debt issues(5,698) (6,018)
Issue of loan capital (net of transaction fees)1,706 -
Redemption of loan capital25- (762)
Dividends paid to ordinary shareholders25(316) (111)
Net cash provided by financing activities2,745 644
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents271 493
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year1,530 1,037
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year401,801 1,530
NZ Banking Group
The above statement of cash flows should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes. Details of the reconciliation of net cash (used
in)/provided by operating activities to net profit are provided in Note 40.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation New Zealand Banking Group 13
Note 1 Financial statement preparation
In these financial statements, reference is made to:
Westpac Banking Corporation (otherwise referred to as the ‘Overseas Bank’) – refers to the worldwide business of Westpac Banking
Corporation excluding its controlled entities;
Westpac Banking Corporation Group (otherwise referred to as the ‘Overseas Banking Group’) – refers to the total worldwide business of
Westpac Banking Corporation including its controlled entities;
Westpac Banking Corporation New Zealand Branch (otherwise referred to as the ‘NZ Branch’) – refers to the New Zealand Branch of
Westpac Banking Corporation (trading as Westpac);
Westpac New Zealand Limited (otherwise referred to as ‘Westpac New Zealand’) – refers to a locally incorporated subsidiary of the
Overseas Bank (carrying on the Overseas Bank’s New Zealand consumer, business and institutional banking operations); and
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group (otherwise referred to as the ‘NZ Banking Group’) – refers to the
New Zealand operations of Westpac Banking Corporation Group including those entities whose business is required to be reported in the
financial statements of the Overseas Banking Group’s New Zealand business.
These financial statements are for the NZ Banking Group.
These financial statements were authorised for issue by the Overseas Bank’s Board of Directors (the ‘Board’) on 6 December 2017. The Board
has the power to amend the financial statements after they are authorised for issue.
The principal accounting policies are set out below and in the relevant notes to the financial statements. These policies have been consistently
applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
a. Basis of preparation
(i) Basis of accounting
These financial statements are general purpose financial statements prepared in accordance with:
the requirements of the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013; and
the Registered Bank Disclosure Statements (Overseas Incorporated Registered Banks) Order 2014 (‘Order’).
These financial statements comply with Generally Accepted Accounting Practice, applicable New Zealand equivalents to International Financial
Reporting Standards (‘NZ IFRS’) and other authoritative pronouncements of the External Reporting Board, as appropriate for for-profit entities.
These financial statements also comply with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards
Board (‘I ASB’).
All amounts in these financial statements have been rounded to the nearest million dollars unless otherwise stated.
(ii) Historical cost convention
These financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified by applying fair value accounting to available-for-
sale securities and financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) measured at fair value through income statement or in other
comprehensive income. The going concern concept has been applied.
(iii) Comparative revisions
Comparative information has been revised where appropriate to conform to changes in presentation in the current year and to enhance
comparability. Where there has been a material restatement of comparative information the nature of, and the reason for, the restatement is
disclosed in the relevant note.
(iv) Changes in accounting standards
No new accounting standards or amendments have been adopted for the year ended 30 September 2017.
b. Basis of aggregation
The NZ Banking Group as at 30 September 2017 has been aggregated by combining the sum of the capital and reserves of the NZ Branch, and
the consolidated capital and reserves of Westpac New Zealand Group Limited, BT Financial Group (NZ) Limited, Westpac Financial Services
Group-NZ-Limited, Westpac Group Investment-NZ-Limited, Capital Finance New Zealand Limited and their subsidiaries (including structured
entities) and Hastings Forestry Investments Limited. For New Zealand entities acquired by the Overseas Banking Group, capital and reserves at
acquisition are netted and recognised as capital contributed to the NZ Banking Group.
Subsidiaries (including structured entities) are those entities over which the members of the NZ Banking Group have control. Control exists when it
is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from the subsidiaries, and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entities.
All transactions between entities within the NZ Banking Group are eliminated. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control
commences and are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.
(i) Business combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Acquisition cost is measured as the aggregate of the fair
value at the date of acquisition of the assets given, equity instruments issued or liabilities incurred or assumed. Acquisition-related costs are
expensed as incurred (except for those costs arising on the issue of equity instruments which are recognised directly in equity).
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at fair value on the
acquisition date. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the acquisition cost, the amount of any non-controlling interest and the fair value of any
previous NZ Banking Group’s equity interest in the acquiree, over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.
(ii) Foreign currency translation
Functional and presentational currency
The consolidated financial statements are presented in New Zealand dollars which is the NZ Banking Group’s functional and presentation
currency.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 14
Note 1 Financial statement preparation (continued)
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions.
Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year end exchange rates of
monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement, except when deferred in other
comprehensive income for qualifying cash flow hedges.
(iii) Head office account, share capital and reserves
Head office account - Branch capital
Branch capital comprises funds provided by the Overseas Bank. It is non-interest bearing and there is no fixed date for repatriation.
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares are recognised at the amount paid up per ordinary share, net of directly attributable issue costs.
Available-for-sale securities reserve
This comprises the changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities, net of tax. These changes are transferred to non-interest income in
the income statement when the asset is either disposed of or impaired.
Cash flow hedging reserve
This comprises the fair value gains and losses associated with the effective portion of designated cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax.
c. Financial assets and financial liabilities
(i) Recognition
Purchases and sales of financial assets, except for loans and receivables, are recognised on trade-date; the date on which the NZ Banking Group
commits to purchase or sell the asset. Loans and receivables are recognised on settlement date, when cash is advanced to the borrowers.
Financial liabilities are recognised when an obligation arises.
(ii) Classification and measurement
The NZ Banking Group classifies its significant financial assets in the following categories: cash and balances with central banks, receivables
due from other financial institutions, trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value, derivative financial instruments, available-
for-sale securities, loans, life insurance assets and due from related entities. The NZ Banking Group has not classified any of its financial
assets as held-to-maturity investments.
The NZ Banking Group classifies its significant financial liabilities in the following categories: payables due to other financial institutions,
deposits and other borrowings, other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement, derivative financial instruments, due to related
entities, debt issues and loan capital.
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value through income statement are recognised initially at fair value. All other financial
assets and financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs.
The accounting policy for each category of financial asset or financial liability mentioned above is set out in the note for the relevant item.
The NZ Banking Group’s policies for determining the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are set out in Note 27.
(iii) Derecognition
Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or when the NZ Banking Group has either
transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full under a ‘pass
through’ arrangement and transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.
There may be situations where the NZ Banking Group has partially transferred the risks and rewards of ownership but has neither transferred nor
retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. In such situations, the asset continues to be recognised on the balance sheet to the
extent of the NZ Banking Group’s continuing involvement in the asset.
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires. Where an existing financial liability is replaced by
another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, the exchange or
modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, with the difference in the respective carrying
amounts recognised in the income statement.
d. Critical accounting assumptions and estimates
Applying the NZ Banking Group’s accounting policies requires the use of judgment, assumptions and estimates which impact the financial
information. The significant assumptions and estimates used are discussed in the relevant notes below.
Note 7 Income tax expense
Note 14 Asset quality
Note 15 Deferred tax assets
Note 16 Intangible assets
Note 27 Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities
Note 34 Insurance business
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 15
Note 1 Financial statement preparation (continued)
e. Future developments in accounting standards
The following new standards and interpretations which may have a material impact on the NZ Banking Group have been issued, but are not yet
effective and unless otherwise stated have not been early adopted by the NZ Banking Group:
NZ IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (September 2014) (‘NZ IFRS 9’) will replace NZ IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
(‘NZ IAS 39’). It includes a forward looking ‘expected credit loss’ impairment model, revised classification and measurement model and modifies
the approach to hedge accounting. The standard is effective for the 30 September 2019 year end. The major changes under the standard and
details of the implementation project are outlined below.
Impairment
NZ IFRS 9 introduces a revised impairment model which requires entities to recognise expected credit losses based on unbiased forward looking
information, replacing the existing incurred loss model which only recognises impairment if there is objective evidence that a loss has been
incurred. Key elements of the new impairment model are:
requires more timely recognition of expected credit losses using a three stage approach. For financial assets where there has been no
significant increase in credit risk since origination, a provision for 12 months expected credit losses is required (stage 1). For financial
assets where there has been a significant increase in credit risk or where the asset is credit impaired, a provision for full lifetime expected
losses is required (stages 2 and 3 respectively);
expected credit losses are probability-weighted amounts determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and taking into account the
time value of money, past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. This will involve a greater use of judgment
than the existing impairment model; and
interest is calculated on the gross carrying amount of a financial asset, except where the asset is credit impaired.
Implementation
The NZ Banking Group has established an NZ IFRS 9 impairment project which will deliver conversion to the new standard effective 1 October
2018.
Models are currently being developed, tested and approved for core portfolios. These models use three main components to determine the
expected credit loss (as well as the time value of money) including:
Probability of default (‘PD’): the probability that a counterparty will default;
Loss given default (‘LGD’): the loss that is expected to arise in the event of a default; and
Exposure at default (‘EAD’): the estimated outstanding amount of credit exposure at the time of the default.
The models use a 12 month timeframe for expected losses in stage 1 and a lifetime timeframe for expected losses in stages 2 and 3. This
incorporates past experience, current conditions and multiple probability-weighted macroeconomic scenarios for reasonably supportable future
economic conditions.
There will be a new governance framework to implement appropriate controls to address the new requirements of NZ IFRS 9 including key areas
of judgment such as the determination of a significant increase in credit risk and the use of forward looking information in future economic
scenarios.
The judgment to determine significant deterioration of credit risk will be based on changes in internally assessed customer risk grades since
origination of the facility. The movement between stages 2 and 3 will be based on whether financial assets are credit-impaired at the reporting
date which is expected to be similar to the individual assessment of impairment for financial assets under the current NZ IAS 39.
New NZ IFRS 9 models will be independently reviewed and validated in accordance with the NZ Banking Group’s model risk policies and
approved by the Credit Risk Estimates Committee. The Board Risk and Compliance Committee (‘BRCC’) will also approve the methodology and
key areas of judgment will be discussed with the Board Audit Committee.
Models and credit risk processes will be further tested during a parallel run prior to adoption to provide a better understanding of the implications of
the new impairment requirements. This includes an evaluation of the effect on the NZ Banking Group’s results as well as validating the controls
and effectiveness of the governance and operational processes.
Classification and measurement
NZ IFRS 9 replaces the classification and measurement model in NZ IAS 39 with a new model that categorises financial assets based on a) the
business model within which the assets are managed, and b) whether the contractual cash flows under the instrument solely represent the
payment of principal and interest. Financial assets will be measured at:
amortised cost where the business model is to hold the financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and those cash flows
represent solely payments of principal and interest;
fair value through other comprehensive income where the business model is to both collect contractual cash flows and sell financial assets
and the cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Non-traded equity instruments can also be measured at fair value
through other comprehensive income; or
fair value through profit or loss if they are held for trading or if the cash flows on the asset do not solely represent payments of principal and
interest. An entity can also elect to measure a financial asset at fair value through profit or loss if it eliminates or reduces an accounting
mismatch.
The accounting for financial liabilities is largely unchanged.
Implementation
The NZ Banking Group’s classification and measurement implementation project is in progress including an assessment of business models
and a review of the contractual cash flows across financial asset balances. The NZ Banking Group does not currently expect that there will be
a material change to the classification and measurement of financial instruments as a result of implementing NZ IFRS 9.
Hedging
NZ IFRS 9 will change hedge accounting by increasing the eligibility of both hedged items and hedging instruments and introducing a more
principles-based approach to assessing hedge effectiveness. Adoption of the new hedge accounting model is optional until the IASB
completes its Accounting for Dynamic Risk Management project. Until this time, current hedge accounting under NZ IAS 39 can continue to be
applied.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 16
Note 1 Financial statement preparation (continued)
The NZ Banking Group currently anticipates applying the option to continue hedge accounting under NZ IAS 39, however will implement the NZ
IFRS 7 hedge accounting disclosures as required.
Transition
The impairment and classification and measurement requirements of NZ IFRS 9 will be applied retrospectively by adjusting the opening balance
sheet at the date of initial application, 1 October 2018. There is no requirement to restate comparatives and the NZ Banking Group does not
expect that the comparatives will be restated. However, detailed transitional disclosures will be provided in accordance with the amended
requirements of NZ IFRS 7.
The NZ Banking Group intends to quantify the potential impact of adopting NZ IFRS 9 once it is practical to provide a reliable estimate. We expect
that this will be no later than the September 2018 Disclosure Statement.
NZ IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (‘NZ IFRS 15’) was issued on 3 July 2014 and will be effective for the 30 September
2019 financial year. The standard provides a single comprehensive model for revenue recognition. It replaces NZ IAS 18 Revenue and related
interpretations. The application of NZ IFRS 15 is not expected to have a material impact on the NZ Banking Group.
NZ IFRS 16 Leases (‘NZ IFRS 16’) was issued on 11 February 2016 and will be effective for the 30 September 2020 financial year. The main
changes under the standard are:
all operating leases of greater than 12 months duration will be required to be presented on balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and lease
liability. The asset and liability will initially be measured at the present value of non-cancellable lease payments and payments to be made
in optional periods where it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Details of the NZ Banking Group’s current lease
obligations are included in Note 29; and
all leases on balance sheet will give rise to a combination of interest expense on the lease liability and depreciation of the right-of-use
asset.
The standard will result in the recognition of an asset and liability on the balance sheet, however, the quantum of these balances will be
determined by the level of operating lease commitments greater than 12 months duration at adoption and is not yet practicable to determine.
Disclosure Initiative: Amendments to NZ IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows was issued on 12 May 2016 and will be effective for the 30
September 2018 year end unless early adopted. Comparatives are not required on first application. The standard requires additional
disclosures regarding both cash and non-cash changes in liabilities arising from financing activities. The standard is not expected to have a
material impact on the NZ Banking Group.
NZ IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts was issued on 10 August 2017 and will be effective for the 30 September 2022 year end unless early
adopted. This will replace NZ IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts. The main changes under the standard are:
the scope of the standard may result in some contracts that are currently “unbundled”, i.e. accounted for separately as insurance and
investment contracts being required to be “bundled” and accounted for as an insurance contract;
portfolios of contracts (with similar risks which are managed together) will be required to be disaggregated to a more granular level by both
the age of a contract and the likelihood of the contract being onerous in order to determine the recognition of profit over the contract period
(i.e. the contractual service margin). The contractual service margin uses a different basis to recognise profit to the current Margin on
Services approach for life insurance and therefore the pattern of profit recognition is likely to differ;
risk adjustments, which reflect uncertainties in the amount and timing of future cash flows, are required for both general and life insurance
contracts rather than just general insurance contracts under the current accounting standards;
the contract boundary, which is the period over which profit is recognised, differs and is determined based on the ability to compel the
policyholder to pay premiums or the substantive obligation to provide coverage/services. For some general insurance contracts (e.g. some
lender mortgage insurance and reinsurance contracts) this may result in the contract boundary being longer. For life insurance, in particular
term renewable contracts, the contract boundary is expected to be shorter. Both will be impacted by different patterns of profit recognition
compared to the current standards;
a narrower definition of what acquisition costs may be deferred;
an election to recognise changes in assumptions regarding discount rate in other comprehensive income rather that in profit and loss;
an election to recognise changes in the fair value of assets supporting policy liabilities in other comprehensive income rather than through
profit and loss;
reinsurance contracts and the associated liability is to be determined separately to the gross contract liability and may have different
contract boundaries; and
additional disclosure requirements.
The standard is expected to result in a reduction in the level of deferred acquisition costs, however the quantum of this and the profit and loss
impacts to the NZ Banking Group are not yet practicable to determine.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 17
Note 2 Net interest income
Accounting policy
Interest income and expense for all interest earning financial assets and interest bearing financial liabilities, detailed within the table below, are
recognised using the effective interest rate method. Net income from treasury’s interest rate and liquidity management activities is included in net
interest income.
The effective interest rate method calculates the amortised cost of a financial instrument by discounting the financial instrument’s estimated future
cash receipts or payments to their present value and allocates the interest income or interest expense, including any fees, costs, premiums or
discounts integral to the instrument, over its expected life.
NZ Banking Group
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions
Note
30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
Interest income
Cash and balances with central banks
32 38
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value
102 126
Available-for-sale securities157 151
Loans
3,677
3,850
Due from related entities
25
13
7
Total interest income 3,981
4,172
Interest expense
Deposits and other borrowings1,250
1,375
Due to related entities
25
75
79
Debt issues314 324
Loan capital 55 78
Other
1
499
542
Total interest expense 2,193 2,398
Net interest income1,788 1,774
1
Includes the net impact of treasury’s interest rate and liquidity management activities.
Of the amounts noted in total interest income and total interest expense, the amounts related to financial instruments not measured at fair
value through income statement were as follows:
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions30-Sep-17 30-Sep-16
Interest income3,872 4,046
Interest expense2,127 2,340
NZ Banking Group
Note 3 Non-interest income
Accounting policy
Fees and commissions
Fees and commission income are recognised as follows:
Transaction fees are earned for facilitating transactions and are recognised once the transaction is executed;
Lending fees are primarily earned for the provision of credit and other facilities to customers and are recognised as the services are
provided;
Other non-risk fee income includes advisory and underwriting fees which are recognised when the related service is completed.
Income which forms an integral part of the effective interest rate of a financial instrument is recognised using the effective interest method and
recorded in interest income (for example, loan origination fees).
Fees from trust and other fiduciary activities
Net funds management fees earned for the ongoing management of customer funds and investments are recognised over the period of
management.
Net life insurance income and change in policy liabilities
Net insurance policy assets relating to life insurance contracts are calculated by using the margin on service methodology in accordance with New
Zealand Society of Actuaries Professional Standard 3 Determination of Life Insurance Policy Liabilities. Under this methodology, planned profit
margins and an estimate of future liabilities are calculated separately for each major product line using applied assumptions at each reporting
date. Profit margins are released in line with the service that has been provided.
Premium income
Life insurance premiums with a regular due date are recognised as revenue on an accrual basis. Premiums with no due date are recognised on a
cash received basis.
Claims expense
Life insurance contract claims are recognised as an expense when the liability has been established.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 18
Note 3 Non-interest income (continued)
Trading income
Realised and unrealised gains or losses from changes in the fair value of trading assets, liabilities and derivatives are recognised in the
period in which they arise (except day one profits or losses which are deferred, refer to Note 27). Those relating to foreign exchange
related products are recognised in foreign exchange trading income, the remaining gains and losses are recognised in other trading
products income.
Net income related to Treasury’s interest rate and liquidity management activities is included in net interest income.
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions
30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
Fees and commissions
Transaction fees and commissions
218
189
Lending fees61 64
Other non-risk fee income51
49
Total fees and commissions
330
302
Wealth management and insurance income
Fees from trust and other fiduciary activities47
42
Net life insurance income and change in policy liabilities83
108
Total wealth management and insurance income130
150
Trading income
Foreign exchange trading
118 110
Other trading products40
(6)
Total trading income
158
104
Net ineffectiveness on qualifying hedges (10)
4
Other non-interest income
Share of associate's net profit
5
11
Other12
17
Total other non-interest income17
28
Total non-interest income625
588
NZ Banking Group
Note 4 Operating expenses
NZ Banking Group
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions
30-Sep-17 30-Sep-16
Staff expenses
482 465
Operating lease rentals 67
64
Depreciation 46
45
Outsourcing 104
109
Purchased services 166
103
Software amortisation costs 49
64
Related entities - management fees (refer to Note 25) 7
6
Other 85
97
Total operating expenses 1,006
953
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 19
Note 5 Auditor’s remuneration
Year Ended Year Ended
$'000s 30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
2,249 2,066
57 54
Total remuneration for audit and other audit related services 2,306 2,120
Other services
3
134
159
Total remuneration for non-audit services 134 159
Total remuneration for audit, other audit related services and non-audit services 2,440 2,279
Audit and audit related services
NZ Banking Group
Audit and review of financial statements
1
Other audit related services
2
1
Fees for the annual audit of the financial statements, the review or other procedures performed on the interim financial statements and Sarbanes-Oxley reporting undertaken in the role of
auditor.
2
Primarily assurance provided on certain financial information performed in the role of auditor, including the issue of comfort letters in relation to debt issuance programmes.
3
Assurance and agreed procedures relating to other regulatory and compliance matters.
The amounts in the table above are presented exclusive of goods and services tax (‘GST’). It is the NZ Banking Group’s policy to engage the
external auditor on assignments additional to their statutory audit duties only if their independence is not either impaired or seen to be impaired,
and where their expertise and experience with the NZ Banking Group is important.
The external auditor also provides audit and non-audit services to non-consolidated entities, including non-consolidated trusts of which a member
of the NZ Banking Group is manager or responsible entity and non-consolidated superannuation funds or pension funds. During the year ended
30 September 2017, the fees in respect of these services were approximately $562,100 (30 September 2016: $582,000).
Note 6 Impairment (benefits)/charges
Accounting policy
At each balance sheet date, the NZ Banking Group assesses whether there is any objective evidence of impairment of its loan portfolio. An
impairment charge is recognised if there is objective evidence that principal or interest repayments may not be recoverable and when the
financial impact of the non-recoverable loan can be reliably measured.
Objective evidence of impairment could include a breach of contract with the NZ Banking Group such as a default on interest or principal
payments, a borrower experiencing significant financial difficulties or observable economic conditions that correlate to defaults on a group of
loans.
The impairment charge is measured as the difference between the loan’s current carrying amount and the present value of its estimated future
cash flows. The estimated future cash flows exclude any expected future credit losses which have not yet occurred and are discounted to their
present value using the loan’s original effective interest rate. If a loan has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any
impairment is the current effective interest rate.
The impairment charge is recognised in the income statement with a corresponding reduction of the carrying value of the loan through an
offsetting provision account (refer to Note 14).
In subsequent periods, objective evidence may indicate that an impairment charge should be reversed. Objective evidence could include a
borrower’s credit rating or financial circumstances improving. The impairment charge is reversed in the income statement of that future period
and the related provision for impairment is reduced.
Uncollectable loans
A loan may become uncollectable in full or part if, after following the NZ Banking Group’s loan recovery procedures, the NZ Banking Group
remains unable to collect that loan’s contractual repayments. Uncollectable amounts are written off against their related provision for
impairment, after all possible repayments have been received.
The NZ Banking Group may subsequently be able to recover cash flows from loans written off. In the period which these recoveries are made,
they are recognised in the income statement.
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates relating to impairment charges are included in Note 14.
Year Ended Year Ended
$ millions
30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
Individually assessed provisions (49) 6
Collectively assessed provisions (56) 8
Bad debts written off directly to the income statement 29 59
Total impairment (benefits)/charges (76) 73
NZ Banking Group
Refer to Note 14 for further details on provisions for impairment charges.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 20
Note 7 Income tax expense
Accounting policy
The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to
items recognised directly in other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.
Current tax is the tax payable for the year using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates and laws. Current tax also includes adjustments to tax
payable for previous years.
Goods and services tax (‘GST’)
Revenue, expenses and assets are recognised net of GST except to the extent that GST is not recoverable from the Inland Revenue. In these
circumstances, GST is recognised as part of the expense or the cost of the asset.
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates
Significant judgment is required in determining the current tax liability. There are many transactions with uncertain tax outcomes and provisions
are held to reflect these tax uncertainties.
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions 30-Sep-17 30-Sep-16
Income tax expense
Current tax:
Current year 405
377
Prior year adjustments
6 (3)
Deferred tax (refer to Note 15):
Current year 16 (5)
Prior year adjustments (3) 4
Total income tax expense
424
373
Profit before income tax 1,483
1,336
Tax calculated at tax rate of 28%
415
374
Income not subject to tax
(1)
(4)
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 2
2
Prior year adjustments
3
1
Other items
5
-
Total income tax expense
424
373
NZ Banking Group
The effective tax rate for the year ended 30 September 2017 was 28.6% (30 September 2016: 27.9%).
Note 8 Imputation credit account
$ millions 2017 2016
Imputation credits available for use in subsequent reporting periods 1,118
1,272
NZ Banking Group
Note 9 Receivables due from other financial institutions
Accounting policy
Receivables due from other financial institutions are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest
rate method.
$ millions 2017
2016
Loans and advances to other banks
471
844
Total receivables due from other financial institutions
471
844
NZ Banking Group
Note 10 Other assets
$ millions 2017
2016
Accrued interest receivable 149 134
Securities sold not yet delivered
143 59
Trade debtors and prepayments 41
70
Other
90 70
Total other assets 423
333
NZ Banking Group
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 21
Note 11 Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value
Accounting policy
Trading securities include actively traded debt (government, semi-government and other) and those acquired for sale in the near term and are
held at fair value.
Gains and losses on trading securities are recognised in the income statement. Interest received from government and other debt securities is
recognised in net interest income (refer to Note 2).
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (‘reverse repos’)
Reverse repos are not recognised on the balance sheet as the NZ Banking Group has not obtained the risks and rewards of ownership. The cash
consideration paid is recognised as an asset. Reverse repos which are part of a trading portfolio are designated at fair value. Gains and losses on
these financial assets are recognised in the income statement. Interest received under these agreements is recognised in interest income.
$ millions 2017 2016
Government and semi-government securities 1,027 1,350
Other debt securities 2,165 2,374
Securities purchased under agreement to resell 757 311
Total trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value 3,949 4,035
NZ Banking Group
Note 12 Available-for-sale securities
Accounting policy
Available-for-sale debt (government, semi-government and other) securities are held at fair value with gains and losses recognised in other
comprehensive income except for the following amounts, which are recognised in the income statement:
Interest on debt securities; and
Impairment charges.
The cumulative gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income is subsequently recognised in the income statement when the instrument
is disposed.
At each reporting date, the NZ Banking Group assesses whether any available-for-sale securities are impaired. Impairment exists if one or more
events have occurred which have a negative impact on the security’s estimated cash flows.
Evidence of impairment includes significant financial difficulties or adverse changes in the payment status of an issuer. If impairment exists, the
cumulative loss is removed from other comprehensive income and recognised in the income statement. Any subsequent reversals of impairment
on debt securities are also recognised in the income statement.
$ millions 2017 2016
Government and semi-government securities 2,467 2,409
Other debt securities
1,620 1,381
Total available-for-sale securities 4,087 3,790
NZ Banking Group
Note 13 Loans
Accounting policy
Loans are financial assets initially recognised at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. Loans are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method and are presented net of any provisions for impairment.
Loan products that have both mortgage and deposit facilities are presented gross on the balance sheet, segregating the asset and liability
component, because they do not meet the criteria to be offset. Interest earned on these products is presented on a net basis in the income
statement as this reflects how the customer is charged.
The following table shows loans disaggregated by type of product.
$ millions 2017
2016
Overdrafts 1,296 1,313
Credit card outstandings 1,518 1,503
Money market loans 1,250 1,362
Term loans:
Housing 46,943 45,126
Non-housing 25,780 25,425
Other 1,244 1,288
Total gross loans 78,031 76,017
Provisions for impairment charges on loans (350) (435)
Total net loans 77,681 75,582
NZ Banking Group
Movements in impaired assets and provisions for impairment charges on loans are outlined in Note 14.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 22
Note 14 Asset quality
Accounting policy
The NZ Banking Group recognises two types of impairment provisions for its loans, being provisions for loans which are:
individually assessed for impairment; and
collectively assessed for impairment.
Note 6 explains how impairment charges are determined. The NZ Banking Group assesses impairment as follows:
individually for loans that exceed specified thresholds. Where there is objective evidence of impairment, individually assessed provisions
will be recognised; and
collectively for loans below the specified thresholds noted above or if there is no objective evidence of impairment. These loans are
included in a group of loans with similar risk characteristics and collectively assessed for impairment. If there is objective evidence that
the group of loans is collectively impaired, collectively assessed provisions will be recognised.
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates
The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly by the NZ Banking Group to reduce
differences between impairment provisions and actual loss experience.
Individual component
Key judgments include the business prospects for the customer, the realisable value of collateral, the NZ Banking Group’s position relative to
other claimants, the reliability of customer information and the likely cost and duration of recovering the loan.
Judgments can change with time as new information becomes available or as loan recovery strategies evolve, which may result in revisions to
the impairment provision.
Collective component
Collective provisions are established on a portfolio basis taking into account the level of arrears, collateral and security, past loss experience,
current economic conditions, expected default and timing of recovery based on portfolio trends.
Key judgments include estimated loss rates and their related emergence periods. The emergence period for each loan type is determined
through studies of loss emergence patterns. Loan files are reviewed to identify the average time period between observable loss indicator
events and the loss becoming identifiable.
Actual credit losses may differ materially from reported loan impairment provisions due to uncertainties including interest rates and their effect
on consumer spending, unemployment levels, payment behaviour and bankruptcy rates.
NZ Banking Group
Residential Other Residential Other
$ millions Mortgages
Retail
Corporate Other Total Mortgages Retail Corporate Other Total
Neither past due nor impaired46,019 3,767 26,613 225 76,624 44,246 3,625 26,470 250 74,591
Past due but not impaired assets
Less than 30 days past due
752 132 107 - 991 732 132 106 - 970
At least 30 days but less than 60 days past due
67 22 10 - 99 62 18 43 - 123
At least 60 days but less than 90 days past due
27 13 24 - 64 30 10 15 - 55
At least 90 days past due46 19 15 - 80 31 15 10 - 56
Total past due assets not impaired892 186 156 - 1,234 855 175 174 - 1,204
Individually impaired assets
1
Balance at beginning of the year25 4 193 - 222 49 2 231 - 282
Additions40 5 39 - 84 35 6 104 - 145
Amounts written off(4) (1) (3) - (8) (7) - (13) - (20)
Returned to performing or repaid
(29) (3) (93) - (125) (52) (4) (129) - (185)
Balance at end of the year32 5 136 - 173 25 4 193 - 222
Total gross loans
2
46,943 3,958 26,905 225 78,031 45,126 3,804 26,837 250 76,017
Individually assessed provisions
Balance at beginning of the year7 3 95 - 105 14 1 103 - 118
Impairment charges/(benefits) on loans:
New provisions8 4 6 - 18 8 2 13 - 23
Recoveries- - - - - - - - - -
Reversal of previously recognised
impairment charges on loans(4) (1) (62) - (67) (8) - (9) - (17)
Amounts written off(4) (1) (3) - (8) (7) - (12) - (19)
Interest adjustments- - - - - - - - - -
Balance at end of the year7 5 36 - 48 7 3 95 - 105
Collectively assessed provisions
Balance at beginning of the year46 95 220 - 361 55 93 181 - 329
Impairment charges/(benefits) on loans5 (10) (51) - (56) (12) (8) 28 - 8
Interest adjustments3 12 12 - 27 3 10 11 - 24
Balance at end of the year54 97 181 - 332 46 95 220 - 361
Total provisions for impairment charges
on loans and credit commitments 61 102 217 - 380 53 98 315 - 466
Provision for credit commitments (refer to Note 23)- (4) (26) - (30) - (4) (27) - (31)
Total provisions for impairment
charges on loans61 98 191 - 350 53 94 288 - 435
Total net loans46,882 3,860 26,714 225 77,681 45,073 3,710 26,549 250 75,582
NZ Banking Group
2016
2017
1
The NZ Banking Group had undrawn commitments of $4 million (30 September 2016: $14 million) to counterparties for whom drawn balances are classified as individually impaired assets
under corporate loans as at 30 September 2017.
2
The NZ Banking Group does not have other assets under administration as at 30 September 2017.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 23
Note 15 Deferred tax assets
Accounting policy
Deferred tax accounts for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their values
for taxation purposes.
Deferred tax is determined using the enacted or substantively enacted tax rates and laws which are expected to apply when the assets will be
realised or the liabilities settled.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset where they relate to the same taxable entity or group and where there is a legal right and
intention to settle on a net basis.
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available to utilise the assets.
Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences:
the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither the accounting nor
taxable profit or loss; and
the initial recognition of goodwill in a business combination.
As described in Note 7, tax is considered one of the NZ Banking Group’s critical accounting assumptions and estimates.
$ millions 2017 2016
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities) comprise the following temporary differences:
Provision for impairment charges on loans101 125
Cash flow hedges29 42
Provision for employee entitlements13
18
Software, property and equipment9
9
Life insurance policy liabilities(33) (34)
Financial instruments6 -
Other temporary differences
11 6
Net deferred tax assets136 166
The deferred tax (charge)/credit in income tax expense comprises the following temporary differences:
Provision for impairment charges on loans(24) 6
Provision for employee entitlements(1) 2
Software, property and equipment- 2
Life insurance policy liabilities1 (6)
Financial instruments6 -
Other temporary differences5 (3)
Total deferred tax (charge)/credit in income tax expense (13) 1
The deferred tax charge in other comprehensive income comprises the following temporary differences:
Cash flow hedges(13) (4)
Provision for employee entitlements(4) 2
Total deferred tax charge in other comprehensive income (17) (2)
NZ Banking Group
Note 16 Intangible assets
Accounting policy
Indefinite life intangible assets
Goodwill
Goodwill acquired in a business combination is initially measured at cost, generally being the excess of:
i) the consideration paid; over
ii) the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired.
Subsequently, goodwill is not amortised but rather tested for impairment. Impairment is tested at least annually or whenever there is an indication
of impairment. An impairment charge is recognised when a cash generating unit’s (CGU) carrying value exceeds its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount means the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs to sell and its value-in-use.
Finite life intangible assets
Finite life intangibles include computer software which are recognised initially at cost and subsequently at amortised cost less any impairment.
Intangible Useful life Depreciation method
Goodwill Indefinite Not applicable
Computer software 3 to 8 years Straight-line or diminishing balance method (using
the Sum of the Years Digits)
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 24
Note 16 Intangible assets (continued)
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates
Judgment is required in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. A different assessment of fair values
would have resulted in a different goodwill balance and different post-acquisition performance of the acquired entity.
When assessing impairment of intangible assets, significant judgment is needed to determine the appropriate cash flows and discount rates to be
applied to the calculations. The significant assumptions applied to the value-in-use calculations are outlined below.
$ millions 2017 2016
Goodwill 525 525
Computer software 140 125
Total intangible assets 665 650
NZ Banking Group
Significant assumptions used in recoverable amount calculations
Assumptions are used to determine the CGU’s recoverable amount for goodwill, which is based on value-in-use calculations. Value-in-use refers
to the present value of expected cash flows under its current use. The NZ Banking Group discounts the projected cash flows by its adjusted pre-
tax equity rate.
NZ Banking Group’s equity rate was 11.0% (2016: 11.0%)
NZ Banking Group’s adjusted pre-tax equity rate was 15.3% (2016: 15.3%)
For the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, the assumptions in the following table are made for each significant CGU. The forecasts applied
by management are not reliant on any one particular assumption.
Assumption Based on:
Cash flows Zero growth rate beyond 2 year forecast
Economic market conditions Current market expectations
Business performance Observable historical information and current market expectations of the future
There are no reasonably possible changes in assumptions for any significant CGU that would result in an indication of impairment or have a
material impact on the NZ Banking Group’s reported results.
Goodwill has been allocated to the following CGUs, which are equivalent to the operating segments of the same names as described in Note 31:
$ millions 2017 2016
Consumer Banking and Wealth 512 512
Investments and Insurance 13 13
Net carrying amount of goodwill 525 525
NZ Banking Group
Note 17 Financial assets pledged as collateral
Accounting policy
Security repurchase agreements
Where securities are sold subject to an agreement to repurchase at a predetermined price, they remain recognised on the balance sheet in their
original category (i.e. trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value or available-for-sale securities).
The cash consideration received is recognised as a liability (‘security repurchase agreements’). Security repurchase agreements are designated at
fair value and recognised as part of other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement (refer to Note 21), where they are managed as
part of a trading portfolio.
The NZ Banking Group is required to provide collateral to other financial institutions, as part of standard terms, to secure liabilities. In addition
to assets supporting Westpac New Zealand’s Global Covered Bond Programme (‘CB Programme’) disclosed in Note 32, the carrying value of
these financial assets pledged as collateral is:
$ millions 2017 2016
Cash430 786
Securities pledged under repurchase agreements:
Available-for-sale securities19 400
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value216 44
Total amount pledged to secure liabilities (excluding CB Programme)665 1,230
NZ Banking Group
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 25
Note 18 Payables due to other financial institutions
Accounting policy
Payables due to other financial institutions are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest rate
method.
$ millions2017 2016
Interest bearing interbank deposits 1,026 601
Non-interest bearing, repayable at call 17 15
Total payables due to other financial institutions 1,043 616
NZ Banking Group
Note 19 Other liabilities
$ millions2017
2016
Accrued interest payable 331 322
Securities purchased but not yet delivered
89
44
Retirement benefit obligations 14 27
Trade creditors and other accrued expenses 79 91
Other 122 106
Total other liabilities 635 590
NZ Banking Group
Note 20 Deposits and other borrowings
Accounting policy
Deposits and other borrowings are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently either measured at amortised cost using the effective interest
rate method or at fair value.
Deposits and other borrowings are designated at fair value if they are managed on a fair value basis, reduce or eliminate an accounting mismatch
or contain an embedded derivative.
Where they are measured at fair value, any changes in fair value (except those due to changes in credit risk) are recognised as non-interest
income.
The change in the fair value that is due to changes in credit risk is recognised in other comprehensive income except where it would create an
accounting mismatch, in which case it is also recognised in the income statement.
Interest expense incurred is recognised in net interest income using the effective interest rate method.
$ millions2017
2016
Certificates of deposit593 1,250
Non-interest bearing, repayable at call5,274 4,621
Other interest bearing:
At call23,117 23,741
Term
30,014
29,179
Total deposits and other borrowings58,998 58,791
Deposits at fair value593 1,250
Deposits at amortised cost58,405 57,541
Total deposits and other borrowings 58,998 58,791
NZ Banking Group
The NZ Branch held no retail deposits and other borrowings from individuals as at 30 September 2017 (30 September 2016: nil).
Note 21 Other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement
Accounting policy
Other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement include trading securities sold short and security repurchase agreements which
have been designated at fair value at initial recognition. The accounting policy for security repurchase agreements is consistent with that detailed
in Note 17.
Securities sold short reflect the obligation to deliver securities to a buyer for the sale of securities the NZ Banking Group does not own at the time
of sale but that are promised to be delivered to the buyer. Securities delivered to the buyer are usually borrowed and/or subsequently purchased.
Subsequent to initial recognition, these liabilities are measured at fair value with changes in fair value (except credit risk) recognised through the
income statement as they arise. The change in fair value that is attributable to credit risk is recognised in other comprehensive income except
where it would create an accounting mismatch, in which case it is recognised through the income statement.
Interest expense is recognised in net interest income using the effective interest rate method.
$ millions2017
2016
Securities sold short
67 132
Security repurchase agreements
235 444
Total other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement 302
576
NZ Banking Group
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 26
Note 22 Debt issues
Accounting policy
Debt issues are bonds, notes and commercial paper that have been issued by the NZ Banking Group.
Debt issues are initially measured at fair value and subsequently either measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method or at
fair value.
Debt issues are designated at fair value if they reduce or eliminate an accounting mismatch.
They are measured at fair value with changes in fair value (except those due to changes in credit risk) recognised as non-interest income.
The change in the fair value that is due to credit risk is recognised in other comprehensive income except where it would create an accounting
mismatch, in which case it is also recognised in the income statement.
Interest expense incurred is recognised within net interest income using the effective interest rate method.
In the following table, the distinction between short-term (less than 12 months) and long-term (greater than 12 months) debt is based on the
maturity of the underlying security at origination.
$ millions2017
2016
Short-term debt
Commercial paper 1,642 2,410
Total short-term debt 1,642 2,410
Long-term debt
Non-domestic medium-term notes 6,628 5,616
Covered bonds 5,236 3,480
Domestic medium-term notes 3,223 3,221
Total long-term debt 15,087 12,317
Total debt issues 16,729 14,727
Debt issues at fair value 1,642 2,410
Debt issues at amortised cost 15,087 12,317
Total debt issues 16,729 14,727
NZ Banking Group
Note 23 Provisions
Accounting policy
Provisions are recognised for present obligations arising from past events where a payment (or other economic transfer) is likely to be
necessary to settle the obligation and can be reliably estimated.
Employee benefits – annual leave and other employee benefits
The provision for annual leave and other employee benefits (including wages and salaries, inclusive of non-monetary benefits, and any associated
on-costs (e.g. payroll tax)) is calculated based on expected payments.
Provision for impairment on credit commitments
The NZ Banking Group is committed to provide facilities and guarantees as explained in Note 30. If it is probable that a facility will be drawn
and the resulting asset will be less than the drawn amount then a provision for impairment is recognised. The provision for impairment is
calculated using the same methodology as the provision for impairment charges on loans (refer to Note 6).
$ millions2017
2016
Annual leave and other employee benefits
66
58
Provision for impairment on credit commitments 30
31
Other 1
10
Total provisions 97
99
NZ Banking Group
Note 24 Loan capital
Accounting policy
Loan capital are instruments which qualify for inclusion as regulatory capital under either the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (‘Reserve Bank’)
Capital Adequacy Framework or, in relation to the Overseas Bank, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (‘APRA’) Prudential Standards.
Loan capital is initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. Interest
expense incurred is recognised in net interest income.
$ millionsNote 2017 2016
Additional Tier 1 loan capital - USD AT1 securities
1
1,691 -
Tier 2 loan capital - Convertible subordinated notes
1
25 1,131 1,091
Total loan capital2,822 1,091
NZ Banking Group
1
Net of capitalised transaction costs.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 27
Note 24 Loan capital (continued)
Additional Tier 1 loan capital
A summary of the key terms and features of the Additional Tier 1 loan capital (‘USD AT1 securities’) is provided below.
$Issue dateInterest rateOptional redemption date
US$1,250 million securities
1
21 September 2017 5.00% p.a.
2
21 September 2027
and every fifth anniversary thereafter
1
The USD AT1 securities are issued by the Overseas Bank acting through its NZ Branch.
2
Fixed interest rate of 5.00% p.a., until, but excluding 21 September 2027 (the ‘first reset date’). Every fifth anniversary thereafter is a reset date. If the USD AT1 securities are not redeemed,
converted or written-off by the first reset date, the interest rate from, and including, each reset date thereafter to, but excluding the next succeeding reset date, will be a fixed rate per annum
equal to the prevailing 5-year USD mid-market swap rate plus 2.888% per annum.
Interest payable
Semi-annual interest payments on the USD AT1 securities are at the absolute discretion of the Overseas Bank and will only be paid if the payment
conditions are satisfied, including that the payment will not result in a breach of the Overseas Bank’s capital requirements under APRA’s
prudential standards; not result in the Overseas Bank becoming, or being likely to become, insolvent; and if APRA does not object to the payment.
Broadly, if for any reason an interest payment has not been paid in full on the relevant payment date, the Overseas Bank must not determine or
pay any dividends on Overseas Bank ordinary shares or undertake a discretionary buy back or capital reduction of Overseas Bank ordinary
shares, unless the unpaid interest is paid in full within 20 business days of the relevant payment date or in certain other circumstances.
Redemption
The Overseas Bank may redeem all (but not some) USD AT1 securities on 21 September 2027 and every fifth anniversary thereafter, or for
certain taxation or regulatory reasons, subject to APRA’s prior written approval.
Conversion
If a capital trigger event or non-viability trigger event occurs, the Overseas Bank must convert some or all of the USD AT1 securities into a
variable number of Overseas Bank ordinary shares calculated using the formula described in the terms of the USD AT1 securities but subject
to a maximum conversion number. The conversion number of the Overseas Bank’s ordinary shares will be calculated using the outstanding
principal amount of each USD AT1 security translated into Australian dollars and the Overseas Bank ordinary share price determined over the
5 business day period prior to the capital trigger event date or non-viability trigger event date and includes a 1% discount. The maximum
conversion number is calculated using the outstanding principal amount of each USD AT1 security translated into Australian dollars at the
time of issue and the Overseas Bank share price which is broadly equivalent to 20% of the Overseas Bank ordinary share price at the time of
issue of the USD AT1 securities.
A capital trigger event occurs when the Overseas Bank determines, or APRA notifies the Overseas Bank in writing that it believes, the
Overseas Bank’s Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio is equal to or less than 5.125% (on a level 1 or level 2 basis). A non-viability trigger
event will occur when APRA notifies the Overseas Bank in writing that it believes conversion of all or some USD AT1 securities (or conversion
or write-down of relevant capital instruments of the Overseas Banking Group), or public sector injection of capital (or equivalent support), in
each case is necessary because without it, the Overseas Bank would become non-viable. No conversion conditions apply in these
circumstances.
If conversion of the USD AT1 securities does not occur within five business days, holders’ rights in relation to the USD AT1 securities will be
immediately and irrevocably terminated.
Tier 2 loan capital
A summary of the key terms and features of the Tier 2 loan capital (‘Tier 2 notes’) is provided below.
$Issue dateCounterpartyInterest rate
Maturity date
Optional redemption date
AU$1,040 million notes
8 September 2015London Branch of theAustralian 90 day bank bill rate + 2.87% p.a.22 March 202622 March 2021
Overseas Bankand every interest payment
date thereafter
Interest payable
Interest payments on the Tier 2 notes are subject to Westpac New Zealand being solvent at the time of, and immediately following the interest
payment. Refer to Note 25.
Early redemption
Westpac New Zealand may elect to redeem all or some of the Tier 2 notes for their face value together with accrued interest (if any) on 22
March 2021 or any interest payment date thereafter, subject to the Reserve Bank’s prior written approval. Early redemption of all of the Tier 2
notes for certain tax or regulatory reasons is permitted on an interest payment date subject to the Reserve Bank’s prior written approval.
Conversion
If a non-viability trigger event occurs, Westpac New Zealand must convert such number of the Tier 2 notes into a variable number of ordinary
shares issued by Westpac New Zealand (calculated with reference to the net assets of Westpac New Zealand and the total number of
ordinary shares on issue on the conversion date) that is sufficient to satisfy the direction of the Reserve Bank or the decision of the statutory
manager. A non-viability trigger event occurs when the Reserve Bank or the statutory manager (appointed pursuant to section 117 of the
Reserve Bank Act) directs Westpac New Zealand to convert or write off all or some of Westpac New Zealand’s Tier 2 notes. If conversion of
the Tier 2 notes fails to take effect within five business days, holders’ rights in relation to the Tier 2 notes will be immediately and irrevocably
terminated.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 28
Note 25 Related entities
Related entities
The NZ Banking Group’s related parties are those it controls or can exert significant influence over. Examples include subsidiaries,
associates, joint ventures and superannuation plans as well as key management personnel and their related parties.
NZ Banking Group
The NZ Banking Group consists of the New Zealand operations of the Overseas Banking Group including the NZ Branch and the following
controlled entities as at 30 September 2017 whose business is required to be reported in the financial statements of the Overseas Banking
Group’s New Zealand business:
Name of Entity
Principal Activity
Notes
BT Financial Group (NZ) Limited ('
BTFGNZL') Holding company
BT Funds Management (NZ) Limited ('
BTNZ')
Funds management company
Capital Finance New Zealand Limited
Finance company
Sie-Lease (New Zealand) Pty Limited
Leasing company
Hastings Forestry Investments Limited
Non-active company
Westpac Financial Services Group-NZ- Limited ('WFSGNZL')
Holding company
Westpac Life-NZ- Limited ('Westpac Life')
Life insurance company
Westpac Nominees -NZ- Limited ('
WNNZL')
1
Nominee company
Westpac Superannuation Nominees-NZ-Limited ('WSNNZL')
Nominee company
Westpac Group Investment-NZ-Limited ('
WGINZL
') Holding company
Westpac Holdings - NZ - Limited ('WHNZL') Holding company
Westpac Capital-NZ- Limited ('WCNZL
') Finance company
Westpac Equity Investments NZ Limited Non-active company
Westpac New Zealand Group Limited ('WNZGL
') Holding company
Westpac New Zealand Limited
Registered bank
Westpac NZ Operations Limited ('WNZOL
')
2
Holding company
Aotearoa Financial Services Limited Non-active company
Number 120 Limited Finance company
The Home Mortgage Company Limited Residential mortgage company
Westpac New Zealand Staff Superannuation Trustee companyEstablished on 30 June 2016
Scheme Trustee Limited (‘
WNZSSSTL’)
3
Westpac (NZ) Investments Limited ('WNZIL') Property company
Westpac Securities NZ Limited ('WSNZL')
Funding company
Westpac NZ Covered Bond Holdings Limited (‘
WNZCBHL’) Holding company19% owned
4
Westpac NZ Covered Bond Limited (‘WNZCBL
’) Guarantor19% owned
4
Westpac NZ Securitisation Holdings Limited (‘
WNZSHL’) Holding company
19% owned
5
Westpac NZ Securitisation Limited (‘WNZSL’) Funding company19% owned
5
Westpac NZ Securitisation No.2 Limited (‘WNZSL2’) Non-active company
19% owned
5
Westpac Cash PIE Fund Portfolio investment entityNot owned
6
Westpac Notice Saver PIE Fund Portfolio investment entity
Not owned
6
Westpac Term PIE Fund Portfolio investment entity
Not owned
6
1
WNNZL had two custodian entities, HLT Custodian Trust and MIF Custodian Trust. They were wound up on 30 November 2016.
2
WNZOL holds 25% equity in Paymark Limited, an associate, which is not a controlled entity.
3
WNZSSSTL, a wholly owned subsidiary of WNZOL was incorporated on 30 June 2016 to provide services as the trustee of the Westpac New Zealand Staff Superannuation Scheme.
4
The NZ Banking Group, through WNZOL (9.5%) and WHNZL (9.5%), has a total qualifying interest of 19% in WNZCBHL and its wholly-owned subsidiary company, WNZCBL. Westpac New
Zealand is considered to control both WNZCBHL and WNZCBL based on contractual arrangements in place, and as such both WNZCBHL and WNZCBL are consolidated within the financial
statements of the NZ Banking Group.
5
The NZ Banking Group, through WNZOL (9.5%) and WHNZL (9.5%), has a total qualifying interest of 19% in WNZSHL and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, WNZSL and WNZSL2. Westpac
New Zealand is considered to control WNZSHL, WNZSL and WNZSL2 based on contractual arrangements in place, and as such WNZSHL, WNZSL and WNZSL2 are consolidated within the
financial statements of the NZ Banking Group.
6
Westpac Term PIE Fund, Westpac Cash PIE Fund and Westpac Notice Saver PIE Fund (collectively referred to as the ‘PIE Funds’) were established as unit trusts. The PIE Funds are
Portfolio Investment Entities (‘PIE’), where BTNZ is the manager and issuer. The manager has appointed Westpac New Zealand to perform all customer management and account
administration for the PIE Funds. Westpac New Zealand is the PIE Funds’ registrar and administration manager. Westpac New Zealand does not hold any units in the PIE Funds however is
considered to control them based on contractual arrangements put in place, and as such the PIE Funds are consolidated in the financial statements of the NZ Banking Group.
There have been no changes in the ownership percentages since 30 September 2016.
All entities in the NZ Banking Group are 100% owned unless otherwise stated. All the entities within the NZ Banking Group have a balance date of
30 September and are incorporated in New Zealand except the PIE Funds which have a balance date of 31 March.
Other significant related entities of the NZ Banking Group include branches of the Overseas Bank based in London, Sydney and New York.
The total liabilities of the NZ Branch, net of amounts due to related entities as at 30 September 2017, amounted to $5,981 million (30 September
2016: $6,189 million).
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 29
Note 25 Related entities (continued)
Nature of transactions
The NZ Banking Group has transactions with members of the Overseas Banking Group on commercial terms, including the provision of
management, distribution and administrative services and data processing facilities.
Loan finance and current account banking facilities are provided by the NZ Branch and the Overseas Bank to members of the NZ Banking Group
on normal commercial terms. The interest earned on these loans and the interest paid on deposits are at market rates.
The NZ Banking Group enters into derivative transactions with the Overseas Bank (refer to Note 26). They are accounted for as trading
derivatives except for cross currency swaps in place with the Overseas Bank, which are designated in a cash flow hedge relationship to hedge the
currency risk exposure of funding from the London Branch and Tier 2 notes issued to the London Branch (refer to Note 24).
Transactions with related entities
$ millions Note
2017 2016
Overseas Bank
Interest income213 7
Interest expense:
Loan capital
1
52
57
Other275
79
Operating expenses - management fees7 6
Funding received-
911
Funding repaid421
1,238
Other controlled entities of the Overseas Bank
Interest expense:
Loan capital
2
- 21
Non interest income:
Investment management fees paid
3
7 5
Loan capital repaid
4
- 762
WGINZL dividend paid to Westpac Overseas Holdings Pty Limited and Westpac Custodian Nominees Pty Limited4
34
WFSGNZL dividend paid to Westpac Equity Holdings Pty Limited ('WEHPL')16 50
BTFGNZL dividend paid to WEHPL16
27
WNZGL dividend paid to Westpac Overseas Holdings No. 2 Pty Limited280 -
NZ Banking Group
1
Interest expense paid on the Tier 2 notes issued by the NZ Banking Group and held by related parties.
2
Interest expense paid on the junior subordinated convertible debentures to the trustee of the Tavarua Funding Trust IV.
3
Non-interest income contains management fee income which is presented net of investment management fees paid to related parties.
4
On 31 March 2016, the NZ Banking Group repaid the US$525 million (NZ$762 million) of junior subordinated convertible debentures to the trustee of the Tavarua Funding Trust IV, a member
of the Overseas Banking Group.
Due from and to related entities
$ millions 2017 2016
Due from related entities
Overseas Bank2,622 1,218
Other controlled entities of the Overseas Banking Group1 -
Total due from related entities2,623 1,218
Due from related entities at fair value410 694
Due from related entities at amortised cost2,213 524
Total due from related entities2,623 1,218
Due to related entities
Overseas Bank3,642 3,521
Other controlled entities of the Overseas Banking Group4 4
Total due to related entities3,646 3,525
Due to related entities at fair value575 881
Due to related entities at amortised cost3,071 2,644
Total due to related entities3,646 3,525
NZ Banking Group
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 30
Note 25 Related entities (continued)
Key management personnel compensation
Key management personnel are those who, directly or indirectly, have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the
activities of NZ Banking Group. This includes all Executive and Non-Executive Directors.
Year Ended
Year Ended
$'000s
30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
Salaries and other short-term benefits 8,527
8,418
Post-employment benefits 492 496
Share-based payments 2,779
2,582
Total key management personnel compensation 11,798 11,496
Loans to key management personnel 22,769 17,388
Deposits from key management personnel 1,229
1,132
Interest income on amounts due from key management personnel 842 702
Interest expense on amounts due to key management personnel 19 36
NZ Banking Group
Where the Directors of the Overseas Bank have received remuneration from the NZ Banking Group, the amounts are included above. Details of
Directors’ remuneration are disclosed in the Overseas Banking Group’s 30 September 2017 Annual Financial Report.
Loans and deposits with key management personnel
All loans and deposits are made in the ordinary course of business of the NZ Banking Group, on an arm’s length basis and on normal commercial
terms and conditions. Loans are on terms that range between variable, fixed rate up to five years and interest only loans, all of which are in
accordance with the NZ Banking Group’s lending policies.
As at 30 September 2017, no provisions have been recognised in respect of loans given to key management personnel and their related parties
(30 September 2016: nil).
Other key management personnel transactions
All other transactions with key management personnel, their related entities and other related parties are conducted on an arm’s length basis in
the normal course of business and on commercial terms and conditions. These transactions principally involve the provision of financial and
investment services.
Note 26 Derivative financial instruments
Accounting policy
Derivative financial instruments are instruments whose values derive from the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and include
forwards, futures, swaps and options.
All derivatives are held at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognised in the income statement, unless designated in a cash flow hedge
relationship. Derivatives are presented as an asset where they have a positive fair value at balance date or as a liability where the fair value at
balance date is negative. Derivatives with related parties are included in due from/due to related entities.
The NZ Banking Group uses derivative instruments for trading and also as part of its asset and liability risk management activities, which are
discussed in Note 36. Derivatives used for risk management activities include designating derivatives into one of two types of hedge accounting
relationships: fair value hedge or cash flow hedge, where permitted under NZ IAS 39. These hedge designations and associated accounting
treatment are as follows:
Fair value hedges
Fair value hedges hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or liability.
Changes in the fair value of derivatives and the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability in fair value hedges attributable to the
hedged risk are recognised in net interest income. The carrying value of the hedged asset or liability is adjusted for the changes in fair value.
If a hedge is discontinued, any fair value adjustments to the carrying value of the asset or liability are amortised to net interest income over
the period to maturity. If the asset or liability is sold, any unamortised adjustment is immediately recognised in the income statement.
Cash flow hedges
Cash flow hedges hedge the exposure to variability of cash flows attributable to an asset, liability or future forecast transaction.
For effective hedges, changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in the cash flow hedging reserve through other comprehensive
income and subsequently recognised in net interest income when the asset or liability that was hedged impacts the income statement.
For hedges with some ineffectiveness, the changes in the fair value of the derivatives relating to the ineffective portion are immediately recognised
in the income statement.
If a hedge is discontinued, any cumulative gain or loss remains in other comprehensive income. It is amortised to net interest income over the
period which the asset or liability that was hedged also impacts the income statement.
If a hedge of a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, any cumulative gain or loss in other comprehensive income is immediately
recognised in the income statement.
Derivatives of the NZ Banking Group are mainly held either in the NZ Branch or Westpac New Zealand.
Trading
As a trader, the NZ Branch’s primary objective is to derive income from the sale of derivatives to meet the NZ Banking Group’s customers’ needs.
In addition to the sale of derivatives to customers, the NZ Branch also undertakes market making and risk management activities. Market making
involves providing quotes to other dealers, who reciprocate by providing the NZ Branch with their own quotes. This process provides liquidity in
the key markets in which the NZ Branch operates.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 31
Note 26 Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Fair value hedges
The NZ Banking Group hedges a proportion of its interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk from debt issuances and fixed interest rate assets
with single currency and cross currency swaps.
$ millions
2017
2016
Change in fair value of hedging instruments
10 15
Change in fair value of hedged items attributed to hedged risk
(16)
(15)
Ineffectiveness in non-interest income(6) -
NZ Banking Group
Cash flow hedges
Exposure to the volatility of interest cash flows from customer deposits and loans is hedged with interest rate derivatives. Exposure to foreign
currency principal and interest cash flows from floating rate debt issuances is hedged through the use of cross currency derivatives.
Gross cash inflows and outflows on derivatives designated in cash flow hedges are, as a proportion of total gross cash flows, expected to occur in
the following periods:
Less Than 1 Month to 3 Months to 1 Year to 2 Years to 3 Years to 4 Years to Over
1 Month 3 Months 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 5 Years
Cash inflows11%1%5%19%7%23%20%14%
Cash outflows11%1%6%18%8%23%19%14%
NZ Banking Group
2017
Less Than 1 Month to
3 Months to 1 Year to 2 Years to 3 Years to 4 Years to Over
1 Month
3 Months 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years
5 Years 5 Years
Cash inflows0%3%31%12%
14%13%18%9%
Cash outflows0%3%32%13%13%
13%18%8%
NZ Banking Group
2016
$ millions 2017 2016
Cash flow hedge ineffectiveness(4) 4
NZ Banking Group
Dual fair value and cash flow hedges
Fixed rate foreign currency denominated debt is hedged using cross currency interest rate derivatives, designated as fair value hedges of foreign
interest rates and cash flow hedges of foreign exchange rates.
The notional amount and fair value of derivative instruments held for trading and designated in hedge relationships are set out in the following
tables:
Derivatives held with external counterparties
Notional
$ millionsAmount Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Interest rate contracts
Futures contracts
1
14,827 - - - - - - - -
Swap agreements241,031 2,860 (2,507) 21 (296) 36 (129) 2,917 (2,932)
Options193 - - - - - - - -
Total interest rate contracts256,051 2,860 (2,507) 21 (296) 36 (129) 2,917 (2,932)
Foreign exchange contracts
Spot and forward contracts13,255 92 (112) - - - - 92 (112)
Cross currency swap agreements
64,821 920 (821) 31 (5) 170 (315) 1,121 (1,141)
Total foreign exchange
contracts78,076 1,012 (933) 31 (5) 170 (315) 1,213 (1,253)
Total of gross derivatives334,127 3,872 (3,440) 52 (301) 206 (444) 4,130 (4,185)
Impact of netting arrangements
2
- (710) 710 - - - - (710) 710
Total of net derivatives334,127 3,162 (2,730) 52 (301) 206 (444) 3,420 (3,475)
NZ Banking Group
Hedging
Total
TradingFair ValueCash FlowFair Value
2017
Fair Value
1
The fair value differential of futures contracts are settled daily with the exchange. The notional balance represents open contracts as at 30 September.
2
Amounts offset against derivatives consist of NZ Branch derivative trades settled directly with a central clearing counterparty. Refer to Note 28.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 32
Note 26 Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Notional
$ millionsAmount Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Interest rate contracts
Futures contracts
1
15,273 - - - - - - - -
Forward rate agreements1,225 - - - - - - - -
Swap agreements257,354 4,690 (4,268) 29 (394) 69 (245) 4,788 (4,907)
Options1,181 2 - - - - - 2 -
Total interest rate contracts275,033 4,692 (4,268) 29 (394) 69 (245) 4,790 (4,907)
Foreign exchange contracts
Spot and forward contracts17,295 179 (255) - - - - 179 (255)
Cross currency swap agreements51,204 835 (1,222) 90 118 11 (1,037) 936 (2,141)
Total foreign exchange
contracts
68,499 1,014 (1,477) 90 118 11 (1,037) 1,115 (2,396)
Total of gross derivatives343,532 5,706 (5,745) 119 (276) 80 (1,282) 5,905 (7,303)
Impact of netting arrangements
2
- (1,067) 1,067 - - - - (1,067) 1,067
Total of net derivatives343,532 4,639 (4,678) 119 (276) 80 (1,282) 4,838 (6,236)
NZ Banking Group
Hedging
Total
TradingFair ValueCash FlowFair Value
2016
Fair Value
1
The fair value differential of futures contracts are settled daily with the exchange. The notional balance represents open contracts as at 30 September.
2
Amounts offset against derivatives consist of NZ Branch derivative trades settled directly with a central clearing counterparty. Refer to Note 28.
Derivatives held with related parties
Notional
$ millionsAmount Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Interest rate contracts
Swap agreements18,605 137 (235) - - - - 137 (235)
Options108 - - - - - - - -
Total interest rate contracts18,713 137 (235) - - - - 137 (235)
Foreign exchange contracts
Spot and forward contracts15,345 133 (103) - - - - 133 (103)
Cross currency swap agreements
15,472 140 (175) - - - (62) 140 (237)
Total foreign exchange
contracts30,817 273 (278) - - - (62) 273 (340)
Total of gross derivatives49,530 410 (513) - - - (62) 410 (575)
Impact of netting arrangements- - - - - - - - -
Total of net derivatives49,530 410 (513) - - - (62) 410 (575)
NZ Banking Group
2017
Fair Value
Hedging
Total
TradingFair ValueCash FlowFair Value
Notional
$ millionsAmount
Assets Liabilities
Assets Liabilities Assets
Liabilities Assets Liabilities
Interest rate contracts
Swap agreements16,534
252 (326)
- -
-
- 252
(326)
Total interest rate contracts16,534
252 (326)
-
- -
- 252
(326)
Foreign exchange contracts
Spot and forward contracts26,332
316 (211) -
- - -
316 (211)
Cross currency swap agreements14,093
126 (232) -
- - (112)
126 (344)
Options178
-
- -
- - - -
-
Total foreign exchange
contracts
40,603 442
(443) -
- - (112)
442 (555)
Total of gross derivatives57,137 694 (769)
- - - (112) 694 (881)
Impact of netting arrangements-
- - -
- - -
- -
Total of net derivatives57,137
694 (769) - - -
(112) 694 (881)
Hedging
Total
TradingFair ValueCash FlowFair Value
2016
Fair Value
NZ Banking Group
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 33
Note 27 Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities
Accounting policy
The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date.
On initial recognition, the transaction price generally represents the fair value of the financial instrument unless there is observable information
from an active market to the contrary. Where unobservable information is used, the difference between the transaction price and the fair value
(day one profit or loss) is only recognised in the income statement when the inputs become observable, or over the life of the instrument.
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates
The majority of valuation models used by the NZ Banking Group employ only observable market data as inputs. However, for certain financial
instruments, data may be employed which is not readily observable in current markets.
The availability of observable inputs is influenced by factors such as:
product type;
depth of market activity;
maturity of market models; and
complexity of the transaction.
Where unobservable market data is used, more judgment is required to determine fair value. The significance of these judgments depends on the
significance of the unobservable input to the overall valuation. Unobservable inputs are generally derived from other relevant market data and
adjusted against:
standard industry practice;
economic models; and
observed transaction prices.
In order to determine a reliable fair value for a financial instrument, management may apply adjustments to the techniques previously described.
These adjustments reflect the NZ Banking Group’s assessment of factors that market participants would consider in setting the fair value.
These adjustments incorporate bid/offer spreads, credit valuation adjustments and funding valuation adjustments.
Fair Valuation Control Framework
The NZ Banking Group uses a Fair Valuation Control Framework where the fair value is either determined or validated by a function independent
of the transaction. This framework formalises the policies and procedures used to achieve compliance with relevant accounting, industry and
regulatory standards. The framework includes specific controls relating to:
the revaluation of financial instruments;
independent price verification;
fair value adjustments; and
financial reporting.
A key element of the Framework is the Revaluation Committee, comprising senior valuation specialists from within the Overseas Banking Group.
The Revaluation Committee reviews the application of the agreed policies and procedures to assess that a fair value measurement basis has
been applied.
The method of determining fair value differs depending on the information available.
Fair value hierarchy
A financial instrument’s categorisation within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement.
The NZ Banking Group categorises all fair value instruments according to the hierarchy described below.
Valuation techniques
The NZ Banking Group applies market accepted valuation techniques in determining the fair valuation of Over the Counter derivatives. This
includes credit valuation adjustments and funding valuation adjustments, which incorporates credit risk and funding costs and benefits that arise in
relation to uncollateralised derivative positions, respectively.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 34
Note 27 Fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
The specific valuation techniques, the observability of the inputs used in valuation models and the subsequent classification for each significant
product category are outlined below:
Financial instruments measured at fair value
Level 1 instruments
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets based on recent unadjusted quoted prices. These prices are based on actual arm’s
length basis transactions.
The valuations of Level 1 instruments require little or no management judgment.
Instrument Balance sheet
category
Includes: Valuation technique
Exchange traded
products
Derivative financial
instruments
Due from related entities
Due to related entities
Exchange traded interest
rate futures – derivative
financial instruments
These instruments are traded in liquid, active markets where prices
are readily observable. No modelling or assumptions are used in the
valuation.
Foreign exchange
products
Derivative financial
instruments
FX spot contracts
Non-asset backed
debt instruments
Trading securities and
financial assets
designated at fair value
Available-for-sale
securities
Other financial liabilities
at fair value through
income statement
New Zealand Government
bonds
Level 2 instruments
The fair value for financial instruments that are not actively traded are determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of
observable market prices. Valuation techniques include:
the use of market standard discounting methodologies;
option pricing models; and
other valuation techniques widely used and accepted by market participants.
Instrument Balance sheet
category
Includes: Valuation technique
Interest rate
products
Derivative financial
instruments
Due from related entities
Due to related entities
Interest rate swaps and
options – derivative
financial instruments
Industry standard valuation models are used to calculate the expected
future value of payments by product, which are discounted back to a
present value. The model’s interest rate inputs are benchmark interest
rates and active broker quoted interest rates in the swap, bond and
futures markets. Interest rate volatilities are sourced from brokers and
consensus data providers.
Foreign exchange
products
Derivative financial
instruments
Due from related entities
Due to related entities
FX swaps and FX forward
contracts – derivative
financial instruments
Derived from market observable inputs or consensus pricing providers
using industry standard models.
Asset backed debt
instruments
Trading securities and
financial assets
designated at fair value
Available-for-sale
securities
Asset backed securities
Valued using an industry approach to value floating rate debt with
prepayment features. The main inputs to the model are the trading
margin and the weighted average life of the security. These inputs are
sourced from a consensus data provider. If consensus prices are not
available these are classified as Level 3 instruments.
Non-asset backed
debt instruments
Trading securities and
financial assets
designated at fair value
Available-for-sale
securities
Other financial liabilities
at fair value through
income statement
Local authority and NZ
public securities, other bank
issued certificates of
deposit, commercial paper,
other government securities,
off-shore securities and
corporate bonds
Security repurchase
agreements and reverse
repurchase agreements
over non-asset backed debt
securities with third parties
Valued using observable market prices which are sourced from
consensus pricing services, broker quotes or inter-dealer prices.
Certificates of
deposit
Deposits and other
borrowings
Certificates of deposit
Discounted cash flow using market rates offered for deposits of similar
remaining maturities.
Debt issues at fair
value
Debt issues Debt issues
Discounted cash flows, using a discount rate which reflects the terms
of the instrument and the timing of cash flows adjusted for market
observable changes in the applicable credit rating of Westpac New
Zealand.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 35
Note 27 Fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
Instrument Balance sheet
category
Includes: Valuation technique
Life insurance
assets
Life insurance assets
Local authority securities,
investment grade corporate
bonds and units in unlisted
unit trusts
Valued using observable market prices or other widely used and
accepted valuation techniques utilising observable market inputs.
Level 3 instruments
Financial instruments valued where at least one input that could have a significant effect on the instrument’s valuation is not based on observable
market data due to illiquidity or complexity of the product. These inputs are generally derived and extrapolated from other relevant market data
and calibrated against current market trends and historical transactions.
These valuations are calculated using a high degree of management judgment.
Instrument Balance sheet
category
Includes: Valuation technique
Asset backed debt
instruments
Trading securities and
financial assets
designated at fair value
Residential mortgage-
backed securities (‘RMBS’)
and certain other asset
backed securities
RMBS are classified as Level 3 as consensus prices are not available
as valuation inputs. Quotes by a third party broker or lead manager
are used to derive the fair value for these instruments.
Interest rate
derivatives
Derivative financial
instruments
Non-vanilla interest rate
(inflation indexed)
derivatives and long-dated
NZD caps
Valued using industry standard valuation models utilising observable
market inputs which are determined separately for each parameter.
Where unobservable, inputs will be set with reference to an
observable proxy.
The table below summarises the attribution of financial instruments carried at fair value to the fair value hierarchy:
$ millionsLevel 1 Level 2
Level 3
1
Total Level 1 Level 2
Level 3
1
Total
Financial assets measured at fair value on a
recurring basis
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair
value
91 3,800 58 3,949 668 3,268 99 4,035
Derivative financial instruments1 3,419 - 3,420 - 4,833 5 4,838
Available-for-sale securities1,556 2,531 - 4,087 1,608 2,182 - 3,790
Life insurance assets- 304 - 304 - 269 - 269
Due from related entities1 409 - 410 - 694 - 694
Total financial assets carried at fair value1,649 10,463 58 12,170 2,276 11,246 104 13,626
Financial liabilities measured at fair value on
a recurring basis
Deposits and other borrowings at fair value- 593 - 593 - 1,250 - 1,250
Other financial liabilities at fair value
through income statement39 263 - 302 132 444 - 576
Derivative financial instruments- 3,475 - 3,475 - 6,236 - 6,236
Due to related entities1 574 - 575 - 881 - 881
Debt issues at fair value- 1,642 - 1,642 - 2,410 - 2,410
Total financial liabilities carried at fair value40 6,547 - 6,587 132 11,221 - 11,353
NZ Banking Group
2016
2017
1
Balances within this category of the fair value hierarchy are not considered material to the total trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value and derivative financial
instruments balances.
There were no material amounts of changes in fair value estimated using a valuation technique incorporating significant non-observable inputs
that were recognised in the income statement or the statement of comprehensive income of the NZ Banking Group during the year ended 30
September 2017 (30 September 2016: no material changes in fair value).
Analysis of movements between Fair Value Hierarchy Levels
During the year there were no material transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy (30 September 2016: nil).
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 36
Note 27 Fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
Financial instruments not measured at fair value
For financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value has been derived as follows:
Instrument Valuation technique
Loans
Where available, the fair value of loans is based on observable market transactions; otherwise fair value is estimated
using discounted cash flow models. For variable rate loans, the discount rate used is the current effective interest
rate. The discount rate applied for fixed rate loans reflects the market rate for the maturity of the loan and the credit
worthiness of the borrower.
Deposits and
other borrowings
Fair values of deposit liabilities payable on demand (interest free, interest bearing and savings deposits) approximate
their carrying value. Fair values for term deposits are estimated using discounted cash flows, applying market rates
offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
Debt issues and
loan capital
Fair values are calculated using a discounted cash flow model. The discount rates applied reflect the terms of the
instruments, the timing of the estimated cash flows and are adjusted for any changes in the applicable credit
spreads.
Due to related
entities
Fair values are calculated in respect of long-term debt using a discounted cash flow model. The discount rate applied
reflects the terms of the loan and the timing of the estimated cash flows. The carrying value of all other balances due
to related entities approximates the fair value. These items are either short-term in nature or re-price frequently.
All other financial
assets and
financial
liabilities
For all other financial assets and financial liabilities, the carrying value approximates the fair value. These items are
either short-term in nature or re-price frequently, and are of a high credit rating.
The tables below summarise the estimated fair value and the attribution of the financial assets and liabilities to the fair value hierarchy of
financial instruments not measured at fair value:
Carrying
$ millionsAmount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial assets not measured at fair value
Cash and balances with central banks1,761 1,761 - - 1,761
Receivables due from other financial institutions471 431 40 - 471
Other assets378 - - 378 378
Loans77,681 - - 77,717 77,717
Due from related entities2,213 - 2,212 1 2,213
Total financial assets82,504 2,192 2,252 78,096 82,540
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value
Payables due to other financial institutions1,043 210 833 - 1,043
Other liabilities 521 - 521 - 521
Deposits and other borrowings58,405 - 57,849 601 58,450
Due to related entities3,071 - 3,084 - 3,084
Debt issues 15,087 - 15,259 - 15,259
Loan capital2,822 - 1,733 1,188 2,921
Total financial liabilities80,949 210 79,279 1,789 81,278
NZ Banking Group
2017
Fair Value
Carrying
$ millionsAmount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Financial assets not measured at fair value
Cash and balances with central banks1,472 1,472 - -
1,472
Receivables due from other financial institutions844 786
58 - 844
Other assets254 - - 254 254
Loans75,582 - -
75,831 75,831
Due from related entities
524 - 524
- 524
Total financial assets78,676 2,258 582 76,085 78,925
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value
Payables due to other financial institutions616 91 525 - 616
Other liabilities
465 - 465 - 465
Deposits and other borrowings57,541 - 57,070 527 57,597
Due to related entities2,644 - 2,658 - 2,658
Debt issues 12,317 - 12,473 - 12,473
Loan capital1,091 - - 1,111 1,111
Total financial liabilities74,674 91 73,191 1,638 74,920
Fair Value
NZ Banking Group
2016
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 37
Note 28 Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities
Accounting policy
Financial assets and liabilities are presented net on the balance sheet when the NZ Banking Group has a legally enforceable right to offset them in
all circumstances and there is an intention to settle the asset and liability on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability
simultaneously. The gross assets and liabilities behind the net amounts reported on the balance sheet are disclosed in the table below.
Some of the NZ Banking Group’s offsetting arrangements are not enforceable in all circumstances. The assets and liabilities under such
agreements are also disclosed in the table below, to illustrate the net balance sheet amount if these future events should occur. The amounts in
the tables below may not tie back to the balance sheet if there are balances which are not subject to offsetting arrangements. The amounts
presented in this note do not represent the credit risk exposure of the NZ Banking Group. Refer to Note 36.2 for information on credit risk
management. The offsetting and collateral arrangements and other credit risk mitigation strategies used by the NZ Banking Group are further
explained in the ‘Management of risk mitigation’ section under Note 36.2.
Net Amounts Other
Reported Recognised Financial
Gross Amounts on the Financial Cash Instrument
$ millionsAmounts Offset Balance Sheet Instruments Collateral Collateral Net amount
Assets
Securities purchased under agreement
to resell
1
757 - 757 - - (754) 3
Derivative financial instruments4,130 (710) 3,420 (1,731) (58) - 1,631
Due from related entities - derivative
financial instruments
2
410 - 410 (410) - - -
Total assets5,297 (710) 4,587 (2,141) (58) (754) 1,634
Liabilities
Security repurchase agreements
3
235 - 235 - - (235) -
Derivative financial instruments4,185 (710) 3,475 (1,731) (332) - 1,412
Due to related entities - derivative
financial instruments
4
575 - 575 (410) - - 165
Total liabilities 4,995 (710) 4,285 (2,141) (332) (235) 1,577
NZ Banking Group
2017
Amounts Subject to Enforceable
Netting Arrangements But Not Offset
Effects of Offsetting on Balance Sheet
Net Amounts Other
Reported Recognised
Financial
Gross
Amounts on the Financial
Cash Instrument
$ millions
Amounts Offset
Balance Sheet Instruments Collateral
Collateral
Net amount
Assets
Securities purchased under agreement
to resell
1
311 -
311
-
-
(311) -
Derivative financial instruments5,905
(1,067) 4,838
(3,749) (71)
-
1,018
Due from related entities - derivative
financial instruments
2
694 -
694
(694) -
- -
Total assets6,910
(1,067)
5,843 (4,443)
(71) (311)
1,018
Liabilities
Security repurchase agreements
3
444 -
444 -
- (444)
-
Derivative financial instruments7,303 (1,067) 6,236 (3,749)
(781) - 1,706
Due to related entities - derivative
financial instruments
4
881 -
881 (694)
- -
187
Total liabilities 8,628
(1,067) 7,561 (4,443)
(781) (444) 1,893
Effects of Offsetting on Balance Sheet
NZ Banking Group
2016
Netting Arrangements But Not Offset
Amounts Subject to Enforceable
1
Forms part of trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value on the balance sheet (refer to Note 11).
2
Forms part of due from related entities on the balance sheet (refer to Note 25).
3
Forms part of other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement on the balance sheet (refer to Note 21).
4
Forms part of due to related entities on the balance sheet (refer to Note 25).
Other recognised financial instruments
These financial assets and liabilities are subject to master netting agreements which are not enforceable in all circumstances, so they are
recognised gross on the balance sheet. The offsetting rights of the master netting arrangements can only be enforced if a predetermined
event occurs in the future, such as a counterparty defaulting.
Cash collateral and financial instrument collateral
These amounts are received or pledged under master netting arrangements against the gross amounts of assets and liabilities. Financial
instrument collateral typically comprises securities which can be readily liquidated in the event of counterparty default. The offsetting rights of
the master netting arrangement can only be enforced if a predetermined event occurs in the future, such as a counterparty defaulting.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 38
Note 29 Operating lease commitments
The NZ Banking Group leases various commercial and retail premises and related plant and equipment. The lease commitments at 30 September
are as follows:
$ millions
2017 2016
Due within one year55
57
Due after one year but not later than five years
141
141
Due after five years
159 16
Total lease commitments355 214
NZ Banking Group
Operating leases are entered into to meet the business needs of entities in the NZ Banking Group. Lease rentals are determined in
accordance with market conditions when leases are entered into or on rental review dates.
Note 30 Credit related commitments, contingent assets and contingent liabilities
Undrawn credit commitments
The NZ Banking Group enters into various arrangements with customers which are only recognised on the balance sheet when called upon.
These arrangements include commitments to extend credit, bill endorsements, financial guarantees, standby letters of credit and underwriting
facilities.
They expose the NZ Banking Group to liquidity risk when called upon and also to credit risk if the customer fails to repay the amounts owed at the
due date. The maximum exposure to credit loss is the contractual or notional amount of the instruments disclosed below. Some of the
arrangements can be cancelled by the NZ Banking Group at any time and a significant portion is expected to expire without being drawn. The
actual required liquidity and credit risk exposure is therefore less than the amounts disclosed. The NZ Banking Group uses the same credit
policies when entering into these arrangements as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Refer to Note 36 for further details on liquidity risk
and credit risk management.
Westpac New Zealand is obliged to repurchase any loan sold to and held by:
(a) WNZSL (pursuant to its securitisation programme) where the loan does not meet certain terms and conditions of the WNZSL securitisation
programme;
(b) WNZCBL (pursuant to the CB Programme) where:
(i) it is discovered that there has been a material breach of a sale warranty (or any such sale warranty is materially untrue);
(ii) the loan becomes materially impaired or is enforced prior to the second monthly covered bond payment date falling after the assignment
of the loan; or
(iii) at the cut-off date relating to the loan, there were arrears of interest and that loan subsequently becomes a delinquent loan prior to the
second monthly covered bond payment date falling after the assignment of the loan.
It is not envisaged that any liability resulting in material loss to the NZ Banking Group will arise from these obligations.
$ millions2017 2016
Letters of credit and guarantees
1
1,041 1,347
Commitments to extend credit
2
24,919 23,988
Other10 -
Total undrawn credit commitments25,970 25,335
NZ Banking Group
1
Letters of credit and guarantees are undertakings to pay, against presentation documents, an obligation in the event of a default by a customer. Guarantees are unconditional undertakings
given to support the obligations of a customer to third parties. The NZ Banking Group may hold cash as collateral for certain guarantees issued.
2
Commitments to extend credit include all obligations on the part of the NZ Banking Group to provide credit facilities. As facilities may expire without being drawn upon, the notional amounts do
not necessarily reflect future cash requirements.
Contingent assets
The credit commitments shown in the table above also constitute contingent assets. These commitments would be classified as loans on the
balance sheet on the contingent event occurring.
Contingent liabilities
The NZ Banking Group has contingent liabilities in respect of actual and potential claims and proceedings. An assessment of the NZ Banking
Group’s likely loss in respect of these matters has been made on a case-by-case basis and provision has been made in these financial statements
where appropriate.
Additional information relating to any provision or contingent liability has not been provided where disclosure of such information might be
expected to seriously prejudice the position of the NZ Banking Group.
WNZIL, a subsidiary of Westpac New Zealand, leases the majority of the properties occupied by the NZ Banking Group. Westpac New Zealand
guarantees a significant portion of lease obligations. As is normal practice, the lease agreements contain ‘make good’ provisions which require
WNZIL, upon termination of the lease, to return the premises to the lessor in the original condition. The maximum amount payable by WNZIL upon
vacation of all leased premises subject to these provisions as at 30 September 2017 was estimated to be $30 million (30 September 2016: $31
million).
No amount has been recognised for the $30 million in estimated maximum vacation payments as the NZ Banking Group believes it is highly
unlikely that WNZIL would incur a material operating loss as a result of such ‘make good’ provisions in the normal course of its business
operations.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 39
Note 31 Segment reporting
Accounting policy
Operating segments are presented on a basis that is consistent with information provided internally to the NZ Banking Group’s chief operating
decision-makers and reflects the management of the business, rather than the legal structure of the NZ Banking Group. The chief operating
decision-maker is the person or group that allocates resources to and assesses the performance of the operating segments of an entity. The NZ
Banking Group has determined that the NZ Banking Group executive team is its chief operating decision-maker.
All transactions between business segments are conducted on an arm’s length basis, with inter-segment revenue and costs being eliminated at
head office. Income and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining business segment performance.
The NZ Banking Group operates predominantly in the consumer banking and wealth, commercial, corporate and institutional banking, and
investments and insurance sectors within New Zealand. On this basis, no geographical segment reporting is provided.
The operating segment results have been presented on a management reporting basis and consequently internal charges and transfer pricing
adjustments have been reflected in the performance of each operating segment. Intersegment pricing is determined on a cost recovery basis.
The NZ Banking Group does not rely on any single major customer for its revenue base.
Comparative information for the year ended 30 September 2016 has been restated following customer segmentation changes, as well as changes
to the net interest income in the operating segments, as a result of the Overseas Bank updating its capital allocation framework. Comparative
information has been restated to ensure consistent presentation with the current reporting period. The revised presentation has no impact on total
profit before income tax expense for the year ended 30 September 2016.
The NZ Banking Group’s operating segments are defined by the customers they serve and the services they provide. The NZ Banking Group has
identified the following main operating segments:
Consumer Banking and Wealth provides financial services predominantly for individuals;
Commercial, Corporate and Institutional Banking provides a broad range of financial services for commercial, corporate, property finance,
agricultural, institutional and government customers, and the supply of derivatives and risk management products to the entire Westpac
customer base in New Zealand; and
Investments and Insurance provides funds management and insurance services.
Reconciling items primarily represent:
business units that do not meet the definition of operating segments under NZ IFRS 8 Operating Segments;
elimination entries on consolidation/aggregation of the results, assets and liabilities of the NZ Banking Group’s controlled entities in the
preparation of the aggregated financial statements of the NZ Banking Group; and
results of certain business units excluded for management reporting purposes, but included within the aggregated financial statements of the
NZ Banking Group for statutory financial reporting purposes.
ConsumerCommercial,Investments
Banking and
Corporate andand
Reconciling
$ millions
WealthInstitutionalInsuranceItems
Total
For the year ended 30 September 2017
Net interest income1,063
715191,788
Non-interest income220288131(14)625
Net operating income before operating expenses and impairment1,2831,003132(5)2,413
Net operating income from external customers1,7471,323136(793)2,413
Net internal interest expense(464)(320)(4)788-
Net operating income before operating expenses and impairment1,2831,003132(5)2,413
Operating expenses(709)(250)(29)(18)(1,006)
Impairment (charges)/benefits(34)97-1376
Profit before income tax540850103(10)1,483
Total gross loans44,70733,294-3078,031
Total deposits34,04424,361-59358,998
For the year ended 30 September 2016
Net interest income/(expense)1,032736(4)101,774
Non-interest income
230
246128(16)588
Net operating income before operating expenses and impairment1,262982124(6)2,362
Net operating income from external customers1,7531,345129(865)2,362
Net internal interest expense(491)(363)(5)859-
Net operating income before operating expenses and impairment1,262982124(6)2,362
Operating expenses(711)(247)(26)31(953)
Impairment charges(28)(29)-(16)(73)
Profit before income tax5237069891,336
Total gross loans42,69533,288-3476,017
Total deposits32,83024,711-1,25058,791
NZ Banking Group
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 40
Note 32 Securitisation, covered bonds and other transferred assets
The NZ Banking Group enters into transactions in the normal course of business by which financial assets are transferred to counterparties or
structured entities. Depending on the circumstances, these transfers may result in derecognition of the assets in their entirety, partial derecognition
or no derecognition of the assets subject to the transfer. For the NZ Banking Group’s accounting policy on derecognition of financial assets, refer
to Note 1.
Securitisation
Securitisation is the transferring of assets (or an interest in either the assets or the cash flows arising from the assets) to a structured entity
which then issues interest bearing debt securities to third party investors.
Own assets securitised
Securitisation of its own assets is used by the NZ Banking Group as a funding and liquidity tool.
For securitisation structured entities which the NZ Banking Group controls, as defined in Note 33, the structured entities are classified as
subsidiaries and consolidated. When assessing whether the NZ Banking Group controls a structured entity, it considers its exposure to and
ability to affect variable returns. The NZ Banking Group may have variable returns from a structured entity through ongoing exposures to the
risks and rewards associated with the assets, the provision of derivatives, liquidity facilities, trust management and operational services.
In October 2008, WNZSL was set up as part of Westpac New Zealand’s internal residential mortgage-backed securitisation programme.
Under this programme Westpac New Zealand sold the rights (but not the obligations) of a pool of housing loans to WNZSL. The purchase was
funded by WNZSL’s issuance of residential mortgage-backed securities (‘RMBS’). The RMBS and an equivalent liability in the form of a
deemed loan from Westpac New Zealand to WNZSL, are fully eliminated in the NZ Banking Group’s financial statements. Refer to Note 30 for
a description of the NZ Banking Group’s obligation to repurchase certain housing loans sold to WNZSL.
Covered bonds
The NZ Banking Group has a covered bond programme whereby selected pools of housing loans it originates are assigned to a bankruptcy
remote structured entity. WNZCBL is a special purpose entity established to purchase from time to time, and hold the rights, but not the
obligations of a pool of housing loans (‘cover pool’) and to provide a financial guarantee (in addition to that of Westpac New Zealand) in
respect of obligations under the covered bonds issued from time to time by WSNZL under the CB Programme. That financial guarantee is
supported by WNZCBL granting security in favour of the covered bondholders over the cover pool.
The intercompany loan made by Westpac New Zealand to WNZCBL to fund the initial purchase (and subsequent further purchases which
increased the cover pool) and the liability representing the deemed loan from WNZCBL to Westpac New Zealand are fully eliminated in the NZ
Banking Group’s financial statements. Refer to Note 30 for a description of the NZ Banking Group’s obligation to repurchase certain housing
loans sold to WNZCBL.
Security repurchase agreements
Where securities are sold subject to an agreement to repurchase at a predetermined price, they remain recognised on the balance sheet in
their original category (i.e. trading securities or available-for-sale securities).
The cash consideration received is recognised as a liability (security repurchase agreements). Refer to Notes 17 and 21 for further details.
The following table presents the NZ Banking Group’s assets transferred and their associated liabilities:
Carrying Carrying
amount of amount of Fair value of Fair value of
transferred associated transferred associated Net fair value
$ millionsassets liabilities assets liabilities position
2017
Securitisation - own assets
1
5,034 5,013 5,018 5,013 5
Covered bonds
2
7,535 5,246 n/a n/a n/a
Security repurchase agreements235 235 n/a n/a n/a
Total12,804 10,494 5,018 5,013 5
2016
Securitisation - own assets
1
5,036 5,014 5,020 5,014 6
Covered bonds
2
7,541 3,487 n/a n/a n/a
Security repurchase agreements
444 444 n/a n/a n/a
Total13,021 8,945 5,020 5,014 6
NZ Banking Group
For those liabilities that only have
recourse to the transferred assets:
1
The most senior rated securities at 30 September 2017 of $4,700 million (30 September 2016: $4,750 million) qualify as eligible collateral for repurchase agreements with the Reserve Bank.
Westpac New Zealand takes advantage of the Reserve Bank’s guidelines for its overnight reverse repo facility and open market operations, which allows banks in New Zealand to offer RMBS
as collateral for the Reserve Bank’s repurchase agreements.
2
The difference between the carrying values of the covered bonds and the assets pledged allows for the immediate issuance of additional covered bonds if required. These additional
assets can be repurchased by Westpac New Zealand at its discretion, subject to the conditions set out in the transaction documents. The cover pool is comprised of housing loans up to
a value of $7,500 million as at 30 September 2017 (30 September 2016: $7,500 million). Over time, the composition of the cover pool will include, in addition to housing loans, accrued
interest (representing accrued and unpaid interest on the outstanding housing loans) and cash (representing collections of principal and interest from the underlying housing loans).
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 41
Note 33 Structured entities
Accounting policy
Structured entities are generally created to achieve a specific, defined objective and their operations are restricted such as only purchasing
specific assets. Structured entities are commonly financed by debt or equity securities that are collateralised by and/or indexed to their underlying
assets. The debt and equity securities issued by structured entities may include tranches with varying levels of subordination.
Structured entities are classified as subsidiaries and consolidated if they meet the definition in Note 1. If the NZ Banking Group does not control a
structured entity then it will not be consolidated.
The NZ Banking Group engages in various transactions with both consolidated and unconsolidated structured entities that are mainly involved
in securitisations, asset backed structures and managed funds.
Consolidated structured entities
Securitisation and covered bonds
The NZ Banking Group uses structured entities to securitise its financial assets through the CB Programme and the Bank’s internal residential
mortgage-backed securitisation programme. Refer to Note 32 for further details.
NZ Banking Group managed funds
As disclosed in Note 25 and the ‘Funds management and other fiduciary activities’ section below, the PIE Funds are consolidated within the
financial statements of the NZ Banking Group.
Non-contractual financial support
The NZ Banking Group does not provide non-contractual financial support to these consolidated structured entities.
Unconsolidated structured entities
The NZ Banking Group has interests in various unconsolidated structured entities including debt instruments, guarantees, liquidity arrangements,
lending, loan commitments, certain derivatives and investment management agreements.
Interests exclude non-complex derivatives (e.g. interest rate swap agreements) and lending to a structured entity with recourse to a wider
operating entity, not just the structured entity.
The NZ Banking Group’s main interests in unconsolidated structured entities, which arise in the normal course of business, are:
Trading securities and
financial assets designated at
fair value
The NZ Banking Group actively trades interests in structured entities and normally has no other involvement
with the structured entity. This includes RMBS or other asset-backed securities. These assets are highly rated,
investment grade and eligible for repurchase agreements with the RBNZ or another central bank. The NZ
Banking Group earns interest income on these securities and also recognises fair value changes through
trading income in non-interest income.
Loans and other credit
commitments
The NZ Banking Group lends to unconsolidated structured entities, subject to the NZ Banking Group’s collateral
and credit approval processes, in order to earn interest and fee income. The structured entities are mainly
securitisation entities.
Investment management
agreements
The NZ Banking Group manages funds that provide customers with investment opportunities. The NZ Banking
Group also manages superannuation funds for its employees. The NZ Banking Group earns management and
performance fee income which is recognised in non-interest income.
The NZ Banking Group may also retain units in these investment management funds, primarily through its
consolidated life insurance entity. The NZ Banking Group earns fund distribution income and recognises fair
value movements through non-interest income.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 42
Note 33 Structured entities (continued)
The following table shows the NZ Banking Group’s interests in unconsolidated structured entities and its maximum exposure to loss in relation to
those interests. The maximum exposure does not take into account any collateral or hedges that will reduce the risk of loss.
For on-balance sheet instruments, including debt instruments in and loans to unconsolidated structured entities, the maximum exposure to
loss is the carrying value; and
For off-balance sheet instruments, including liquidity facilities, loan and other credit commitments and guarantees, the maximum exposure to
loss is the notional amounts.
Investment in
Third Party
Mortgage and
other Asset-Financing toGroup
Backed
Securitisation
Managed
$ millions
Securities
1
VehiclesFunds
Total
Assets
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value
78
-
- 78
Loans
-
2,297
-
2,297
Life insurance assets- -
196
196
Total on-balance sheet exposures
78
2,297 196 2,571
Total notional amounts of off-balance sheet exposures
-
1,052
65 1,117
Maximum exposure to loss78
3,349
261
3,688
Size of structured entities
2
820
3,349
9,109
13,278
2017
NZ Banking Group
Investment in
Third Party
Mortgage and
other Asset-Financing toGroup
BackedSecuritisationManaged
$ millions
Securities
1
Vehicles
FundsTotal
Assets
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value
99
- -
99
Loans-
2,228
-
2,228
Life insurance assets
-
- 160
160
Total on-balance sheet exposures99
2,228
160
2,487
Total notional amounts of off-balance sheet exposures- 881
65
946
Maximum exposure to loss99
3,109
225
3,433
Size of structured entities
2
810
3,109
8,173
12,092
NZ Banking Group
2016
1
The NZ Banking Group's interests in third party mortgage and other asset-backed securities are senior tranches of notes and are investment grade rated.
2
Represented by the total assets or market capitalisation of the entity, or if not available, the NZ Banking Group's total committed exposure (for lending arrangements and external debt
holdings), funds under management (for Group managed funds) or the total value of notes on issue (for investments in third-party asset-backed securities).
Non-contractual financial support
The NZ Banking Group does not provide non-contractual financial support to these unconsolidated structured entities.
Funds management and other fiduciary activities
The NZ Banking Group conducts investment and other fiduciary activities that result in the holding or placing of assets on behalf of individuals,
trusts, retirement benefit plans and other institutions. These assets are not the property of the NZ Banking Group and accordingly are not included
in these financial statements, with the exception of the PIE Funds which are treated as controlled entities of Westpac New Zealand (refer to Note
25 for further details) and life insurance assets owned by Westpac Life which are included in wholesale client portfolios. Where controlled entities
incur certain liabilities in respect of these activities, a right of indemnity exists against the assets of the applicable trusts. As these assets are
sufficient to cover liabilities, and it is not probable that the controlled entities will be required to settle them, the liabilities are not included in the
consolidated financial statements.
The PIE Funds are managed by a member of the NZ Banking Group (refer to Note 25 for further details) and invest in deposits with Westpac New
Zealand. Westpac New Zealand is considered to control the PIE Funds, and as such they are consolidated within the financial statements of the
NZ Banking Group.
The value of assets subject to funds management and other fiduciary activities as at the reporting date were as follows:
$ millions2017 2016
Private and priority627 587
Retirement plans5,418 4,578
Retail unit trusts2,365 2,389
Wholesale client portfolios699 619
Term PIE1,746 1,365
Cash PIE815 1,038
Notice Saver PIE309 190
Total funds under management11,979 10,766
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 43
Note 33 Structured entities (continued)
Marketing and distribution of insurance products
The NZ Banking Group markets and distributes both life and general insurance products. The life insurance products are underwritten by Westpac
Life and by external third party insurance companies. The general insurance products are fully underwritten by external third party insurance
companies. Disclosures are made in marketing material that the products are underwritten by those companies. Where the products are
underwritten by Westpac Life, the disclosures state that other members of the Overseas Banking Group do not guarantee the obligations of, or
any products issued by, Westpac Life. Where the products are underwritten by third parties, the disclosures state that Westpac New Zealand does
not guarantee the obligations of, or any products issued by, those companies.
Risk management
The NZ Banking Group's risk management strategy (refer to Note 36) will help minimise the possibility that any difficulties arising from the above
activities would adversely impact the NZ Banking Group.
Note 34 Insurance business
Accounting policy
The NZ Banking Group conducts insurance business through one of its controlled entities, Westpac Life, which is licensed under the Insurance
(Prudential Supervision) Act 2010 (‘IPSA’).
Life insurance assets include investments held by the NZ Banking Group’s life insurance company and net insurance policy assets relating to life
insurance contracts.
Assets held by the NZ Banking Group’s life insurance company, including investments in funds managed by the NZ Banking Group, are
designated at fair value through profit or loss. Changes in fair value are recognised in non-interest income.
It is a requirement of the IPSA that a life insurance company must have at least one statutory fund in respect of its life insurance business. A
statutory fund was established by Westpac Life on 1 October 2012. The statutory fund is subject to restrictions imposed under IPSA. The main
restrictions are:
• that the assets in the statutory fund are only available to meet the liabilities and expenses of the life insurance business and cannot be used to
support any other business of the life insurance company; and
• distribution of the retained profits of a statutory fund may only be made when certain solvency and other requirements are met.
Refer to Note 3 for details on the accounting policy related to net life insurance income and change in policy liabilities.
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates
The key factors that affect the estimation of net insurance policy assets are:
the cost of providing benefits and administrating contracts;
mortality and morbidity experience which includes policyholder benefit enhancements;
discontinuance rates, which affects the NZ Banking Group’s ability to recover the cost of acquiring new business over the life of the contracts;
and
the discount rate of projected future cash flows.
Regulation, competition, interest rates, taxes, securities market conditions and general economic conditions also affect the estimation of net
insurance policy assets.
Westpac Life’s primary insurance activities are the development, underwriting and management of products under life insurance legislation which
provide insurance cover against the risks of death, disability, redundancy and bankruptcy. Westpac Life also manages insurance agency
arrangements whereby general insurance and life insurance products are made available to NZ Banking Group customers. The insurance
business of Westpac Life comprises less than one percent of the total assets of the NZ Banking Group.
The following table presents the aggregate amount of the NZ Banking Group’s insurance business calculated in accordance with the Overseas
Bank’s conditions of registration as at the reporting date:
$ millions2017 2016
Total assets of insurance business
228 187
As a percentage of total consolidated assets of the NZ Banking Group0.24% 0.20%
The Overseas Bank does not conduct any insurance or non-financial activities in New Zealand outside of the NZ Banking Group.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 44
Note 35 Capital adequacy
The table below represents the capital adequacy calculation for the Overseas Banking Group and Overseas Bank based on APRA’s application of
the Basel III capital adequacy framework.
2017
2016
%Unaudited Unaudited
Overseas Banking Group (excluding entities specifically excluded by APRA regulations)
1, 2
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio10.6 9.5
Additional Tier 1 capital ratio2.1 1.7
Tier 1 capital ratio12.7 11.2
Tier 2 capital ratio2.1 1.9
Total regulatory capital ratio14.8 13.1
Overseas Bank (Extended Licensed Entity)
1, 3
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio10.4
9.7
Additional Tier 1 capital ratio2.2 1.9
Tier 1 capital ratio12.6 11.6
Tier 2 capital ratio2.4 2.1
Total regulatory capital ratio15.0 13.7
1
The capital ratios represent information mandated by APRA. The capital ratios of the Overseas Banking Group are publicly available in the Overseas Banking Group’s Pillar 3 report. This
information is made available to users via the Overseas Bank’s website (www.westpac.com.au).
2
Overseas Banking Group (excluding entities specifically excluded by APRA regulations) comprises the consolidation of the Overseas Bank and its subsidiary entities except those entities
specifically excluded by APRA regulations for the purposes of measuring capital adequacy (Level 2). The head of the Level 2 group is the Overseas Bank.
3
Overseas Bank (Extended Licensed Entity) comprises the Overseas Bank and its subsidiary entities that have been approved by APRA as being part of a single Extended Licensed Entity for
the purpose of measuring capital adequacy (Level 1).
Under APRA’s Prudential Standards, Australian authorised deposit-taking institutions (‘ADI’), including the Overseas Banking Group are required
to maintain minimum ratios of capital to risk-weighted assets (‘RWA’), as determined by APRA. For the calculation of RWAs, the Overseas
Banking Group is accredited by APRA to apply advanced models permitted by the Basel III global capital adequacy regime. The Overseas
Banking Group uses the Advanced Internal Ratings Based (‘Advanced IRB’) approach for credit risk, the Advanced Measurement Approach
(‘AM A’) for operational risk and the internal model approach for interest rate risk in the banking book for calculating regulatory capital. APRA’s
prudential standards are generally consistent with the International Regulatory Framework for Banks, also known as Basel III, issued by the Basel
Committee on Banking Supervision (‘BCBS’), except where APRA has exercised certain discretions.
The Overseas Banking Group is required to disclose additional detailed information on its risk management practices and capital adequacy on
a quarterly basis. This information is made available to users via the Overseas Banking Group’s website (www.westpac.com.au).
The Overseas Banking Group (excluding entities specifically excluded by APRA regulations), and the Overseas Bank (Extended Licensed Entity
as defined by APRA), exceeded the minimum capital adequacy requirements as specified by APRA as at 30 September 2017.
The Overseas Banking Group’s approach seeks to balance the fact that capital is an expensive form of funding with the need to be adequately
capitalised as an ADI. The Overseas Banking Group considers the need to balance efficiency, flexibility and adequacy when determining
sufficiency of capital and when developing capital management plans.
The Overseas Banking Group evaluates these considerations through an Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process, the key features of
which include:
the development of a capital management strategy, including consideration of regulatory minimums, capital buffers and contingency plans;
consideration of both economic and regulatory capital requirements;
a stress testing framework that challenges the capital measures, coverage and requirements, including the impact of adverse economic
scenarios; and
consideration of the perspectives of external stakeholders including rating agencies and equity and debt investors.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 45
Note 36 Risk management
The NZ Banking Group regards the management of risk to be a fundamental management activity performed at all levels of its business. The NZ
Banking Group’s risk management strategy includes a sound risk culture and sets out minimum standards for risk management across all risk
types (‘Risk Management Strategy’). The NZ Banking Group adopts a ‘Three Lines of Defence’ approach to risk management which reflects our
cu lture of ‘risk is everyone’s business in which all employees are responsible for identifying and managing risk and operating within the NZ
Banking Group’s desired risk profile.
The 1st Line of Defence – Risk identification, risk management and self-assurance
Divisional business units are responsible for identifying, evaluating and managing the risks that they originate within approved risk appetite
and policies. They are required to establish and maintain appropriate risk management controls, resources and self-assurance processes.
The 2nd Line of Defence – Establishment of risk management frameworks and policies and risk management oversight
The 2nd Line of Defence comprises separate risk and compliance advisory, control, assurance and monitoring functions, which establish
frameworks, policies, limits and processes for the management, monitoring and reporting of risk. The 2nd Line of Defence may approve risks
outside the authorities granted to the 1st Line and also evaluate and opine on the adequacy and effectiveness of 1st Line controls and
application of frameworks and policies and, where necessary, require improvement and monitor the 1st Line’s progress toward remediation of
identified deficiencies.
The 3rd Line of Defence – Independent assurance
The audit function independently evaluates the adequacy and effectiveness of the Group’s overall risk management framework and controls.
Financial instruments are fundamental to the NZ Banking Group’s business of providing banking and financial services. The associated financial
risks (including credit risk, funding and liquidity risk and market risk) are a significant proportion of the total risks faced by the NZ Banking Group.
This note details the risk management policies, practices and quantitative information of the NZ Banking Group’s principal risk exposures.
Principal risks Note name
Note
number
Overview
Risk management frameworks 36.1.1
Group audit 36.1.2
Reviews in respect of risk management systems 36.1.3
Credit risk
The risk of financial loss where a customer or
counterparty fails to meet their financial obligations. It
arises from the NZ Banking Group’s lending activities
and from interbank, treasury and international trade
activities.
Credit risk ratings system 36.2.1
Credit risk mitigation, collateral and other credit enhancements 36.2.2
Credit risk concentrations 36.2.3
Regulatory capital 36.2.4
Residential mortgages by loan-to-value ratio (‘LVR’)
36.2.5
Credit quality of financial assets 36.2.6
Collateral held 36.2.7
Operational risk and compliance risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from
inadequate or failed internal processes, people and
systems, or from external events. The definition is
aligned to the regulatory (Basel II) definition, including
legal and regulatory risk but excluding strategic and
reputation risk.
Compliance risk is the risk of legal or regulatory
sanction, financial loss or reputation loss arising from
the NZ Banking Group’s failure to abide by the
compliance obligations required of the NZ Banking
Group.
Operational risk and compliance risk 36.3
Funding and liquidity risk
The risk that the NZ Banking Group will be unable to
fund assets and meet obligations as they become due.
Liquidity modelling
Sources of liquidity
Contractual maturity of financial instruments
Expected maturity
36.4.1
36.4.2
36.4.3
36.4.4
Market risk
The risk of an adverse impact on earnings resulting
from changes in market factors, such as foreign
exchange rates, interest rates, commodity prices and
equity prices.
Value-at-Risk (‘VaR’)
36.5.1
Traded market risk 36.5.2
Non-traded market risk 36.5.3
Market risk notional capital charges 36.5.4
Interest rate sensitivity 36.5.5
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 46
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
36.1
Overview
36.1.1 Risk management frameworks
The Board is responsible for approving the Overseas Banking Group’s Risk Management Strategy and Overseas Banking Group’s Risk Appetite
Statement and monitoring the effectiveness of risk management by the Overseas Banking Group.
The Board has delegated authority to the Overseas Bank’s Board Risk and Compliance Committee (‘Group BRCC’) to:
review and recommend the Overseas Banking Group’s Risk Management Strategy and Risk Appetite Statement to the Board for
approval;
set risk appetite consistent with the Overseas Banking Group’s Risk Appetite Statement;
approve frameworks, policies and processes for managing risk (consistent with the Overseas Banking Group’s Risk Management Strategy
and Risk Appetite Statement); and
review and, where appropriate, approve risks beyond the approval discretion provided to management.
The Board is also supported by the Overseas Bank’s Board Audit Committee (‘Group BAC’) which assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibilities
in relation to:
oversight of financial reporting and compliance with prudential regulatory reporting. With reference to the Group BRCC, this includes an
oversight of regulatory and statutory reporting requirements;
reviewing, discussing with management and the external auditor, and assessing the processes used to monitor and comply with laws,
regulations and other requirements relating to external reporting of financial and non-financial information;
oversight of the external audit engagement, including the external auditor’s qualifications, performance, independence and fees; and
oversight of the performance of the internal audit function.
Further to the Directors’ Statement on page 8:
the Overseas Bank and Westpac New Zealand together had systems in place to monitor and control adequately the material risks of the
following relevant members of the NZ Banking Group:
BTNZ;
BTFGNZL;
WFSGNZL;
Westpac Life;
WNNZL;
WSNNZL;
WGINZL;
WHNZL;
WCNZL; and
WNZGL;
the Overseas Bank and Westpac New Zealand together had systems in place to monitor and control adequately the material risks of the
NZ Branch;
the Overseas Bank had systems in place to monitor and control adequately the material risks of Capital Finance New Zealand Limited and
Sie-Lease (New Zealand) Pty Limited; and
the remaining relevant members of the NZ Banking Group are not considered to have material risks.
The NZ Banking Group has an Executive Risk Committee (‘ERC’) which meets quarterly, and which oversees the management of enterprise risks
across the New Zealand incorporated entities within the Overseas Banking Group of companies (excluding Westpac New Zealand and its
subsidiaries which are overseen by the Westpac New Zealand Executive Risk Committee (‘WNZL RISKCO’)). Enterprise risks include, but are not
limited to, credit risk, compliance risk, operational risk, funding and liquidity risk, market risk, conduct risk, business risk, sustainability risk, equity
risk, insurance risk, related entity (contagion) risk and reputation risk.
Westpac Life and BTNZ maintain separate Risk Management Frameworks. Both documents are approved by the respective Board of each entity
and are closely aligned to the Group and WNZL Risk Management Strategy whilst reflecting each entity's specific regulatory and operating
environment.
Westpac New Zealand, a member of the NZ Banking Group, is a locally incorporated registered bank. Westpac New Zealand's Risk Management
Strategy is closely aligned with that of the Overseas Banking Group, and the Board of Westpac New Zealand is responsible for the risk
management of that bank and its subsidiaries.
The Boards of the other entities making up the NZ Banking Group have ultimate responsibility for overseeing the effective deployment of the Risk
Management Strategy for these entities.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 47
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
For each of its primary risks, the NZ Banking Group maintains risk management frameworks and a number of supporting policies that define roles
and responsibilities, acceptable practices, limits and key controls:
Risk Risk management framework and controls
Credit risk
The Overseas Bank’s Credit Risk Management Framework
describes the principles, methodologies, systems,
roles and responsibilities, reports and key controls for managing credit risk. Within the
Credit Risk Management
Framework, the NZ Banking Group has its own credit approval limits approved by Westpac New Zealand’s
Board and delegated by the Overseas Banking Group’s Chief Risk Officer.
The Westpac New Zealand Board Risk and Compliance Committee (‘WNZL BRCC’) and ERC monitor the risk
profile, performance and management of the NZ Banking Group’s credit portfolio and the development and
review of key credit risk policies.
The Credit Risk Rating System Policy describes the credit risk rating system philosophy, design, key features
and uses of rating outcomes.
All models materially impacting the risk rating process are periodically reviewed in accordance with the NZ
Banking Group’s model risk policies.
An annual review is performed of the Credit Risk Rating System by the WNZL BRCC and ERC
and is approved
by the Group BRCC.
Specific credit risk estimates (including PD, LGD and EAD levels) are overseen, reviewed annually and
supported by the Overseas Bank’s Credit Risk Estimates Committee (a subcommittee of the Group BRCC).
Policies for the delegation of credit approval authorities and formal limits for the extension of credit are
established throughout the NZ Banking Group including those for the approval and management of all credit
risk arising from other banks and related entities.
Credit manuals are established throughout the NZ Banking Group including policies governing the origination,
evaluation, approval, documentation, settlement and ongoing management of credit risks.
Sector policies guide credit extension where industry-specific guidelines are considered necessary
(e.g. acceptable financial ratios or permitted collateral).
The Related Entity Risk Management Framework and supporting policies govern credit exposures to related
entities to minimise the spread of credit risk between Overseas Banking Group entities and to comply with
prudential requirements prescribed by APRA.
Operational risk and
compliance risk
The NZ Banking Group has an Operational Risk Management Framework (‘ORMF’) which outlines the
business requirements for managing operational risk with respect to governance, risk and control assessments,
incident management, and reporting and monitoring. The ORMF is approved by the Group BRCC. Westpac
New Zealand has its own ORMF that is closely aligned with that of the Overseas Bank. The Westpac New
Zealand ORMF is approved by the Westpac New Zealand BRCC.
The NZ Banking Group has a Compliance Risk Management Framework and a dedicated compliance function
to assist the business in managing its compliance risks. The Framework is approved by the Group BRCC.
Westpac New Zealand operates its own Compliance Risk
Management Framework that is closely aligned with
that of the Overseas Bank. The Westpac New Zealand Framework is approved by the Westpac New Zealand
BRCC.
Funding and liquidity
risk
The Liquidity Risk Management Framework sets out the liquidity risk appetite, roles and responsibilities, tools
for measuring and managing liquidity risk, reporting procedures and supporting policies. It also documents the
limits and targets for cash flow mismatch levels and wholesale funding and balance sheet ratios. It is reviewed
by the Overseas Banking Group’s Asset and Liability Committee (‘Group ALCO’) prior to approval by the
Group BRCC. The Westpac New Zealand BRCC has approved a Liquidity Risk Management Framework for
Westpac New Zealand’s balance sheet which is consistent with the Overseas Banking Group framework but
also meets New Zealand specific requirements.
The Overseas Banking Group’s Treasury function is responsible for managing funding and liquidity including
managing the balance sheet against approved limits and targets and managing the NZ Banking Group’s
funding base so that it is appropriately maintained, stable and diversified.
Daily liquidity risk reports are reviewed by Treasury and the Liquidity risk teams. Liquidity reports are presented
to Group ALCO monthly and to the Group BRCC quarterly.
An annual funding strategy is established by the Overseas Banking Group’s Treasury unit which includes
consideration of trends in global markets, peer analysis, wholesale funding capacity, expected funding
requirements and funding risk analysis. The strategy is regularly reviewed to take into account current market
conditions. In addition, Westpac New Zealand’s Treasury unit undertakes an annual review of Westpac New
Zealand’s funding strategy.
A contingency funding plan is also maintained, which details actions to be taken in response to severe
disruptions in the NZ Banking Group’s ability to conduct its activities in a timely manner and at a reasonable
co st. The plan identifies the committee of senior executives to manage any crisis and their responsibilities. The
plan is aligned with the Overseas Banking Group’s broader Liquidity Crisis Management Policy. Additionally,
Westpac New Zealand’s Treasury unit maintains a contingency funding plan specific to Westpac New Zealand.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 48
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
Risk
Risk management framework and controls
Market risk
The Market Risk Framework describes the Overseas Banking Group’s approach to managing traded and non-
traded market risk and is approved by the Group BRCC. Westpac New Zealand operates its own Market Risk
Management Framework that is closely aligned with that of the Overseas Banking Group. The Westpac New
Zealand Framework is approved by the Westpac New Zealand BRCC.
Traded market risk includes interest rate, foreign exchange, commodity, equity price, credit spread and volatility
risks. Non-traded market risk includes interest rate and foreign exchange risks.
Market risk is managed using VaR limits, Net interest income at risk (‘NaR’) and structural risk limits (including
credit spread and interest rate basis point value limits) as well as scenario analysis and stress testing.
The Group BRCC approves the risk appetite for traded and non-traded risks through the use of VaR, NaR and
specific structural risk limits.
The Overseas Banking Group’s RISKCO (‘Group RISKCO’) has approved separate VaR sub-limits for the
trading activities of the Overseas Banking Group’s Financial Markets and Treasury units.
Market risk limits are assigned to business managers based upon business strategies, experience, and the
consideration of market liquidity and the concentration of risks.
Market risk positions are managed by the trading desks and Asset and Liability Management (‘ALM’) unit
consistent with their delegated authorities and the nature and scale of the market risks involved.
Daily monitoring of current exposure and limit utilisation is conducted independently by the Overseas Banking
Group’s Market Risk Management unit, which monitors market risk exposures against VaR and structural risk
limits. Oversight of risk specific to the NZ Banking Group is monitored by the NZ Branch’s Trading Risk
Management Unit. Daily VaR position reports are produced by risk type, by product lines and by geographic
region. Quarterly reports are produced for the Overseas Banking Group’s Market Risk Committee (‘Group
MARCO’), Group RISKCO and Group BRCC.
Daily stress testing and backtesting of VaR results is performed to support model integrity and to analyse
extreme or unexpected movements. A review of both the potential profit and loss outcomes is also undertaken
to monitor any skew created by the historical data.
The Group BRCC has approved a framework for profit or loss escalation which considers both single day and
20 day cumulative results.
Treasury’s ALM unit is responsible for managing the non-traded interest rate risk including risk mitigation
through hedging using derivatives. This is overseen by the market risk unit and reviewed by the Group
MARCO, Group RISKCO and Group BRCC.
Other risk classes include:
Conduct risk: the risk that the NZ Banking Group’s provision of services and products results in unsuitable or unfair outcomes for the NZ
Banking Group’s customers or undermines market integrity;
Business risk: the risk associated with the vulnerability of a line of business to changes in the business environment;
Equity risk: the potential for financial loss arising from movements in equity values. Equity risk may be direct, indirect or contingent;
Insurance risk: the risk of mis-estimation of the expected cost of insured events, volatility in the number or severity of insured events, and
mis-estimation of the cost of incurred claims;
Related entity (contagion) risk: the risk that problems arising in other members of the Overseas Banking Group may compromise the
financial and operational position of the authorised deposit-taking institutions in the NZ Banking Group; and
Reputation risk: the risk of the loss of reputation, stakeholder confidence, or public trust and standing.
36.1.2 Group Audit
Group Audit for the Overseas Banking Group (‘Group Audit’) comprises the Group Audit and Credit Portfolio Review (including Model Risk)
functions. Group Audit provides an independent assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of management’s controls over operational,
market, liquidity and compliance risks. Credit Portfolio Review provides an independent assessment of the effectiveness of the NZ Banking
Group’s credit management activities and the adequacy of credit provisioning, as well as an independent assessment over compliance with Group
model risk policy. The New Zealand Audit function comprises a New Zealand based Audit team, supported by the Overseas Banking Group’s
Credit Portfolio Review (including Model Risk) functions. Group Audit reports on a quarterly basis, or more often as deemed appropriate, to the
Group BAC, to agree the budget and the annual audit plan and to report its findings. In addition, the Group BAC has private sessions with the
General Manager Group Audit. Furthermore, the General Manager Group Audit reports to the Chair of the Group BAC, and for administrative
purposes to the Overseas Bank's Chief Financial Officer, a member of the Overseas Bank's Executive Team.
As independent functions, New Zealand Audit and Group Audit have no direct authority over the activities of management. They have unlimited
access to all of the NZ Banking Group’s activities, records, property and employees. The scope of responsibility of New Zealand Audit covers
systems of management control across all business activities and support functions at all levels of management within the NZ Banking Group. The
level of operational risk determines the scope and frequency of individual audits. New Zealand Audit periodically reviews the adequacy and
effectiveness of management’s controls over market risk and liquidity risk.
36.1.3 Reviews in respect of risk management systems
New Zealand Audit participates in the six monthly management assurance programme in order to assess the adequacy of the governance
framework supporting operational risk management.
Group Audit’s Credit Portfolio Review function has a rolling programme of credit and model risk reviews throughout the financial year. New
Zealand Audit, with support from Group Audit, also periodically reviews the NZ Banking Group’s Operational, Compliance, Market, Funding and
Liquidity Risk Frameworks.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 49
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
The reviews discussed above in this section are not conducted by a party which is external to the NZ Banking Group or the Overseas Bank,
though they are independent and have no direct authority over the activities of management.
Various external reviews of the NZ Banking Group’s risk management system have been conducted during the year ended 30 September 2017 as
part of ongoing compliance with regulatory requirements.
36.2 Credit risk
36.2.1 Credit risk ratings system
The principal objective of the credit risk rating system is to reliably assess the credit risk to which the NZ Banking Group is exposed. The NZ
Banking Group has two main approaches to this assessment.
Transaction-managed customers
The NZ Banking Group assigns a Customer Risk Grade (‘CRG’) to each customer, corresponding to their expected PD. Each facility is assigned
an LGD. The NZ Banking Group’s risk rating system has a tiered scale of risk grades for both non-defaulted customers and defaulted customers.
Non-defaulted CRGs are mapped to Moody’s Investor Service (‘Moody’s’) and S&P Global Ratings (‘S&P’) external senior ranking unsecured
ratings.
Program-managed portfolio
Customers that are not transaction-managed are grouped into pools of similar risk. Pools are created by analysing characteristics that have
historically predicted that an account is likely to go into default. Customers grouped according to these predictive characteristics are assigned a
PD and LGD relative to their pool.
Customer risk grades
The table below maps the NZ Banking Group’s high level CRGs to their corresponding external rating.
Financial Statement Disclosure NZ Banking Group’s CRG Moody’s Rating S&P Rating
Strong A Aaa – Aa3 AAA – AA-
B A1 – A3 A+ – A-
C Baa1 – Baa3 BBB+ – BBB-
Good/satisfactory D Ba1 – B1 BB+ – B+
NZ Banking Group Rating
Watchlist
Special Mention
Substandard/Default
Default
Weak E
F
Weak/default G
H
36.2.2 Credit risk mitigation, collateral and other credit enhancements
The NZ Banking Group uses a variety of techniques to reduce the credit risk arising from its lending activities.
This includes the NZ Banking Group establishing that it has direct, irrevocable and unconditional recourse to collateral and other credit
enhancements through obtaining legally enforceable documentation.
Collateral
The table below describes the nature of collateral or security held for each relevant class of financial asset:
Financial assets Nature of collateral
Loans – housing and personal
1
Housing loans are secured by a mortgage over property and additional security may take the form of
guarantees and deposits.
Personal lending (including credit cards and overdrafts) is predominantly unsecured. Where security is
taken, it is restricted to eligible motor vehicles, caravans, campers, motor homes and boats.
Loans – business
1
Business loans may be secured, partially secured or unsecured. Security is typically taken by way of
a mortgage over property and/or a general security agreement over business assets or other assets.
Other security such as guarantees or standby letters of credit may also be taken as collateral, if
appropriate.
Trading securities, financial assets
designated at fair value and derivative
financial instruments
These exposures are carried at fair value which reflects the credit risk.
For trading securities, no collateral is sought directly from the issuer or counterparty; however this may
be implicit in the terms of the instrument (such as an asset-backed security). The terms of debt
securities may include collateralisation.
Master netting agreements are typically used to enable the effects of derivative assets and derivative
liabilities with the same counterparty to be offset when measuring these exposures. Additionally,
collateralisation agreements are also typically entered into with major institutional counterparties to
avoid the potential build-up of excessive mark-to-market positions. Derivative transactions are
increasingly being cleared through central clearers.
1
This includes collateral held in relation to associated credit commitments
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 50
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
Management of risk mitigation
The NZ Banking Group mitigates credit risk through controls covering:
Collateral and valuation management The Overseas Bank manages collateral under collateralisation agreements centrally for all branches of
the Overseas Bank and Westpac New Zealand.
The estimated realisable value of collateral held in support of loans is based on a combination of:
formal valuations currently held for such collateral; and
management’s assessment of the estimated realisable value of all collateral held.
This analysis also takes into consideration any other relevant knowledge available to management at
the time. Updated valuations are obtained when appropriate.
The NZ Banking Group revalues collateral related to financial markets positions on a daily basis and
has formal processes in place to promptly call for collateral top-ups, if required. These processes
include margining for non-centrally cleared customer derivatives where required under APRA’s
Prudential Standard CPS226. The collaterali sation arrangements are documented via the Credit
Support Annex of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association dealing agreements.
Other credit enhancements The NZ Banking Group only recognises guarantees, standby letters of credit, or credit derivative
protection from the following entities (provided they are not related to the entity with which the NZ
Banking Group has a credit exposure):
Sovereign;
Australia and New Zealand public sector;
Authorised deposit-taking institutions and overseas banks with a minimum risk grade equivalent of
A3 / A-; and
Other entities with a minimum risk grade equivalent of A3 / A-.
Offsetting Creditworthy customers domiciled in New Zealand may enter into formal agreements with the NZ
Banking Group, permitting the NZ Banking Group to set-off gross credit and debit balances in their
nominated accounts. Cross-border set-offs are not permitted.
Close-out netting is undertaken with counterparties with whom the NZ Banking Group has entered into
a legally enforceable master netting agreement for their off-balance sheet financial market transactions
in the event of default.
Further details of offsetting are provided in Note 28.
Central clearing (ASX/LCH) The NZ Banking Group increasingly executes derivative transactions through central clearing
counterparties. Central clearing counterparties mitigate risk through stringent membership
requirements, the collection of margin against all trades placed, the default fund, and an explicitly
defined order of priority of payments in the event of default.
36.2.3 Credit risk concentrations
Credit risk is concentrated when a number of counterparties are engaged in similar activities, have similar economic characteristics and thus may
be similarly affected by changes in economic or other conditions.
The NZ Banking Group monitors its credit portfolio to manage risk concentrations and rebalance the portfolio.
Individual customers or groups of related customers
The NZ Banking Group has large exposure limits governing the aggregate size of credit exposure normally acceptable to individual customers and
groups of related customers. These limits are tiered by customer risk grade.
Specific industries
Exposures to businesses, governments and other financial institutions are classified into a number of industry clusters based on related Australian
and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (‘ANZSIC’) codes and are monitored against the NZ Banking Group’s industry risk appetite
limits.
Individual countries
The NZ Banking Group has limits governing risks related to individual countries, such as political situations, government policies and economic
conditions that may adversely affect either a customer’s ability to meet its obligations to the NZ Banking Group, or the NZ Banking Group’s ability
to realise its assets in a particular country.
Maximum exposure to credit risk
The carrying amount of on-balance sheet financial assets and undrawn credit commitments, represents the maximum exposure to credit risk
(excluding any collateral received) as set out in the following table. Life insurance assets held as an investment in unit trusts are excluded as the
unit price is affected by movements in equity prices which are a market risk.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 51
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
$ millions 2017
2016
Financial assets
Cash and balances with central banks1,761 1,472
Receivables due from other financial institutions471 844
Other assets378 254
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value3,949 4,035
Derivative financial instruments3,420 4,838
Available-for-sale securities4,087 3,790
Loans77,681 75,582
Life insurance assets9 8
Due from related entities2,623 1,218
Total financial assets94,379 92,041
Undrawn credit commitments
Letters of credit and guarantees1,041 1,084
Commitments to extend credit24,919 23,988
Other commitments
10
263
Total undrawn credit commitments25,970 25,335
Total maximum credit risk exposure120,349 117,376
NZ Banking Group
36.2.4 Regulatory capital
The credit risk rating system is a key input to evaluate the level of capital to be held against loans for regulatory capital purposes.
Overview of the internal credit risk ratings process by portfolio
(a) Transaction-managed approach (including business lending, corporate, sovereign and bank)
The process for assignment and approval of individual PDs and LGDs involves business unit representatives recommending the CRGs and LGDs
under criteria guidelines. Credit Officers then independently evaluate the recommendations and approve the final outcomes. An expert judgment
decision-making process is employed to evaluate the CRG. The following represent the types of business lending, corporate, sovereign and
banking exposures included within the transaction-managed portfolio approach:
direct lending exposures;
contingent lending exposures;
pre-settlement exposures;
foreign exchange settlement exposures; and
transaction exposures.
All of the above exposure categories also apply to Specialised Lending, which is a sub-asset class of Corporate and in the NZ Banking Group
comprises Property Finance and Project Finance. Regulatory risk-weights are also applied to Specialised Lending.
Definitions, methods and data for estimation and validation of PD, LGD and EAD
PD
The PD is a through-the-cycle assessment of the likelihood of a customer defaulting on its financial obligations within one year. The NZ Banking
Group reflects its PD estimate in a CRG.
LGD
The LGD represents an estimate of the expected severity of a loss to the NZ Banking Group should a customer default occur during an economic
downturn. The NZ Banking Group assigns an LGD to each credit facility, assuming an event of default has occurred, and taking into account a
conservative estimate of the net realisable value of assets to which the NZ Banking Group has recourse and over which it has security. LGDs also
reflect the seniority of exposures in the customer’s capital and debt structure.
LGD estimates are benchmarked against observed historical LGDs from internal and external data and are calibrated to reflect losses expected in
an economic downturn. The calculation of historical LGDs is based on an economic loss and includes allowances for workout costs and the
discounting of future cash flows to the date of default.
LGD values range from 5% to 100%. The range of LGD values ensures that the risk of loss is differentiated across many credit facilities extended
to customers.
EAD and Credit Conversion Factor (‘CCF’)
EAD represents an estimate of the amount of committed exposure expected to be drawn by the customer at the time of default. To calculate EAD,
historical data is analysed to determine what proportion of undrawn commitments are ultimately utilised by customers who end up in default. The
proportion of undrawn commitments ultimately utilised by customers is termed the CCF. EAD therefore consists of the initial outstanding balances
plus the CCF multiplied by undrawn commitments. For transaction-managed exposures CCF’s are all 100%.
(b) Retail (program-managed) asset class approach (including residential mortgages, small business and other retail)
Each customer is rated using details of their account performance or application details and segmented into pools of similar risk. These segments
are created by analysing characteristics that have historically proven predictive in determining if an account is likely to go into default. Customers
are then grouped according to these predictive characteristics of default. The retail (program-managed) portfolio is divided into a number of
segments per product with each segment assigned a quantified measurement of its PD, LGD and EAD.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 52
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
Retail asset class exposures included in the retail (program-managed) portfolio approach are split into the following categories of products:
Asset sub-classes Product categories
Residential mortgages Mortgages
Small business
Equipment finance
Business overdrafts
Business term loans
Business credit cards
Other retail
Credit cards
Personal loans
Overdrafts
PD
PDs are assigned at the retail segment level and reflect the likelihood of accounts within that segment to default. A long-run average is used to
assign a PD to each account in a segment based on the segment’s characteristics. The PD estimate for each segment is based on internal data.
Models are used to help determine or establish the appropriate internal rating for program-managed portfolios.
LGD
LGD measures the proportion of the exposure that will be lost if default occurs. LGD is measured as a percentage of EAD. The approach to LGD
varies depending on whether the retail product is secured or unsecured. A downturn period is used to reflect the effect on the collateral for secured
products. For unsecured products, a long-run estimate is used for LGD.
EAD
EAD represents an estimate of the amount of committed exposure expected to be drawn by the customer at the time of default. To calculate EAD,
historical data is analysed to determine what proportion of undrawn commitments are ultimately utilised by customers who end up in default.
36.2.5 Residential mortgages by LVR as at 30 September 2017 (Unaudited)
LVRs are calculated as the current exposure divided by the NZ Banking Group’s valuation of the residential security at origination.
For loans originated from 1 January 2008, the NZ Banking Group utilises data from its loan system. For loans originated prior to 1 January 2008,
the origination valuation is not separately recorded and is therefore not available for disclosure. For these loans, the NZ Banking Group utilises its
dynamic LVR process to estimate an origination valuation.
Exposures for which no LVR is available have been included in the ‘Exceeds 90%’ category in accordance with the requirements of the Order.
Does not
Exceeds 80%
LVR Range ($ millions)exceed 80%
and not 90%
Exceeds 90%
Total
On-balance sheet exposures42,831
2,286
1,622
46,739
Undrawn commitments and other off-balance sheet exposures9,267
196
294
9,757
Value of exposures 52,098
2,482
1,916
56,496
2017
NZ Banking Group
Reconciliation of residential mortgage-related amounts
The table below provides the NZ Banking Group’s reconciliation between any amounts disclosed in this Disclosure Statement that relate to
mortgages on residential property.
NZ Banking Group
$ millions
2017
46,943
Reconciling items:
Unamortised deferred fees and expenses(174)
Fair value hedge adjustments(30)
Value of undrawn commitments and other off-balance sheet amounts relating to residential mortgages 9,757
Residential mortgages by LVR56,496
Term loans - Housing (as disclosed in Note 13)
36.2.6 Credit quality of financial assets
An asset is considered to be past due when any payment under the contractual terms has been missed. The entire contractual balance is
considered to be past due, rather than only the overdue portion. Assets may be overdue for a number of reasons, including late payments or
incomplete documentation. Late payment may be influenced by the timing of weekends and holidays. This does not always align with the
underlying basis by which credit risk is managed.
All the financial assets of the NZ Banking Group as at 30 September 2017 and 2016, other than loans (as disclosed in Note 14), are neither past
due nor impaired.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 53
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
The credit quality of financial assets of the NZ Banking Group that are neither past due nor impaired is determined by reference to the credit risk
ratings system (refer to Note 36.2.1). All the financial assets of the NZ Banking Group that are neither past due nor impaired fall into the ‘Strong’
category in their entirety except those financial assets disclosed below:
Good/
Good/
$ millions
Strong
Satisfactory
WeakTotalStrongSatisfactoryWeakTotal
Receivables due from other financial
institutions (refer to Note 9)
465 6 - 471
799 45 -
844
Other financial assets (refer to Note 10)
63 82 4 149 56 74 4 134
Trading securities and financial assets
designated at fair value (refer to Note 11)
3,931
18 - 3,949 4,027 8 - 4,035
Derivative financial instruments
(refer to Note 26)
3,314 104 2 3,420 4,585 253 - 4,838
Loans (refer to Note 14)32,167 42,586 1,871 76,624 30,835 41,460 2,296 74,591
NZ Banking Group
2017
2016
36.2.7 Collateral held
Loans
The NZ Banking Group analyses the coverage of the loan portfolio which is secured by the collateral that it holds. Coverage is measured as
follows:
Coverage Secured loan to collateral value ratio
Fully secured Less than or equal to 100%
Partially secured Greater than 100% but not more than 150%
Unsecured
Greater than 150%, or no security held (e.g. can include credit cards, personal loans, and exposure to
highly rated corporate entities)
The NZ Banking Group’s loan portfolio has the following coverage from collateral held:
%
2017
2016
Fully secured77
75
1313
Unsecured1012
100100
NZ Banking Group
Total net loans
Partially secured
Collateral held against financial assets other than loans
$ millions 2017 2016
Cash
19176
754
311
945387
NZ Banking Group
Securities under reverse repurchase agreements
1
Total other collateral held
1
Securities received as collateral are not recognised on the NZ Banking Group’s balance sheet.
36.3 Operational risk and compliance risk
Operational risk
Operational risk has the potential, as a result of the way business objectives are pursued, to negatively impact the NZ Banking Group’s financial
performance, customer service and/or reputation in the community or cause other damage to the business.
Westpac New Zealand has its own Operational Risk Management Framework that is closely aligned with that of the Overseas Bank. The Westpac
New Zealand Framework is approved by the WNZL BRCC.
Compliance risk
The NZ Banking Group is subject to regulation and regulatory oversight. Any significant regulatory developments could have an adverse effect on
how business is conducted and on the results of operations. Business and earnings are also affected by the fiscal or other policies that are
adopted by various regulatory authorities of the New Zealand Government, foreign governments and international agencies. The nature and
impact of future changes in such policies are not predictable and are beyond the NZ Banking Group’s control.
Effective compliance risk management enables the NZ Banking Group to identify emerging issues and, where necessary, put in place
preventative measures.
Westpac New Zealand operates its own Compliance Risk Management Framework that is closely aligned with that of the Overseas Bank. The
Westpac New Zealand Framework is approved by the WNZL BRCC.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 54
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
36.4 Funding and liquidity risk
36.4.1 Liquidity modelling
Westpac New Zealand is subject to the conditions specified in the Reserve Bank document ‘Liquidity Policy’ (‘BS13’). The following metrics are
calculated and reported on a daily basis by Westpac New Zealand in accordance with BS13:
the level of liquid assets held;
the one-week mismatch ratio;
the one-month mismatch ratio; and
the one-year core funding ratio.
In addition, the NZ Banking Group calculates the following liquidity ratios in accordance with the Overseas Bank’s liquidity risk framework
under APRA Prudential Standard APS 210 Liquidity:
liquidity coverage ratio; and
going concern limits.
36.4.2 Sources of liquidity
Sources of liquidity are regularly reviewed to maintain a wide diversification by currency, geography, product and term. Sources include, but are
not limited to:
deposits;
debt issues;
proceeds from sale of marketable securities;
repurchase agreements with central banks;
principal repayments on loans;
interest income; and
fee income.
Liquid assets
The NZ Banking Group holds a portfolio of high-quality liquid assets as a buffer against unforeseen funding requirements. These assets are
eligible for repurchase agreements with the Reserve Bank and are held in cash, government, local government and highly rated investment grade
securities. The level of liquid asset holdings is reviewed frequently and is consistent with both the requirements of the balance sheet and market
conditions.
The table below shows the NZ Banking Group‘s holding of liquid assets and represents the key liquidity information provided to management.
Liquid assets include high quality assets readily convertible to cash to meet the NZ Banking Group’s liquidity requirements. In management’s
opinion, liquidity is sufficient to meet the NZ Banking Group’s present requirements.
$ millions2017 2016
Cash and balances with central banks1,761 1,472
Receivables due from other financial institutions40 58
Supranational securities1,484 1,305
NZ Government securities2,372 2,030
NZ public securities1,609 1,380
NZ corporate securities2,073 2,258
Residential mortgage-backed securities3,950 3,992
Total liquid assets 13,289 12,495
NZ Banking Group
36.4.3 Contractual maturity of financial instruments
The following tables present cash flows associated with financial instruments, receivable or payable at the balance sheet date, by remaining
contractual maturity. The amounts disclosed in the table are the future contractual undiscounted cash flows, whereas the NZ Banking Group
manages inherent liquidity risk based on expected cash flows.
Cash flows associated with these financial instruments include both principal payments as well as fixed or variable interest payments
incorporated into the relevant coupon period. Principal payments reflect the earliest contractual maturity date. Derivatives designated for
hedging purposes are expected to be held for their remaining contractual lives, and reflect gross cash flows over the remaining contractual term
and, where relevant, include the receipt and payment of the notional amount under the contract.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 55
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
Derivatives held for trading and certain liabilities classified in “Other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement” are not managed for
liquidity purposes on the basis of their contractual maturity, and accordingly these instruments are presented in either the on demand or up to 1
month columns. Only the financial instruments that the NZ Banking Group manages based on their contractual maturity are presented on a
contractual undiscounted basis in the tables below.
Over 1
Over 3
Over 1
Month and
Months and
Year and
Up to 1
up to 3
up to up to Over 5
$ millionsOn Demand
Month
Months 1 Year
5 Years
Years
Total
Financial assets
Cash and balances with central banks
1,761
-
- -
-
-
1,761
Receivables due from other financial institutions
6 465 -
-
-
-
471
Other assets
-
231
-
-
1 1 233
Trading securities and financial assets designated
at fair value
-
1,494
1,689
240
564
45 4,032
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading3,162
-
-
- - -
3,162
Held for hedging purposes (net settled)-
9
9
14 26 -
58
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled):
Cash outflow
- (12) (13) (75)
(3,339)
(481)
(3,920)
Cash inflow
- - 5
16
3,115
361
3,497
Available-for-sale securities
-
9
505
149
3,533 114
4,310
Loans5,217
7,560
5,451
8,312
25,934
60,220
112,694
Life insurance assets294
4
4 2
-
-
304
Due from related entities:
Non-derivative balances
14
2,199
-
-
-
-
2,213
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading
410
-
-
-
-
-
410
Total undiscounted financial assets10,864
11,959
7,650
8,658
29,834
60,260
129,225
Financial liabilities
Payables due to other financial institutions
466
551
-
26
-
-
1,043
Other liabilities -
190
-
-
-
-
190
Deposits and other borrowings28,455
4,456
12,404
12,205
2,158 -
59,678
Other financial liabilities at fair value
through income statement
67
235
-
-
-
-
302
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading
2,730
- -
-
-
- 2,730
Held for hedging purposes (net settled)- 21
75
128 160
52
436
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled):
Cash outflow
-
929
23
238
3,065
830 5,085
Cash inflow
-
(800)
-
(153)
(2,453) (753)
(4,159)
Due to related entities:
Non-derivative balances2,761 -
3
9
343
-
3,116
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading
512
-
- -
-
- 512
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled):
Cash outflow
- -
18
54
1,699 -
1,771
Cash inflow-
-
(15)
(48) (1,568)
- (1,631)
Debt issues
- 910
692
3,090
11,640
1,189
17,521
Loan capital
- -
13
40
244
3,084
3,381
Total undiscounted financial liabilities34,991
6,492
13,213
15,589 15,288
4,402
89,975
Total contingent liabilities and commitments
Letters of credit and guarantees1,041
-
-
- -
- 1,041
Commitments to extend credit24,919 -
- -
-
- 24,919
Other commitments10
- -
-
- -
10
Total undiscounted contingent liabilities
and commitments25,970 -
-
- -
- 25,970
NZ Banking Group
2017
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 56
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
Over 1
Over 3
Month and
Months and
Over 1 Year
Up to 1
Up to 3
Up to
and Up to 5
Over 5
$ millionsOn Demand
Month Months
1 Year
Years
Years
Total
Financial assets
Cash and balances with central banks1,472
-
- -
-
-
1,472
Receivables due from other financial institutions58
786
-
-
-
-
844
Other assets-
118
- -
1
1
120
Trading securities and financial assets designated
at fair value-
578 1,338
1,434
638
148
4,136
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading
4,639
-
-
-
-
-
4,639
Held for hedging purposes (net settled)-
9
3
27 61
-
100
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled):
Cash outflow
-
- (14)
(40)
(1,611)
(468)
(2,133)
Cash inflow
-
-
5
12
1,539
362
1,918
Available-for-sale securities
-
7
28
266
3,669
64
4,034
Loans5,462
7,652
5,891
7,095
25,722
58,140 109,962
Life insurance assets
261
6
-
2
- -
269
Due from related entities:
Non-derivative balances47
477
-
-
-
-
524
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading694
-
-
-
-
-
694
Total undiscounted financial assets12,633
9,633
7,251
8,796
30,019
58,247
126,579
Financial liabilities
Payables due to other financial institutions538
78
-
-
-
- 616
Other liabilities
- 143
-
-
-
-
143
Deposits and other borrowings28,375
5,239
11,174
12,928 1,735
-
59,451
Other financial liabilities at fair value
through income statement
132
444
-
-
-
- 576
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading4,678 -
-
-
-
-
4,678
Held for hedging purposes (net settled)-
19
57 250
324
4
654
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled):
Cash outflow
-
15 276
3,248
4,137 631
8,307
Cash inflow
-
(2)
(180) (2,693) (3,392)
(540)
(6,807)
Due to related entities:
Non-derivative balances2,344
- 3
8
338
- 2,693
Derivative financial instruments:
Held for trading769
- -
-
- -
769
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled):
Cash outflow-
-
19 54
1,749
-
1,822
Cash inflow
-
-
(15) (45)
(1,603) -
(1,663)
Debt issues
-
302 1,108
4,556
8,377 931 15,274
Loan capital-
-
13
37
201 1,323 1,574
Total undiscounted financial liabilities36,836
6,238
12,455 18,343
11,866
2,349 88,087
Total contingent liabilities and commitments
Letters of credit and guarantees
1,084 - -
-
- - 1,084
Commitments to extend credit23,988
- -
- -
-
23,988
Other commitments263
- -
- -
-
263
Total undiscounted contingent liabilities
and commitments25,335
-
- - -
-
25,335
NZ Banking Group
2016
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 57
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
36.4.4 Expected maturity
The table below presents a maturity analysis of assets and liabilities on the balance sheet which combine amounts expected to be realised or
due to be settled within one year and after more than one year. The balances in the table will not agree to the contractual maturity table due to
the analysis below being based on expected rather than contractual maturities, the impact of discounting and the exclusion of interest
accruals.
NZ Banking Group
Due within Greater than Due within Greater than
$ millions12 months 12 months Total 12 months 12 months Total
Assets
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value3,590 359 3,949 3,716 319 4,035
Derivative financial instruments2,703 717 3,420 4,648 190 4,838
Available-for-sale securities511 3,576 4,087 141 3,649 3,790
Loans10,393 67,288 77,681 9,849 65,733 75,582
Life insurance assets204 100 304 164 105 269
Due from related entities2,603 20 2,623 1,218 - 1,218
Liabilities
Deposits and other borrowings56,965 2,033 58,998 57,169 1,622 58,791
Derivative financial instruments2,573 902 3,475 5,337 899 6,236
Due to related entities3,235 411 3,646 3,114 411 3,525
Debt issues4,406 12,323 16,729 5,729 8,998 14,727
Loan capital- - 2,822 2,822 - 1,091 1,091
20172016
36.5 Market risk
36.5.1 Value-at-Risk
The NZ Banking Group uses VaR as one of the mechanisms for controlling both traded and non-traded market risk.
VaR is a statistical estimate of the potential loss in earnings over a specified period of time and to a given level of confidence based on historical
market movements. The confidence level indicates the probability that the loss will not exceed the VaR estimate on any given day.
VaR seeks to take account of all material market variables that may cause a change in the value of the portfolio, including interest rates, foreign
exchange rates, price changes, volatility and the correlations between these variables. Daily monitoring of current exposure and limit utilisation is
conducted independently by the Market Risk unit which monitors market risk exposures against VaR and structural concentration limits. These are
supplemented by escalation triggers for material profits or losses and stress testing of risks beyond the 99% confidence level.
The key parameters of VaR are:
Holding period 1 day
Confidence level 99%
Period of historical data used 1 year
36.5.2 Traded market risk
The NZ Banking Group’s exposure to traded market risk arises out of its Financial Markets (‘FM’) and Treasury trading activities. The FM
trading book activity represents dealings that encompass book running and distribution activity. The types of market risk arising from FM
trading activity include interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, credit spread risk and volatility risk.
Treasury’s trading activity represents dealings that include the management of interest rate, foreign exchange and credit spread risks associated
with the wholesale funding task, liquid asset portfolios and foreign exchange repatriations.
The table below depicts the aggregate VaR, by risk type, for the year ended 30 September:
MaximumMinimumAverageMaximumMinimumAverage
$ millionsAs atExposureExposureExposureAs atExposureExposureExposure
Interest rate risk1.6 3.0 0.6 1.2 1.4 2.1 0.6 1.1
Foreign exchange risk0.1 0.7 - 0.2 0.4 0.7 - 0.3
Price risk0.1 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1
Volatility risk- - - - - - - -
Net market risk1.6 3.0 0.6 1.2 1.5 2.7 0.7 1.2
NZ Banking Group
2017
2016
36.5.3 Non-traded market risk
Non-traded market risk includes interest rate risk in the banking book (‘IRRBB’) – the risk to interest income from a mismatch between the
duration of assets and liabilities that arises in the normal course of business activities.
Net interest income (‘NII’) sensitivity is managed in terms of the NaR. A simulation model is used to calculate the NZ Banking Group’s potential
NaR. This combines the underlying balance sheet data with assumptions about run off and new business, expected repricing behaviour and
changes in wholesale market interest rates.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 58
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
Simulations using a range of interest rate scenarios are used to provide a series of potential future NII outcomes. The interest rate scenarios
modelled, over a three year time horizon using a 99% confidence interval, include those projected using historical market interest rate volatility as
well as 100 and 200 basis point shifts up and down from the current market yield curves in Australia and New Zealand. Additional stressed interest
rate scenarios are also considered and modelled.
A comparison between the NII outcomes from these modelled scenarios indicates the sensitivity to interest rate changes.
Net interest income-at-risk (‘NaR’)
The table below depicts NaR assuming a 100 basis point shock (decrease) over the next 12 months as a percentage of reported net interest
income:
MaximumMinimumAverageMaximum
Minimum
Average
%As atExposure
ExposureExposure
As atExposureExposureExposure
NaR
0.39
0.54
0.37
0.44
0.65
0.65
0.26
0.42
NZ Banking Group
2017
2016
Value at Risk – IRRBB
1
The table below depicts VaR for IRRBB:
MaximumMinimumAverage
Maximum
MinimumAverage
$ millions
As at
Exposure
ExposureExposure
As at
ExposureExposureExposure
Interest rate risk
0.9
1.7
0.6 1.0 1.3 1.8 0.5 1.0
NZ Banking Group
2016
2017
1
IRRBB VaR includes interest rate risk, credit spread risk on liquid assets and other basis risks used for internal management purposes.
Risk mitigation
IRRBB stems from the ordinary course of banking activities, including structural interest rate risk (the mismatch between the duration of assets
and liabilities) and capital management.
The NZ Banking Group hedges its exposure to such interest rate risk using derivatives. Details on the NZ Banking Group’s use of hedge
accounting are discussed in Note 26.
The same controls as used to monitor traded market risk allow management to continuously monitor and manage IRRBB.
36.5.4 Market risk notional capital charges (Unaudited)
The NZ Banking Group’s aggregate market risk exposure is derived in accordance with the Reserve Bank document ‘Capital Adequacy
Framework (Standardised Approach) (BS2A)’ (‘BS2A’) and is calculated on a six monthly basis. The end-of-period aggregate market risk
exposure is calculated from the period end balance sheet information.
For each category of market risk, the NZ Banking Group's peak end-of-day aggregate capital charge is derived by determining the maximum over
the six months ended 30 September 2017 of the aggregate capital charge for that category of market risk at the close of each business day
derived in accordance with BS2A.
The following table provides a summary of the NZ Banking Group’s notional capital charges by risk type as at the reporting date and the peak end-
of-day notional capital charges by risk type for the six months ended 30 September 2017.
Implied risk-
Notional
weighted capital
$ millions
exposure charge
End-of-period
Interest rate risk
3,170 254
Foreign currency risk 6
1
Equity risk -
-
Peak end-of-day
Interest rate risk 3,170
254
Foreign currency risk 65 5
Equity risk - -
2017
NZ Banking Group
36.5.5 Interest rate sensitivity
Sensitivity to interest rates arises from mismatches in the interest rate characteristics of assets and their corresponding liability funding. One of the
major causes of these mismatches is timing differences in the repricing of assets and liabilities. These mismatches are actively managed as part
of the overall interest rate risk management process, which is conducted in accordance with the NZ Banking Group’s policy guidelines.
The following table presents a breakdown of the earlier of the contractual repricing or maturity dates of the NZ Banking Group’s net asset position
as at 30 September 2017. The NZ Banking Group uses this contractual repricing information as a base, which is then altered to take account of
consumer behaviour, to manage its interest rate risk.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 59
Note 36 Risk management (continued)
Over 3Over 6
months andmonths andOver 1 yearNon-
Up to 3up to 6up to 1and up to 2Overinterest
$ millionsmonthsmonthsyearyears 2 yearsbearingTotal
Financial assets
Cash and balances with central banks1,479----2821,761
Receivables due from other financial institutions470----1471
Other assets-----378378
Trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value3,615137127169-3,949
Derivative financial instruments-----3,4203,420
Available-for-sale securities48724-1,4262,150-4,087
Loans41,6884,92110,68213,7986,942(350)77,681
Life insurance assets82---294304
Due from related entities2,199----4242,623
Total financial assets49,9465,08410,68315,2519,2614,44994,674
Non-financial assets992
Total assets95,666
Financial liabilities
Payables due to other financial institutions1,000-26--171,043
Other liabilities-----521521
Deposits and other borrowings39,8057,4654,4211,4266075,27458,998
Other financial liabilities at fair value
through income statement302-----302
Derivative financial instruments-----3,4753,475
Due to related entities3,008----6383,646
Debt issues6,733-1,4311,4777,088-16,729
Loan capital1,131---1,691-2,822
Total financial liabilities51,9797,4655,8782,9039,3869,92587,536
Non-financial liabilities299
Total liabilities87,835
On-balance sheet interest rate repricing gap
(2,033)(2,381)4,805 12,348 (125)
Net derivative notional principals
Net interest rate contracts (notional):
Receivable/(payable)17,957(6,260)(4,089)(9,897)2,289
Net interest rate repricing gap15,924(8,641)7162,4512,164
2017
NZ Banking Group
Foreign currency exposures
The net open position in each foreign currency, detailed in the table below, represents the net on-balance sheet assets and liabilities in that foreign
currency aggregated with the net expected future cash flows from off-balance sheet purchases and sales from foreign exchange transactions in
that foreign currency. Amounts are stated in New Zealand dollar equivalents translated using year end spot foreign exchange rates.
$ millions2017 2016
Receivable/(payable)
Australian dollar- (2)
Euro- -
British pound- -
Japanese yen- (2)
US dollar (5) (2)
Others 2 1
NZ Banking Group
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 60
Note 37 Concentration of funding
2017 2016
$ millions(Restated)
Funding consists of
Payables due to other financial institutions1,043 616
Deposits and other borrowings58,998 58,791
Other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement302
576
Due to related entities
2
3,047
2,609
Debt issues
1
16,729 14,727
Loan capital2,822 1,091
Total funding82,941 78,410
Analysis of funding by geographical areas
1
New Zealand59,049 59,167
Australia 4,103 3,462
United Kingdom
8,962
9,903
United States of America3,794 2,753
Other7,033 3,125
Total funding82,941
78,410
Analysis of funding by industry sector
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants282
331
Agriculture1,260 1,183
Construction1,713 1,696
Finance and insurance
31,445 28,091
Forestry and fishing398 485
Government, administration and defence2,337
2,446
Manufacturing1,573 1,521
Mining57
60
Property services and business services5,868 5,713
Services4,334 4,302
Trade
1,542 1,843
Transport and storage628 771
Utilities
630 787
Households24,184 22,964
Other3,643
3,608
Subtotal79,894
75,801
Due to related entities
2
3,047 2,609
Total funding82,941 78,410
NZ Banking Group
1
The geographic region used for debt issues is based on the nature of the debt programmes. The nature of the debt programmes is used as a proxy for the location of the original purchaser.
Where the nature of the debt programmes does not necessarily represent an appropriate proxy, the debt issues are classified as ‘Other’. These instruments may have subsequently been on-
sold.
2
Amounts due to related entities, as presented above, are in respect of deposits and borrowings and exclude amounts which relate to intra group derivatives and other liabilities.
ANZSIC has been used as the basis for disclosing industry sectors.
The categorisation between industry sectors has changed from those previously reported to align disclosure with the classification in the
Reserve Bank requirements. The most significant change has been an increase in funding from Finance and insurance with an offsetting
reduction in funding from Households and Other. Comparative information has been restated as a result of this change.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 61
Note 38 Concentration of credit exposures
NZ Banking Group
2017
2016
$ millions
(Restated)
On-balance sheet credit exposures (refer to Note 36.2.3 Maximum exposure to credit risk)
Analysis of on-balance sheet credit exposures by geographical areas
New Zealand
87,285
86,250
Australia
3,321
2,063
United Kingdom
1,385
2,077
United States of America343
138
Others
2,045
1,513
Total on-balance sheet credit exposures94,379
92,041
Analysis of on-balance sheet credit exposures by industry sector
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants408
359
Agriculture
8,065
7,833
Construction
520
525
Finance and insurance
10,190
11,032
Forestry and fishing414
373
Government, administration and defence5,840
5,855
Manufacturing
2,285
2,462
Mining
157
282
Property
6,454
6,358
Property services and business services1,161
1,075
Services1,747
1,468
Trade
2,261
2,440
Transport and storage
1,294
1,471
Utilities
2,281
2,702
Retail lending48,940
46,961
Other3
1
Subtotal
92,020
91,197
Provisions for impairment charges on loans(350)
(435)
Due from related entities
2,623
1,218
Other assets
86
61
Total on-balance sheet credit exposures94,379
92,041
Off-balance sheet credit exposures (refer to Note 36.2.3 Maximum exposure to credit risk)
Credit risk-related instruments
25,970
25,335
Total off-balance sheet credit exposures
25,970
25,335
Analysis of off-balance sheet credit exposures by industry sector
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants
81
131
Agriculture615
483
Construction493
386
Finance and insurance
2,142
1,577
Forestry and fishing133
154
Government, administration and defence
620
878
Manufacturing1,588
1,662
Mining210
236
Property1,527
1,645
Property services and business services
405
527
Services
599
729
Trade2,056
2,026
Transport and storage950
1,097
Utilities1,535
1,655
Retail lending13,016
12,149
Total off-balance sheet credit exposures
25,970
25,335
ANZSIC has been used as the basis for disclosing industry sectors.
The categorisation between industry sectors has changed from those previously reported to align disclosure with the classification in the
Reserve Bank requirements. The most significant change has been the reduction in exposures from Property (investment and rental
properties) to Retail lending. Comparative information has been restated as a result of this change.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 62
Note 38 Concentration of credit exposures (continued)
Concentration of credit exposures to individual counterparties
The following credit exposures are based on actual credit exposures to individual counterparties and groups of closely related counterparties.
The number of individual bank counterparties (which are not members of a group of closely related counterparties), and groups of closely related
counterparties of which a bank is the parent, to which the NZ Banking Group has an aggregate credit exposure or peak end-of-day aggregate
credit exposure that equals or exceeds 10% of the Overseas Banking Group’s equity:
as at 30 September 2017 was nil ; and
in respect of peak end-of-day aggregate credit exposure for the three months ended 30 September 2017 was nil .
The number of individual non-bank counterparties (which are not members of a group of closely related counterparties), and groups of closely
related counterparties of which a bank is not the parent, to which the NZ Banking Group has an aggregate credit exposure or peak end-of-day
aggregate credit exposure that equals or exceeds 10% of the Overseas Banking Group’s equity:
as at 30 September 2017 was nil ; and
in respect of peak end-of-day aggregate credit exposure for the three months ended 30 September 2017 was nil .
The peak end-of-day aggregate credit exposure to each individual counterparty (which are not members of a group of closely related
counterparties) or a group of closely related counterparties has been calculated by determining the maximum end-of-day aggregate amount of
actual credit exposure over the relevant three-month period, and then dividing that amount by the Overseas Banking Group’s equity as at 30
September 2017 (refer to Note 39).
Credit exposures to individual counterparties (not being members of a group of closely related counterparties) and to groups of closely related
counterparties exclude exposures to the central government of any country with a long-term credit rating of A- or A3 or above, or its equivalent, or
to any bank with a long-term credit rating of A- or A3 or above, or its equivalent. These calculations relate only to exposures held in the financial
records of the NZ Banking Group (excluding exposures booked outside New Zealand) and were calculated net of individually assessed provisions.
Note 39 Other information on the Overseas Banking Group
Other information on the Overseas Banking Group is from the most recently published financial statements of the Overseas Banking Group for the
year ended 30 September 2017.
Profitability
2017
Net profit for the year ended 30 September 2017 (A$millions)
7,997
Net profit for the year ended 30 September 2017 as a percentage of average total assets
0.9%
Total assets and equity 2017
Total assets (A$millions)851,875
Percentage change in total assets over the year ended 30 September 20171.5%
Total shareholder's equity (A$millions)61,342
Asset quality
2017
Total individually impaired assets
1, 2
(A$millions)
1,542
Total individually impaired assets expressed as a percentage of total assets 0.2%
Total individual credit impairment allowance
3
(A$millions)
714
Total individual credit impairment allowance expressed as a percentage of total individually impaired assets
46.3%
Total collective credit impairment allowance
3
(A$millions)
2,639
1
Total individually impaired assets are before allowances for credit impairment loss and net of interest held in suspense. Total individually impaired assets includes A$686 million of assets
which are determined to be impaired, but which are not individually significant, and therefore have been grouped into pools of assets for the purpose of collectively calculating an impairment
provision.
2
Non-financial assets have not been acquired through the enforcement of security.
3
Total individual credit impairment allowance and total collective credit impairment allowance both include A$234 million of credit impairment allowance that has been calculated collectively on
groups of assets which have been determined to be impaired, but which are not individually significant.
Notes to the financial statements
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 63
Note 40 Notes to the statement of cash flows
Accounting policy
Cash and cash equivalents includes cash held at branches and in ATMs, balances with overseas banks in their local currency and balances with
central banks.
Cash and balances with central banks
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions
30-Sep-17
30-Sep-16
Cash and cash equivalents comprise:
Cash on hand
282
253
Balances with central banks
1,479
1,219
Receivables due from other financial institutions40 58
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year
1,801 1,530
NZ Banking Group
Reconciliation of net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities to net profit for the year
Year Ended
Year Ended
$ millions30-Sep-17 30-Sep-16
Net profit for the year1,059 963
Adjustments:
Impairment (benefits)/charges on loans(76) 73
Computer software amortisation costs49 64
Depreciation on property and equipment46 45
(Gain)/loss from hedging ineffectiveness10 (4)
Movement in accrued interest receivable(13) 7
Movement in accrued interest payable16 10
Movement in current and deferred tax27 45
Share of profit of associate accounted for using the equity method- (9)
Share-based payments5 5
Other non-cash items20 (49)
Cash flows from operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities1,143 1,150
Movement in receivables due from other financial institutions355 (716)
Movement in other assets(17) 3
Movement in trading securities and financial assets designated at fair value11 53
Movement in loans(2,090) (6,107)
Movement in due from related entities(1,689) 1,897
Movement in payables due to other financial institutions427 (221)
Movement in other liabilities7 (4)
Movement in deposits and other borrowings207 5,805
Movement in other financial liabilities at fair value through income statement(274) 297
Movement in due to related entities849 44
Net movement in external and related entity derivative financial instruments(902) (1,915)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities(1,973) 286
NZ Banking Group
Note 41 Subsequent events
On 15 November 2017 the Reserve Bank advised Westpac New Zealand of changes to its conditions of registration. These changes will give
effect to the Reserve Bank’s decision resulting from an independent review into Westpac New Zealand’s compliance with advanced internal
rating-based aspects of the Reserve Bank’s ‘Capital Adequacy Framework (Internal Models Based Approach) (BS2B)’ (‘Section 95 Review’). The
changes to Westpac New Zealand’s conditions of registration will come into effect on 31 December 2017 and increase the minimum total capital
ratio, tier 1 capital ratio and common equity tier 1 capital ratio for Westpac New Zealand and its controlled entities by 2%. Westpac New Zealand
has also undertaken to the Reserve Bank to maintain the total capital ratio for Westpac New Zealand and its controlled entities above 15.1%.
Westpac New Zealand and its controlled entities retains an appropriate amount of capital to comply with the increased minimum ratios. As at 30
September 2017, the total capital ratio for Westpac New Zealand and its controlled entities is 16.1%.
The Section 95 Review has no impact on the compliance by the Overseas Bank with its conditions of registration.
PricewaterhouseCoopers, 188 Quay Street, Private Bag 92162, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
T: +64 (9) 355 8000, F: +64 (9) 355 8001, www.pwc.com/nz
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 64
Independent auditor’s report
Independent auditor’s report
To the Directors of Westpac Banking Corporation
This report is for the NZ Banking Group, comprising the aggregation of the New Zealand operations of Westpac Banking
Corporation Group.
This report includes:
- our audit opinion on the aggregated financial statements prepared in accordance with Clause 25 of the Registered Bank Disclosure
Statements (Overseas Incorporated Registered Banks) Order 2014 (as amended) (the ‘Order’), New Zealand Equivalents to International
Financial Reporting Standards (‘NZ IFRS’) and International Financial Reporting Standards ( ‘IFRS’).
- our audit opinion on the supplementary information prepared in accordance with Schedules 4, 7, 10, 11 and 13 of the Order.
- our audit opinion on other legal and regulatory requirements in accordance with Clauses 2(1)(d) and 2(1)(e) of Schedule 1 of the Order.
- our review conclusion on the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy prepared in
accordance with Schedule 9 of the Order.
Report on the audit of the aggregated financial statements and supplementary information
(excluding the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and
capital adequacy)
We have audited the aggregated financial statements required by Clause 25 of the Order and the supplementary information required by Schedules 4,
7, 10, 11 and 13 of the Order.
The aggregated financial statements and supplementary information (excluding the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk
exposures and capital adequacy) comprise:
- the balance sheet as at 30 September 2017;
- the income statement for the year then ended;
- the statement of comprehensive income for the year then ended;
- the statement of changes in equity for the year then ended;
- the statement of cash flows for the year then ended;
- the notes to the financial statements, which include significant accounting policies; and
- the supplementary information required by Schedules 4, 7, 10, 11 and 13 of the Order.
Our opinion
In our opinion:
- The aggregated financial statements (excluding the supplementary information disclosed in accordance with Schedules 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 13
of the Order and included within the balance sheet and Notes 14, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38 and 39):
(i) comply with generally accepted accounting practice in New Zealand;
(ii) comply with International Financial Reporting Standards; and
(iii) give a true and fair view of the financial position of the NZ Banking Group as at 30 September 2017, and its financial
performance and cash flows for the year then ended.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 65
Independent auditor’s report (continued)
- The supplementary information disclosed in accordance with Schedules 4, 7, 10, 11 and 13 of the Order and included within the balance sheet and
Notes 14, 33, 34, 36, 38 and 39:
(i) has been prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the guidelines issued under section 78(3) of the Reserve
Bank of New Zealand Act 1989 or any conditions of registration;
(ii) is in accordance with the books and records of the NZ Banking Group; and
(iii) fairly states, in all material respects, the matters to which it relates in accordance with those Schedules.
Basis for our o pinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (New Zealand) (ISAs ( NZ)) and International Standards on Auditing
(ISAs). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the aggregated financial
statements and supplementary information (excluding the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital
adequacy) section of our report.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Our audit approach
Overview
An audit is designed to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material
misstatement.
Overall NZ Banking Group materiality: $72.2 million, which represents 5% of profit before income tax (adjusted for the
impact of a non-recurring item).
We chose profit before income tax as the basis for our benchmark because, in our view, it is the benchmark against which the
performance of the NZ Banking Group is most commonly measured by users, and is a generally accepted benchmark. We
chose 5% based on our professional judgement, noting that it is also within the range of commonly accepted profit-related
thresholds.
We have determined that there are two key audit matters:
• Provisions for impairment charges on loans
• Operation of IT systems and controls
Materiality
The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality.
Based on our professional judgement, we determined certain quantitative thresholds for materiality, including the overall NZ Banking Group
materiality for the aggregated fi nancial statements as a whole as set out above. These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine
the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and to evaluate the effect of misstatements, both individually and in
aggregate, on the aggregated financial statements as a whole.
Audit scope
We designed our audit by assessing the risks of material misstatement in the aggregated financial statements and our application of materiality. As in
all of our audits, we also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including among other matters, consideration of whether
there was evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.
We tailored the scope of our audit in order to perform sufficient work to enable us to provide an opinion on the aggregated financial statements as a
whole, taking into account the structure of the NZ Banking Group, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which the NZ Banking
Group operates.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 66
Independent auditor’s report (continued)
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the aggregated financial statements for the current
year. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the aggregated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not
provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the Key Audit Matter
Provisions for impairment charges on loans
We focused on this area because of the highly subjective and complex
judgements made by the NZ Banking Group in determining the necessity
for, and then estimating the size of, provisions for impairment charges on
loans.
Provisions for impairment charges on loans that exceed specific
thresholds, are individually assessed by management with reference to the
estimated future cash repayments and proceeds from the realisation of
collateral held by the NZ Banking Group in respect of those loans.
If an individually assessed loan is not impaired, it is then included in a
group of loans with similar risk characteristics and, along with those loans
below the specific thresholds noted above, is collectively assessed on a
portfolio basis using models developed by the NZ Banking Group.
Key elements in the provisioning for impairment charges on loans include:
• the identification of impaired loans and the cash flow forecasts
(including the expected realisable value of any collateral held)
supporting the calculation of individually assessed provisions;
• the design of the impairment models used in the collectively
assessed provision calculations, and the appropriateness of the
key assumptions used in the impairment models, including the
emergence periods (EP) for unidentified impairments, the
probabilities of default (PD) and the loss given default (LGD)
factors; and
• the economic overlays added to the impairment models’
calculations, to reflect emerging trends or particular situations
which are not captured by the impairment models used.
Given the high level of subjectivity involved in estimating provisions for
impairment charges on loans, one of our areas of audit focus is to consider
whether the calculations and underlying assumptions are consistent with
those applied in the previous year, or that any changes are appropriate in
the circumstances.
See Notes 6 and 14 to the aggregated financial statements which explain
the critical accounting estimates and assumptions in determining
provisions for impairment charges on loans, including loss rates and
emergence periods.
We assessed the design and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls
over the provisioning for impairment charges on loans. The key controls
included:
• governance oversight, including the continuous re-assessment by the NZ
Banking Group that the impairment models are calibrated in a way
which is appropriate for the credit risks in the NZ Banking Group’s loan
portfolios;
• controls over timely identification of deterioration in credit quality of
individual loans;
• controls inherent in the IT systems that manage and transfer the data
between underlying source systems and the impairment models; and
• the review and approval process for the outputs of the impairment
models, and the adjustments and economic overlays that are applied to
the modelled outputs.
For a sample of individually assessed provisions, our work included:
• considering the latest developments as known to the NZ Banking Group
in relation to the borrower and the basis of measuring the impairment
provision;
• examining the forecast cash flows from the impaired borrowers, as
prepared by the NZ Banking Group, including the key assumptions in
relation to both the amount and timing of recoveries; and
• comparing the valuation of collateral held to external evidence (where
available) and assessing whether any independent expert advice was: (i)
up to date; (ii) consistent with the strategy being followed in respect of
the particular borrower; (iii) appropriate for the purpose; and (iv) used
in the impairment calculations.
For the collectively assessed provisions, which were calculated using impairment
models, our work included:
• recalculating the collective provisions using the key assumptions in the
models, such as PDs and LGDs;
• for a sample of collectively assessed provisions, considering the latest
financial information provided to the NZ Banking Group in relation to
the borrower as it related to the basis of measuring the impairment
provision; and
• performing sensitivity analyses on key assumptions.
For economic overlays to model calculations, we considered the potential for
impairment to be affected by events not captured by the NZ Banking Group’s
models, and assessed whether the economic overlays (for example, in relation to
the dairy sector) were appropriate.
We had no matters to report from the results of our procedures.
Westpac Banking Corporation – New Zealand Banking Group 67
Independent auditor’s report (continued)
Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the Key Audit Matter
Operation of IT systems and controls
We focused on this area because the NZ Banking Group is heavily
dependent on complex IT systems for the processing and recording of
significant volumes of transactions.
In considering the complexity of the NZ Banking Group’s processes and
the design of the internal control environment, there are some areas of the
audit where we seek to place reliance on automated controls or reports.
The effective operation of these areas is dependent on the NZ Banking
Group’s IT General Control (ITGC) environment. For example:
• change management internal controls are important because they
help ensure that changes to applications and data are authorised
and made appropriately;
• IT operations are important as they help ensure errors in
processing are resolved in a timely manner; and
• user access controls are important to help ensure staff have
appropriate access to IT systems and that access is monitored.
For significant financial statement balances we gained an understanding of the
business processes, key controls and IT systems used to generate and support
those balances. Where relevant to our planned audit approach, we assessed the
design and tested the operating effectiveness of the key controls which support
the continued integrity of the in-scope IT systems. This involved considering,
and where appropriate, testing the following ITGC domains:
• governance controls used to monitor and enforce internal control
consciousness throughout the NZ Banking Group’s technology teams
and third party suppliers;
• program change management controls used to create, test and authorise
changes to the functionality of systems;
• IT operations controls that help ensure any significant IT issues or
incidents are escalated and resolved in a timely manner; and
• user access security controls that help make sure that access to IT
systems are adequately restricted to appropriate personnel, periodically
reviewed and promptly removed when access is no longer required.
For in-scope IT systems where technology services are provided by a third party,
we:
• obtained assurance from the third party’s auditors on the design and
operating effectiveness of controls; and/or
• tested control design and operating effectiveness ourselves.
In performing our procedures over in-scope IT systems, we identified certain
deficiencies in IT internal controls which have impacted the level of reliance we
can directly place on the NZ Banking Group’s IT internal control environment.
In response, we carried out further direct tests of the operation of key programs
to establish the accuracy of calculations, the reliability of reports, and to assess
the operation of automated controls and technology-dependent manual controls
across the financial year.
We also performed additional compensating control tests and/or substantive
audit procedures over key financial balances where required to support our
audit.
Information other than the aggregated financial statements, supplementary information and auditor’s report
The Directors of Westpac Banking Corporation (the ‘Directors’) are responsible, on behalf of Westpac Banking Corporation, for the other information
included in the Disclosure Statement. Our opinion on the aggregated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express
any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the aggregated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider
whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the aggregated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise
appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed on the other information that we obtained prior to the date of this
auditor’s report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to
report in this regard.
Responsibilities of the Directors for the aggregated financial statements and supplementary information (excluding
the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy)
The Directors are responsible, on behalf of Westpac Banking Corporation, for the preparation and fair presentation of the aggregated financial
statements in accordance with Clause 25 of the Order, NZ IFRS and IFRS and that give a true and fair view of the matters to which they relate. The
Directors are also responsible for such internal controls as the Directors determine are necessary to enable the preparation of aggregated financial
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 68
Independent auditor’s report (continued)
In addition, the Directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of supplementary information in the Disclosure Statement which
complies with Schedules 2, 4, 7, 10, 11 and 13 of the Order.
In preparing the aggregated financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the NZ Banking Group’s ability to continue as a going
concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend
to liquidate the NZ Banking Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the aggregated financial statements and supplementary information
(excluding the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy)
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the aggregated financial statements and supplementary information (excluding the
supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy disclosed in Notes 35 and 36) disclosed in accordance
with Clause 25 and Schedules 4, 7, 10, 11 and 13 of the Order, are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an
auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in
accordance with ISAs (NZ) and ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the
basis of these aggregated financial statements.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the aggregated financial statements is located at the External Reporting Board’s website at:
http://www.xrb.govt.nz/standards-for-assurance-practitioners/auditors-responsibilities/audit-report-1
This description forms part of our auditor’s report.
Report on other legal and regulatory requirements (excluding the supplementary information
relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy)
We also report in accordance with the requirements of Clauses 2(1)(d) and 2(1)(e) of Schedule 1 of the Order. In relation to our audit of the aggregated
financial statements and supplementary information (excluding the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and
capital adequacy disclosed in Notes 35 and 36) for the year ended 30 September 2017:
(i) we have obtained all the information and explanations that we have required; and
(ii) in our opinion, proper accounting records have been kept by the NZ Banking Group as far as appears from an examination of those records.
Report on the review of the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk
exposures and capital adequacy
We have reviewed the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy required by Schedule 9 of the
Order as disclosed in Notes 35 and 36 of the aggregated financial statements of the NZ Banking Group for the year ended 30 September 2017.
Our conclusion
Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk
exposures and capital adequacy disclosed in Notes 35 and 36, is not in all material respects:
(i) prepared in accordance with Capital Adequacy Framework (Standardised Approach) (BS2A); and
(ii) disclosed in accordance with Schedule 9 of the Order.
This conclusion is to be read in the context of what we say in the remainder of this report.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 69
Independent auditor’s report (continued)
Basis for our conclusion
We conducted our review in accordance with the New Zealand Standard on Review Engagements 2410 Review of Financial Statements Performed by
the Independent Auditor of the Entity (NZ SRE 2410). Our responsibilities under this standard are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities
for the review of the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy section of our report.
Responsibilities of the Directors for the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures
and capital adequacy
The Directors are responsible, on behalf of Westpac Banking Corporation, for the preparation and fair presentation of the supplementary information
relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy that is prepared in accordance with the Capital Adequacy Framework (Standardised
Approach) (BS2A) and is disclosed in accordance with Schedule 9 of the Order. The Directors are also responsible for such internal controls as the
Directors determine are necessary to enable the preparation of the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital
adequacy that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the review of the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk
exposures and capital adequacy
Our responsibility is to express a conclusion, whether, based on our review, the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures
and capital adequacy disclosed in Notes 35 and 36, is not, in all material respects:
(i) prepared in accordance with Capital Adequacy Framework (Standardised Approach) (BS2A); and
(ii) disclosed in accordance with Schedule 9 of the Order.
A review in accordance with NZ SRE 2410 of the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy
disclosed in Notes 35 and 36 is a limited assurance engagement. The auditor performs procedures, primarily consisting of making enquiries, primarily
of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review procedures. The procedures performed in a
review are substantially less than those performed in an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (NZ) and ISAs. Accordingly we do not express an
audit opinion on the supplementary information relating to credit and market risk exposures and capital adequacy disclosed in Notes 35 and 36.
Westpac Banking Corporation - New Zealand Banking Group 70
Independent auditor’s report (continued)
Auditor independence
We are independent of the NZ Banking Group in accordance with Professional and Ethical Standard 1 (Revised) Code of Ethics for Assurance
Practitioners (PES 1) issued by the New Zealand Auditing and Assurance Standards Board and the International Ethics Standards Board for
Accountants’ Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code), and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with
these requirements.
Our firm carries out other services for the NZ Banking Group in the areas of other assurance services and agreed procedures. In addition, certain
partners and employees of our firm may deal with the NZ Banking Group and Westpac Banking Corporation Group on normal terms within the
ordinary course of trading activities of the NZ Banking Group and Westpac Banking Corporation Group. These matters have not impaired our
independence as auditor of the NZ Banking Group.
Who we report to
This report is made solely to the Director’s, as a body. Our work has been undertaken so that we might state those matters which we are required to
state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to
anyone other than Westpac Banking Corporation and the Director’s as a body, for our work, for this report or for the opinions we have formed.
The engagement partner on the engagement resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Jonathan Freeman.
For and on behalf of:
Chartered Accountants Auckland
6 December 2017
Data sourced from publicly available filings. Our datasets may not be complete. Automated analysis can produce errors. If you believe any data on this page is incorrect, please contact us at hello@nzxplorer.co.nz. For informational purposes only. Not investment advice.