Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited logo

LIC Board proposes simpler, fairer share structure

Strategic Review9 February 2018LICFinancials

Private Bag 3016
Hamilton 3240

New Zealand


0800 651 156

www.lic.co.nz

LIC is the trading name of Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited

Market statement

9 February 2018

LIC Board proposes simpler, fairer share structure

The Board of Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (NZX: LIC) (LIC) has released its

proposal to simplify LIC’s share structure by bringing the farmer-owned co-operative’s existing two

classes of shares together into a single class.

Share simplification proposal key points:

1. From two classes of shares to one

2. Fundamentals of co-operative protected

3. All shareholders will have a vote and receive dividends based on profitability

4. Share standard will increase

5. All shares will be listed and subject to market pricing

LIC currently has two classes of shares – co-operative control shares and investment shares,

which are listed on the NZX Alternative Market (NZAX).

Board Chair, Murray King, said the Board is pleased to recommend the new share structure to

shareholders following a comprehensive review of LIC’s share structure that began in 2016 in

response to concerns around the growing disparity between LIC’s two share classes.

The proposed new structure will:

• Protect the co-operative principles that are fundamental to LIC

• Ensure a fairer system that treats all shareholders equally

• Give LIC capital flexibility in the future

• Support LIC’s strategy (Vision, Purpose, Strategic Themes and Values)

• Deliver a simpler share structure with less hassle for shareholders and LIC

“Under the current share structure, co-operative shareholders have greater voting rights but have

limited exposure to the financial benefits of our recent transformation programme and future growth

opportunities. Conversely, investment shareholders, whilst having a right to a greater share of the

economic value created by LIC for its shareholders, have limited ability to control the strategy or

direction that LIC takes to optimise that value.

“This creates potentially serious conflicts between the two existing classes of shares. The Board

believes these conflicts will worsen over time and that now is the time to address these conflicts

given they will otherwise lead to issues for the on-going management and governance of LIC.

“The proposal will reduce this conflict, preserve LIC’s co-operative principles and allow us to focus

on a strategy designed to benefit all shareholders equally.


“Share simplification is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders and LIC. While the

impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for shareholders depending on their current

investment mix, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects,” he said.


Page 2 of 2

King said the Board of LIC along with the Shareholder Council recommend a Yes vote. The

Independent Adviser believes that, on balance, the proposal is in the best interests of both classes

of shareholders and LIC.

“It is unusual for a company to have two classes of shares. Moving to a single class of shares is

about future proofing LIC and ensuring a resilient and adaptable co-op for generations to come.

“For our co-op to stay strong, it is important that these changes happen. That’s why the Board has

made it an important part of its strategic roadmap for LIC, and spent the last 18 months working to

find a solution that is fair and as simple as possible.

“We urge shareholders to read the information coming to their mailboxes soon, and support the

proposal by voting yes.

“Two classes of shares with unequal rights are not suitable for this modern, progressive co-op.”

The changes will only happen if approved by co-operative shareholders and investment

shareholders, each to a level of 75% or more of the votes received.

A description of how, and the relative values at which, the share simplification would be

implemented and the advice from the Independent Adviser that supports the proposal is set out in

the attached Introduction to LIC’s Share Simplification Booklet and the Notice of Meeting. These

contain important information.

Information about the proposal is available on LIC’s website and detailed information packs will be

mailed to all shareholders next week. The information packs outline the proposal, how it would be

implemented and provide an exact breakdown of how each LIC shareholding would change under

the proposed share simplification process.

The proposal is now subject to a shareholder vote which can be done online, by post, in person or

by proxy at a Special Meeting at LIC’s head office in Newstead, Hamilton on 14 March 2018.

Voting papers and Notice of Meeting details are contained in the information packs.

More information about the proposed changes is available at www.lic.co.nz/vote.

ENDS

Media contact: Ashleigh Sattler ashleigh.sattler@lic.co.nz 027 617 1942

For any shareholder enquiries please phone 0800 264 632

About LIC

LIC is a farmer-owned co-operative that provides a range of services and solutions to improve the productivity and

prosperity of farmers. This includes dairy genetics, information technology, herd testing, DNA parentage verification and

farm advisory services through FarmWise. Subsidiary business LIC Automation also provides integrated automation

systems and unique milk testing sensors that present real-time data while a cow is being milked. With origins dating back

to 1909, LIC has a long history of world-leading innovations for the dairy industry.

Today the New Zealand-based co-operative employs more than 700 permanent staff, swelling to 2000 during the peak

dairy mating season. LIC also has offices in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia. All LIC profit is returned to its

farmer owners/shareholders in dividends or re-investment for new solutions, research and development. www.lic.co.nz

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NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING AND
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Share Simplification Proposal

Single Share Structure

LIVESTOCK IMPROVEMENT

CORPORATION LIMITED

February 2018

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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

1


IMPORTANT TRANSACTION FOR LIC SHAREHOLDERS

Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (LIC) is proposing

to make some important changes to its share structure. There

are various steps required to effect the reorganisation of

LIC’s share structure. These steps and associated changes

described in this document are collectively referred to as the

“Proposal”.

Each Shareholder has been sent an “Information Pack” which

requires your immediate attention. The Board strongly advises

that you read it carefully and in full before deciding how to vote.

The Information Pack includes:

• a letter from the Chairman of LIC, Introduction to the

Proposal, and Q&A;

• this Notice of Special Meeting and Explanatory

Memorandum (this document);

• the Independent Adviser’s Report commissioned by LIC;

and

• a Voting Form / Proxy Appointment Form.

The Information Pack is intended to inform you about the

Proposal, enable you to consider its implications, and help you

decide whether to vote for or against the Resolutions.

This document is a limited disclosure document for the

purposes of clause 24 of Schedule 1 to the Financial Markets

Conduct Act 2013 (FMCA) (the variations exclusion) and clause

35 of Schedule 8 of the Financial Markets Conduct Regulations

2014 (Regulations). The variations exclusion allows LIC to offer

a variation of the terms of a security (in this case, both LIC’s

Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares) without

the need for a product disclosure statement. The limited

disclosure document must meet the disclosure requirements

prescribed by clause 35 of Schedule 8 of the Regulations.

If you choose not to vote at all, whether the Resolutions are

passed or not will be determined solely by reference to the

number of votes cast by the shareholders who do vote. If the

Proposal is approved, it will be implemented and apply to all

Shareholders, regardless of whether or not they voted.

The full copy of the Independent Adviser’s Report by

Northington Partners is provided with this document and a

summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report is set out on

page 14 of this document. A summary of the proposed changes

to the Constitution is provided in Schedule 2

and the full copy of the New Constitution is available at

www.lic.co.nz/vote

You should note the risk factors associated with an investment

in LIC described on page 6 and in Schedule 3.

NO INVESTMENT ADVICE

The Information Pack has been prepared without reference to

the commercial or investment objectives, financial and taxation

situation or particular needs of any Shareholder or any other

person or entity. The information and recommendations

contained in the Information Pack do not constitute, and

should not be taken as, financial or investment advice.

The Board encourages you to seek independent financial,

investment or other professional advice before making

any decision as to whether or not to vote in favour of the

Resolutions or any other investment decision in connection with

any matter related to the Information Pack.


NZAX LISTING

Application has been made to New Zealand’s stock exchange

(NZX) for permission to quote the Ordinary Shares on the NZX

Alternative Market (NZAX) if the Proposal is approved. All

requirements of NZX relating to the application that can be

complied with on or before the date of this Information Pack

have been duly complied with. However, NZX accepts no

responsibility for any statement in this Information Pack. The

NZAX is a licensed market operated by NZX, which is a licensed

market operator regulated under the FMCA.


DEFINED TERMS

Unless otherwise indicated, capitalised terms used in this

document have the specific meaning given to them in the

Glossary on page 40 of this document.


DATE OF THIS DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION PACK

This document and the Information Pack are dated

9 February 2018.

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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3


SECTION A

Introducing the Proposal 5

Introduction – Have your say on LIC’s Future 5

Key Points 5

Proposal Recommended by the Board and Shareholder Council 6

Independent Adviser’s Report 6

Key risks 6

What you need to do 7

Key dates 8

Approval Timetable for the Proposal 8

Implementation Timetable for the Proposal (if approved) 9

Overview of the Proposal 10

Summary of Impact of the Proposal 12

Impact of the Proposal on Existing Shareholders 12

Summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report 14

The Proposal in More Detail 18

Why does LIC need a single share structure? 18

What does the Proposal involve? 21

How will the Proposal be Implemented? 27

Governance of LIC and Representation of Farmers 27

Qualifying Expenditure 28

Taxation Implication for NZ Resident Shareholders 28

Overview of the Structure Post Capital Reclassification 29


SECTION B

Notice of Special Meeting 32

Resolutions 32

Eligibility to Vote and Required Approvals 33

How to Cast a Vote 34

Explanation of the Resolutions and Additional Information 36

Glossary 40

SCHEDULE 1 Summary of Shareholding Rights between Classes 42

SCHEDULE 2 Summary of the Changes to the Constitution 44

SCHEDULE 3 Risks Affecting an Investment in LIC 49

SCHEDULE 4 Roadshow Timetable 52

DIRECTORY 58


Note: The Independent Adviser’s Report has been circulated with this document.


Contents

ENQUIRIES

Enquiries in connection with the Information Pack can be directed to your broker, financial, investment, or other professional

adviser. If you have any questions about the number of Shares you hold in LIC, or how to vote or complete the Voting Form,

please contact the Election Helpline on 0800 666 033.

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SECTION A

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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5


SECTION A: INTRODUCING THE PROPOSAL

Introducing the Proposal

Introduction – Have Your Say on LIC’s Future

LIC is proposing to simplify its share structure so that it will have

a single class of Ordinary Shares. This Proposal is part of a

broader process of change and transformation that LIC began

in 2016. The focus of this process is to help ensure a resilient

and adaptive co-operative that is able to respond in an agile

way to challenges and opportunities that may lay ahead.

The overriding priority of the Board in reaching this point has

been protecting the co-operative principles that are at the

heart of LIC and helping prepare it for the future. The Proposal

detailed in this document does just that.

You will have received with this document a letter from Murray

King, the Chairman of LIC, and an Introduction to the Proposal.

This document should be read together with those documents,

as this document provides more detail about the Proposal and

includes details of the notice of the meeting at which you will be

asked to vote on the Proposal.

It is important that you understand what is being proposed and

you are actively involved in the decision making. A Roadshow

has been arranged to allow us to answer any questions you

may have. In addition, you will shortly be contacted directly by

an LIC representative to talk through how you can vote and to

answer any further questions you may have.

Most importantly, we want you to vote. If the Proposal is

approved, it will be binding on all Shareholders, whether or not

they voted for the Proposal.

All Co-operative Control Shareholders and Investment

Shareholders will be entitled to vote on the Proposal. Details

on eligibility to vote on the Resolutions proposed and how to

cast your vote are set out on page 33 of this document.

Have your say on LIC’s future – vote online, in person,

via postal vote, or appoint a proxy to vote on your behalf.

See page 8 for relevant deadlines for submitting your vote.

Key Points

• LIC will move from having two classes of shares, being

Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares, to a

single class of Ordinary Shares. The existing Shares will

be reclassified as Ordinary Shares after adjustment for

their relative rights and values.

• The fundamentals of the co-operative will be preserved.

• The Share Standard will increase but, at Implementation,

additional shares will be issued on a nil-paid basis (to

be repaid over time as described on page 24) to ensure

all existing Shareholders comply with the new Share

Standard at Implementation.

• Following Implementation, each Ordinary Share will have

a vote and will be entitled to receive dividends based on

LIC’s profit.

• The Ordinary Shares will be traded on the NZAX

1

and

subject to market pricing. All Shareholders will be able

to benefit from dividends and capital appreciation over

time if the Shares increase in value, noting that the

Shares may also reduce in value.


An overview of the Proposal is set out in this document under

the headings

Overview of the Proposal and Summary of Impact

of the Proposal. The Overview describes where Shareholders

can find more information later in this document.


1. Provided they are fully paid up.

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Proposal Recommended by the

Board and Shareholder Council

The LIC Board and the Shareholder Council both fully support

the Proposal and recommend that all Shareholders vote

in favour of the Resolutions proposed. Each Director has

indicated that he or she will be voting the Shares they control

in favour of all of the Resolutions.

Independent Adviser’s Report

The LIC Board has commissioned Northington Partners to

assess the rationale for the Proposal, its merits and relative

fairness to the holders of Co-operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares.

The Independent Adviser has concluded that, on balance,

it is in the best interests of both classes of Shareholders

and LIC.

A summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report is set out on

page 14. A full copy of the Independent Adviser’s Report is

circulated with this document. You are encouraged to read the

Independent Adviser’s Report in full.

Key Risks

Any investment in LIC will be subject to industry and LIC-

specific risks, and your exposure to these risks may change

as a consequence of the Proposal being implemented.

These risks relate to the financial position and performance

of LIC, and to LIC’s ability to deliver products and services

to its Shareholders. In particular, under the Proposal, the

value of the Shares going forward will be determined by the

market and will move up and down depending on a variety

of factors, including LIC’s performance and other external

macroeconomic and geopolitical factors. That means any

Shareholders looking to buy or sell Shares will be exposed to

market price risk.

Shareholders should consider these potential risks, the

likelihood of a risk event occurring, and the impact it may have

on a Shareholder’s investment. Schedule 3 of this document

outlines the key risks to LIC’s business and your investment

identified by the Directors and includes an assessment of the

exposure and any steps LIC has taken, or proposes to take, to

mitigate such risks.

SECTION A: INTRODUCING THE PROPOSAL

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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7


What You Need To Do

DETAILS STEP

1. Read and carefully consider the Information Pack The Information Pack contains the information your Board

believes will assist you to understand the Proposal and the

reasons for it.

2. Consider the Notice of Special Meeting

included in this document

The Notice of Special Meeting outlines your eligibility to vote

on the Proposal, the voting process and the key dates and

deadlines. If you are eligible to vote, choose the voting method

that suits you best and diarise the relevant deadlines. If you

are not attending the Special Meeting in person, you will need

to submit the relevant forms in advance in order to vote.

3. Participate in the process and be informedAttend your nearest Roadshow. Details of the Roadshow are

set out in Schedule 4 and you can choose which Roadshow

meeting to attend. If you have any questions or want

further information about the Proposal, voting process or

Implementation, please be sure to ask. The contact details are

set out in the Directory at the back of this document. You may

also wish to consult with your usual financial, investment or

other professional adviser.

4. Vote on the ProposalMake sure you vote on the Proposal by attending the meeting

in person, appointing a proxy to attend the meeting in your

place, or submitting a postal or electronic vote in advance

of the Special Meeting. Check page 34 of this document for

detailed requirements for your preferred voting method.

During the voting period, if you have not voted, you will receive

“reminder to vote” emails from iro@electionz.com.

SECTION A: INTRODUCING THE PROPOSAL

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Keys Dates

Approval Timetable for the Proposal

The below timetable outlines the process for the approval of the Proposal.

D AT ETIMEDETAILS

26 Feb 2018 –

9 March 2018

Roadshow to introduce the Proposal and answer any

questions on the Proposal (see Schedule 4 for details).

6 March 20185.00 pmShareholders’ voting eligibility determined. Any

Shareholder on the share register as at 5.00 pm on

this date will be eligible to vote the Shares they hold

at that time.

12 March 201810.30 amCut-off for receipt of postal voting and proxy forms.

Internet voting closes.

14 March 201810.30 amSpecial Meeting is held at LIC’s Tempero Centre, Cnr.

Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton, with

registration starting from 9.30 am.

SECTION A: KEY DATES

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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9


Implementation Timetable for the Proposal

(if approved)

The timetable below shows how the Proposal will be implemented, if approved. These steps will take effect in the order listed below.

The dates listed below may be subject to change, as may be approved by the Board and Announced to Shareholders.

D AT E

2

TIMEACTION

14 March 2018On passing of the ResolutionsExisting Constitution is amended in accordance with

Resolution 2(a) (see Section B of this document).

5 July 2018Notice of Implementation Date is Announced to

Shareholders.

16 July 20185.00 pmTrading in Investment Shares is suspended.

19 July 2018New Co-operative Control Shares are issued / relevant

excess Co-operative Control Shares are redeemed in any

such case to meet the Share Standard as part of LIC's

2018 Annual Update.

19 July 2018Share Standard is amended in accordance with Resolution

1(a) (effective immediately after LIC's 2018 Annual

Update).

19 July 2018New Co-operative Control Shares are issued on a nil

paid basis (with the liability of $1 per new Share to be

repaid over time) and Co operative Control Shareholders

subscribe for those Shares to meet the new Share

Standard in accordance with Resolution 1(b).

Investment Shares are subdivided in accordance with

Resolution 1(c).

19 July 2018The existing Constitution is revoked and the New

Constitution is adopted in accordance with Resolution

2(d).

All Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares

are Reclassified into Ordinary Shares in accordance with

Resolutions 2(b) and 2(c).

23 July 201810.00 amTrading in Ordinary Shares opens.

SECTION A: KEY DATES



2. These dates are subject to change, as stated above.

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Overview of the Proposal

TOPICSUMMARYSEE ALSO

Why does LIC

need a new share

structure?

Protecting the Co-operative: The overriding priority is protecting the co-operative

principles that are at the heart of LIC. The Proposal will allow LIC to continue to

look after the interests of all its Shareholders with the core services it provides,

while also enabling it to generate sufficient profits to better position it for the future.

Page 18

To be fair to all: The Proposal seeks to remove the tension in LIC's share structure

which exists because of the different rights between the two classes of Shares.

The Co-operative Control Shares have substantively all voting rights and the

Investment Shares have most of the economic rights.

Page 19

Capital flexibility: The proposed capital structure would give LIC greater flexibility

to address any future capital needs, noting that LIC has no current intention to

seek investment from a third-party investor for either LIC or LIC Agritechnology

Company Limited. If LIC wishes to introduce further equity funding from a third-

party investor for LIC or LIC Agritechnology Company Limited in the future, it would

seek Shareholder approval for it at that time. However, LIC may acquire interests

in other companies, make further minority or majority investments, and form joint

ventures from time to time as it grows and diversifies the business.

Page 20

Supporting LIC's strategy: Moving to a single class structure is an important part

of ensuring LIC Shareholders’ collective voice is heard on LIC’s strategy without the

conflicting perspectives that arise from the different rights attaching to the two

classes of Shares.

Page 20

Simplicity: Having a single Share structure will simplify the administrative

requirements for both LIC and its Shareholders and assist to make the share

structure more easily understood by LIC's stakeholders.

Page 20

What does the

Proposal involve?

Move to a single class of Shares: In broad terms, the Proposal involves

reclassifying all Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares into a single

class of Ordinary Shares.

Page 21

Need to equalise values between the classes: Because Investment Shares are

worth more than Co-operative Control Shares, Co-operative Control Shareholders

will need to invest additional capital over time to bridge this gap. This will be

done by way of an issue of additional Co-operative Control Shares to holders of

Co-operative Control Shares on a nil paid basis (Nil Paid Shares), meaning the

Shareholders receiving these Shares will owe $1 for each such Share and will be

required to pay for them over time in the way described below.

Page 21

SECTION A: OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSAL

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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11


TOPICSUMMARYSEE ALSO

What does the

Proposal involve?

Cont

Additional investment met from dividend flow: Co-operative Control

Shareholders will meet their additional investment obligation from dividends

paid on all Nil Paid Shares and other Ordinary Shares held to meet the Share

Standard

3

. Dividends on all other Shares, including Investment Shares

reclassified into Ordinary Shares will continue to be paid to Shareholders to do

with as they wish.

Page 23

NZAX listing: Ordinary Shares will trade on the stock exchange with a market

price and there will no longer be a $1 Co-operative Control Share. The price

of Ordinary Shares will likely move up and down over time. Importantly, if a

Shareholder is required to purchase more Shares to meet the Share Standard,

the Shares will need to be purchased via the market or from another Shareholder

(unless LIC decides in the future to issue more Shares). The price paid for these

Shares will vary. If a Shareholder fails to purchase the Shares needed to meet

the Share Standard, LIC will purchase the necessary Shares on behalf of the

Shareholder.

Page 23

Share Standard reset: The Share Standard will be reset to one Share for

every $6.25 of Qualifying Expenditure from the current $1 of share capital for

every $25 of Qualifying Expenditure. The Nil Paid Shares to be issued to Co-

operative Control Shareholders on Implementation can be used to meet the

Share Standard so all Shareholders will automatically meet the Share Standard

following Implementation. Going forward, Shareholders will be required to

purchase additional Shares if required to do so to meet the Share Standard. The

price of the Shares will have no effect on the number of Shares a Shareholder is

required to hold under the Share Standard and the new Share Standard will test

compliance by reference to the number of Shares rather than their value.

Page 24

Constitutional changes: The Proposal will result in a relatively substantial

number of changes to LIC's Constitution. Most of the changes are consequential

– that is, they reflect the key elements of the Proposal described in this

document. Some changes have also been made to increase the flexibility of the

Board's decision-making ability with respect to changes to the Share Standard,

Minimum Purchases Amount and Qualifying Products and Services.

Page 26

What are the

conditions to the

Proposal?

The Proposal will only take effect if approved by holders of Co-operative Control

Shares and Investment Shares, each to a level of 75% of the votes received. The

changes to the Constitution are subject to Ministerial consent.

Page 27

How will the

Proposal be

implemented?

Implementation of the Proposal, if approved by Shareholders, will take place in

July 2018 as part of the 2018 Annual Update (except for Resolution 2(a) which will

take effect immediately upon approval of the Resolutions).

Before the Reclassification takes effect, Shareholders' current holdings of

Co-operative Control Shares will be adjusted by reference to their Qualifying

Expenditure in the 2017/2018 season.

Page 27

SECTION A: OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSAL


3. If a Shareholder wishes to sell a Nil Paid Share before it has been paid up through dividends or otherwise, that Shareholder will need to pay it up out of their own resources

before it can be sold. See page [ ] for more information.

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Summary of Impact of the Proposal


A detailed comparison of the rights attaching to each of the Co-operative Control Shares, the Investment Shares and the

Ordinary Shares is set out in Schedule 1. A summary of the key impacts on Co-operative Control Shareholders and the Investment

Shareholders is set out below.

Impact of the Proposal on Existing Shareholders

WHAT DO I HAVE THAT IS CHANGING? WHAT DO I GET?

Co-operative

Control

Shareholders

Your Co-operative Control Shares.A Shareholder will receive, for each

Co-operative Control Share they hold:

• One fully paid Ordinary Share; and

• Three Nil Paid Shares. Nil Paid Shares

must be paid up over time but have full

dividend and voting rights even while not

fully paid.

For example: A Shareholder holding 20

Co-operative Control Shares will receive

20 Ordinary Shares and 60 Nil Paid Shares.

They will have an outstanding liability on

their Nil Paid Shares of $1 per Share.

Co-operative Control Share priority dividend

(based on the first mortgage lending rate of LIC's

principal banks in respect of secured loans made

to dairy farmers) and priority rights to capital on

liquidation.

A right to any dividends declared by LIC

largely determined by reference to LIC’s

profits. These will be paid equally to all

Shareholders (there will be no priority).

Dividends received on all Nil Paid Shares and

any Ordinary Shares held to meet the Share

Standard must be applied to pay up the Nil

Paid Shares. See page 27 for an example.

The right and obligation to redeem Co-operative

Control Shares at nominal value of $1.

Co-operative Control Shareholders currently do

not share in any capital appreciation.

For example: If a Co-operative Control

Shareholder holding 1,000 Co-operative Control

Shares has reduced their Qualifying Expenditure in

the last season so that it is required and permitted

to hold only 800 Co-operative Control Shares, they

must redeem the excess 200 Co-operative Control

Shares by returning them to LIC and receiving $1

per Share, or $200 in total.

Shares may no longer be redeemed and must

be sold to another Shareholder directly or

on the share market at the prevailing market

price. Shares will benefit from any capital

appreciation but may also reduce in value.

If a Shareholder is required to purchase

further Shares in the future in order to meet

the Share Standard, they will need to be

bought at the then prevailing market price.

For example: If a Shareholder holding

1,000 Shares has reduced their Qualifying

Expenditure in the last season in such a way

that it is now required to hold only 800 Shares

under the new Share Standard, they may

choose to:

• sell the excess 200 Shares, provided

these Shares are fully paid, on the NZAX

or directly to another Shareholder. Those

Shares would be sold at market price; or

• retain those Shares.

SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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13


WHAT DO I HAVE THAT IS CHANGING? WHAT DO I GET?

Voting rights. Co-operative Control Shareholders

currently hold 100% of voting rights (other than

with respect to matters affecting the rights of the

Investment Shareholders).

The Proposal will result in voting rights on

all Shares. Co-operative Control Shares will

be reclassified into Ordinary Shares holding

voting rights. Because Investment Shares

will also be reclassified into Ordinary Shares

with voting rights, the total voting rights

attributable to the Co-operative Control

Shares will be diluted. Based on the current

ratio of Co-operative Control Shares to

Investment Shares, it is expected that Co-

operative Control Shares (together with any

Nil Paid Shares issued as part of the Proposal)

will collectively be attributed approximately

18% of total votes following Implementation.

The final percentage will be determined once

adjustments are made to the total number of

Co-operative Control Shares at the time of

the 2018 Annual Update. LIC does not expect

that change to be material but it could vary by

several percent.

Control over Director appointments. The Proposal will give voting rights to all

Shareholders who will be able to participate

in all voting decisions, including Director

appointments, in a manner provided in the

New Constitution.

Investment

Shareholders

Your Investment Shares. A Shareholder will receive four fully paid

Ordinary Shares for each Investment Share

they hold.

A dividend declared by LIC, after payment of the

priority dividend payable to holders of the Co-

operative Control Shares.

A right to any dividends declared by LIC

largely determined by LIC’s profit. The

Proposal will ensure all Shares have equal

dividend rights, with no priority. Based on

the current ratio of Investment Shares to

Co-operative Control Shares, it is expected

that Investment Shares will collectively

be attributed approximately 82% of the

total dividend rights immediately following

Implementation. The final percentage will be

determined once adjustments are made to the

total number of Co-operative Control Shares

at the time of the 2018 Annual Update.

Investment Shareholders currently have no voting

rights except with respect to matters affecting the

rights of the Investment Shareholders.

As explained above, the Proposal will

give full voting rights on all Shares.

Upon Implementation, former Investment

Shareholders will collectively hold

approximately 82% of voting rights

(including Director appointment rights).

The final percentage will be determined once

adjustments are made to the total number

of Co-operative Control Shares at the time of

the 2018 Annual Update.

SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL

Impact of the Proposal on Existing Shareholders

14
|

LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report

SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL

Northington Partners Limited

Mergers, Acquisitions & Divestments • Debt & Equity Capital Raising • Corporate Finance




9 February 2018


The Board of Directors

Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited

Private Bag 3016

Hamilton 3240


Dear Directors


Introduction

Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (“LIC” or the “Company”) is a user-owned co-operative

that develops, produces and markets artificial breeding, genetics, farm software, farm automation

and herd testing services to over 10,000 New Zealand dairy farmers and international customers.

The Company currently has two classes of shares:

▪ “Co-operative Control Shares” – 100% owned by LIC customers, who must subscribe for

shares with a nominal value equal to 4% of their Qualifying Expenditure with the Company

over the preceding dairy season; and

▪ “Investment Shares” - lis ted on the NZAX market, with trading restricted to Co-operative

Control Shareholders.

In response to inherent conflicts between the holders of the two classes of shares, LIC began a

comprehensive review of its share structure two years ago. A number of alternative structures have

been evaluated and the LIC Board has now resolved to proceed with a proposal to simplify the

Company’s capital structure and move to a single class of Ordinary Shares (the “Proposal”).

The LIC Board has commissioned Northington Partners Limited (“Northington Partners”) to

prepare an Independent Appraisal Report (“IAR”) in relation to the Proposal. While a report is not

formally required from a regulatory point of view, it will be made available to all shareholders to

ensure that they are appropriately informed when deciding whether or not to approve the relevant

resolutions in relation to the Proposal.

The principal purpose of the IAR is to provide an independent assessment of the rationale for the

Proposal, its merits and the fairness to the holders of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment

Shares respectively. These issues are all considered within the context of the current purpose and

potential future strategy of the Company.

This letter summarises the findings of our IAR.

Summary of the Proposal

Full details of the Proposal are set out in the Notice of Special Meeting and Explanatory

Memorandum (“Notice of Meeting”) including a description of the background and purpose of the

Proposal, as well as details on the mechanics of the process and the impact of the changes for

each individual shareholder.

Table 1 summarises the key features of the two share classes currently on issue.

Auckland

+64 9 913 4600

Level 26, 151 Queen St

PO Box 105-384

Auckland 1143


Christchurch

+64 3 378 2105

L4, 70 Gloucester Street

PO Box 13-804

Christchurch 8011


www.northington.co.nz

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

15


SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 2

Summary of our Assessment

Table 1: Summary of Key Features of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares

Feature Co-operative Control Shares Investment Shares

Shares on

Issue

6,281,892 (18% of total shares on issue) 29,528,590 (82% of total shares on issue)

Voting

Rights

1


Full standard voting rights Voting rights only in respect of matters

affecting their rights and in the event of a

liquidation of the Company

Dividend

Policy

Receive preferred dividends based on

Westpac New Zealand’s farm first mortgage

interest rates (to the extent they are paid)

Receive ordinary dividends based on LIC’s

financial performance

Ownership

Requirement

Must hold shares with aggregate nominal

value equal to 4% of expenditure on LIC’s

qualifying products or services (assuming

this expenditure is more than $500)

No obligation to own Investment Shares

Ownership

Restrictions

Cannot be traded; shares are issued or

redeemed by the Company so that

customers remain compliant with the Share

Standard


Can only be traded between Co-operative

Control shareholders. A shareholder can

own a maximum of 5% of Investment Shares

on issue and must sell within two years of no

longer holding Co-operative Control Shares

Number of

Shareholders

10,212 6,691

Share

Trading and

Redemption

Issued and redeemed by LIC at a nominal

value of $1.00 per share

Traded on the NZAX through registered

brokers or directly between shareholders off-

market

1

Any single shareholder is limited to 1% of total voting rights.

Under the Proposal, all shares in LIC will be reclassified into a single class of shares which are

Ordinary Shares. The steps involved in the process are set out in the Notice of Meeting under the

section titled “What does the Proposal involve” and are designed to deliver an outcome whereby

the aggregate number (and value) of Ordinary Shares held by each group of shareholders is

consistent with the number of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares that are

currently on issue.

Summary of our Assessment of the Proposal

A full assessment of the merits of the Proposed Transaction for LIC shareholders is set out in the

IAR which accompanies the Notice of Meeting sent to LIC shareholders. Table 2 below summarises

the conclusions contained in the IAR.

Table 2: Summary of Conclusions

Item Key Conclusions

Overview

▪ The current share structure creates potential conflicts between the Co-operative

Control Shares and the Investment Shares, which in turn gives rise to a number of

issues for the on-going management and governance of the Company.

▪ The key conflicts relate to shareholders at two ends of the Co-operative Control

Share and Investment Share ownership spectrum (those having the majority of

their investment in LIC weighted to either class). Shareholders weighted to Co-

operative Control Shares have greater voting rights but a limited share in the future

prospects of the Company or exposure to the potential financial benefits of LIC’s

recent transformation programme and new growth opportunities. Conversely, those

shareholders with more Investment Shares obtain a greater share of the economic

value of LIC and its potential future growth with no ability to control the strategy or

direction of the Company.

▪ These potential conflicts are exacerbated by the fact that the shareholders do not

own the same proportions of the two share classes; for example, about 36% of

shareholders only hold Co-operative Control Shares, while another 31% are

overweight in Investment Shares (own a higher ratio of Investment Shares

16
|

LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report Cont

SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 3

Summary of our Assessment

Item Key Conclusions

compared to the overall ratio of 18% Co-operative Control Shares / 82%

Investment Shares).

▪ We believe that simplifying the capital structure to one class of share now is a

sensible goal. Doing so will eliminate the conflict, preserve the company’s co-

operative principles and allow the Company to focus on a strategy designed to

benefit all shareholders equally.

▪ Unfortunately, the proposed implementation process is relatively complicated and

has different impacts for different groups of shareholders, largely dependent on the

relative holding of Co-operative Control Shares compared to Investment Shares.

▪ Those shareholders who currently only own Co-operative Control Shares are likely

to do so simply to meet the Share Standard required to access LIC’s goods and

services. The Proposal results in these farmers both increasing their investment in

LIC through Nil Paid Shares (in essence, an interest free loan from the Company)

and, given the terms of the Ordinary Shares, effectively converting their exposure

to the Company to more of a standard commercial interest. This commercial focus

is more in line with the current objectives of the Investment Shares.

▪ While some of the current shareholders who are underweight in Investment Shares

may view the consequences of the Proposal negatively, we suggest that the

impacts on an individual basis are relatively limited. Most farmers’ investment in

LIC is not very material in the context of their overall farming operations and the

Proposal will not significantly change that position.

▪ Those shareholders overweight in Investment Shares are giving up some

economic value in LIC through a reduced share of the future profits of the

Company but obtain voting rights that will provide greater influence over the

strategy and future direction of the Company (including the ability to vote on

director appointments). This change will ensure Investment Shareholders have

greater ability to preserve their economic interests.

▪ When considered across all LIC shareholders, we conclude that the benefits of the

Proposal outweigh the potential negative impacts for some groups of existing

shareholders.

Relative Value

Attributed to

Investment

Shares

▪ Implementation of the Proposal requires an assessment of the current intrinsic

value of the Investment Shares compared to the $1.00 nominal value attributed to

the Co-operative Control Shares. The relative value attributed to each share class

is important because it determines how much of the total economic value of the

business is allocated to each group of shareholders as part of the Proposal.

▪ Based on a range of factors, including independent expert advice, the LIC Board

has attributed a relative value of $4.00 to each Investment Share. This is broadly in

line with our assessed value range for the Investment Shares of between $3.81

and $4.88 per share, with a mid-point of $4.34.

▪ We therefore conclude that the adopted Investment Share value of $4.00 per share

is fair to all shareholders.

Impact on

Control

Position of the

Company

▪ Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the Company are

attached to the Co-operative Control Shares. Following completion of the Proposal,

all Ordinary Shares on issue will have voting rights and the distribution of voting

rights amongst shareholders will change.

▪ The Proposal would have no impact on the control position if all shareholders held

the same ratio of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares. However,

the shareholders who are underweight in Investment Shares will end up with a

lower level of voting rights and those with an overweight position in Investment

Shares will increase their relative voting control.

▪ These changes for individual farmers are not material. No shareholder currently

has a significant control position in LIC and the Proposal will not change that

position at an individual farmer level.

▪ However, the overall control position for the group of farmers who currently only

own Co-operative Control Shares will be materially affected, moving from 40% of

the total voting rights on issue down to 7%. Conversely, the total voting rights

currently held by those shareholders who are characterised as being overweight in

Investment Shares will increase from 26% to 69%.

▪ That means that a significant block of voting rights will effectively be transferred

from a group of shareholders who currently have limited commercial interest in the

Company (via either zero or a limited position in Investment Shares) to those that

are currently most focused on commercial outcomes (holding a relatively high

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

17


SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 4

Summary of our Assessment

Item Key Conclusions

number of Investment Shares). In effect these shareholders are giving up their

voting interests in exchange for a greater entitlement to the future profits of LIC.

▪ While these changes are important, we note that if the Proposal does go ahead, all

shareholders should then be uniformly focused on commercial returns irrespective

of their current relative holdings in Co-operative Control Shares and Investment

Shares.

Other

Implications for

LIC

Shareholders

The Proposal will have a range of other potential implications for all LIC shareholders:

▪ Share Standard: A number of changes to the current Share Standard are

proposed as part of the Proposal. We believe that these will provide some benefits

to both the Company and its shareholders in the future and will be implemented in

a way which has limited short-term impact on the current shareholders.

▪ Market Price Risk: All Ordinary Shares will be subject to market price risk and

may trade at prices above or below the implied issue price at inception (which is

based on the assessed $4.00 value of the Investment Shares). The risk is

especially relevant to farmers who may be looking to retire in the short term and

will therefore need to sell all of their shares. In relation to the nil paid Ordinary

Shares issued in exchange for Co-operative Control Shares, it is possible that a

retiring farmer will need to pay-up the share to $1.00 and then sell the share on-

market at a lower price.

▪ Liquidity: While the Investment Shares are currently listed on the NZAX market,

liquidity is extremely low. We believe that there could be a higher level of liquidity

in the Ordinary Shares following the Proposal, but note that the improvement is

likely to be modest.

▪ Dividends Returns: Shareholders will be giving up the preferred dividend on their

Co-operative Control Shares for ordinary dividends meaning all shareholders’

future dividends will be directly linked to the future financial performance of LIC.

While LIC paid no dividends on Co-operative Control or Investment Shares in

FY17, assuming future dividends in-line with historic averages, shareholders with

no Investment Shares (or underweight Investment Shares) will receive a greater

share of future total dividends and shareholders overweight Investment Shares will

suffer a modest level of dilution in exchange for greater control. Shareholders with

a relatively balanced level of Co-operative Control to Investment Shares will

receive similar dividend returns to what they do currently.

Conclusion

On balance, we believe that the Proposal is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders

and the Company. While the impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for some groups of

shareholders depending on their current relative investment in Co-operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects. The current

dual share structure gives rise to a potentially serious conflict of interest between the two

shareholder groups and poses a considerable barrier to meeting the objectives of the Company.

The reclassification to one class of Ordinary Shares will ensure that the Company can retain its co-

operative principles while focusing on a future strategy that optimises the outcomes for all

shareholders.

Yours faithfully

Northington Partners Limited


Greg Anderson

Director

+64 9 302-6211 | +64 27 457-6780

greg.anderson@northington.co.nz

18
|

LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

The Proposal in more detail

Why does LIC need a single share structure?

History

In 2003, LIC Shareholders voted to move to two classes of

Shares – Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares.

The share structure change was driven by a number of reasons

at the time including:

• a desire to give Shareholders a greater share in the

Co-operative’s value;

• providing Shareholders choice over the degree of their

exposure to investment risk; and

• supporting a strategy of growth and giving LIC more

options to raise capital in the future.


These were all legitimate issues at the time but, 14 years on,

the circumstances and LIC have evolved.

In 2015 and 2016, an LIC roadshow canvassed Shareholders’

views about strategy and the longer term needs of LIC. In

particular, the different growth and earnings profiles, and

the capital requirements of key parts of the business were

discussed. The proposal was made to separate the company

into two – its core genetics and its agri-technology businesses.

That legal separation took place in December 2016, although it

has not been implemented structurally.

During the course of that roadshow, the Board received

considerable Shareholder feedback to the effect that the

interests of the co-operative and its farmers now and into

the future would be better served by a single class of Shares.

Increasingly, Shareholders are not purchasing Investment

Shares (around a third of Shareholders only hold Co-operative

Control Shares). These Shareholders are missing out on the

value created by the Company. Recent feedback has also

indicated that the current share structure is complex and not

well understood.

The Board considers the existing Share structure to be

unsustainable and that a move to a single class of Shares is the

best strategy for ensuring a strong farmer owned co-operative

with aligned incentives for all Shareholders. The Independent

Adviser’s Report also opined that “the current dual share

structure gives rise to a potentially serious conflict of interest

between the two [S]hareholder groups, and the reclassification

to one class of Ordinary Shares will ensure that [LIC] can retain

its co-operative principles while focusing on future strategy

that optimises the outcomes for all [S]hareholders”.

4


The key reasons why LIC is recommending the Proposal are

summarised below.

Protecting the Co-operative

The Proposal is intended to protect the co-operative principles

that are fundamental to LIC. Critically, LIC will remain owned

exclusively by New Zealand dairy farmer customers (except for

a limited shareholding by LIC employees, as is the case now)

5

,

and the minimum shareholding requirement will be based

on each Shareholder’s spend with LIC. At the same time,

Shareholders may continue to choose to invest more than the

minimum share requirement, just as they do now.

The new share structure will help future-proof the Co-operative

by allowing it to continue to look after its farmer Shareholders

through the core products and services it supplies, while also

earning sufficient returns to reinvest for the future.

4. See section 1.4 of the Independent Adviser’s Report.

5. The Proposal will preserve the existing right for LIC employees to hold Shares

through the employee share scheme. The total number held by all employees at

any time will be limited under the new Constitution to 5% of LIC’s Shares.

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

19


SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

Fairness

The Proposal is intended to remove the tension between

the two classes of Shares and create fairness in the share

structure. In broad terms, this tension is a bi-product of

the fact that the Co-operative Control Shareholders do not

benefit from capital appreciation or (in any material sense)

the profitability of LIC. At the same time, Co-operative Control

Shareholders control the voting rights, while the non-voting

Investment Shares carry all material economic rights to LIC’s

profits and surplus assets. This tension is particularly acute in

the context of the distinct growth and earnings profiles and

capital requirements of LIC’s two businesses – its core genetics

business and its agri-technology business.

In creating a single class of Shares, the Proposal allows every

Shareholder to:

• have a vote for each Share they hold which will count

towards all Shareholder decisions in the manner

provided in the New Constitution;

• share equally in all distributions and therefore in the

distributed value created through LIC’s products and

services; and

• share any capital gains as the value of the Ordinary

Shares rises among all Shareholders (acknowledging

that the Shares could go down in value). Currently, only

Investment Shareholders are able to realise any capital

appreciation on their Shares. Co-operative Control

Shares have a nominal value of $1 and are bought and

sold at that nominal value.


As a significant component of LIC’s earnings is derived from

the business it does with its Co-operative Control Shareholders,

the Board considers that, if LIC is successful in executing its

strategic initiatives and business plans, all Shareholders should

benefit from the associated dividends and appreciation in the

LIC Share price that is expected to result.

If the Proposal does not go ahead, the disparity between the

two classes of LIC Shares is expected to continue to widen

over time, with fewer Shareholders holding both Co-operative

Control and Investment Shares. What this means is LIC will be

required to balance the interests of those Shareholders who

vote on Shareholder matters, who generally want improved

products and services at an affordable price, with the interests

of those Shareholders expecting a strong financial return on

their investments. The Independent Adviser opined that, in its

view, “the status quo arrangements pose a serious impediment

to meeting the objectives of the business”.

6


6. See section 4.1 of the Independent Adviser’s Report.

20
|

LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Capital Flexibility

While there is currently no intention to raise capital from

a third-party investor for either LIC or LIC Agritechnology

Company Limited, if LIC is required to do so in the future,

its ability to raise capital is significantly constrained by the

existing share structure. We think it is prudent to consider this

now as part of future-proofing the Co-operative.

The Proposal would provide LIC with capital flexibility to ensure

it can respond appropriately to any future funding needs and

help secure a financially sustainable future for LIC through a

stronger capital base without redemption risk, and without

requiring all Shareholders to contribute that capital.

If LIC wishes to introduce further equity funding from a third-

party investor for LIC or LIC Agritechnology Company Limited

in the future, it would seek Shareholder approval for it at that

time. However, LIC may acquire interests in other companies,

make further minority or majority investments, and form

joint ventures from time to time as it grows and diversifies

the business.

Supporting LIC’s Strategy

LIC’s purpose is empowering livestock farmers through the

delivery of superior genetics and technology. This purpose

reflects the two separate businesses within LIC – the core

genetics business and its agri-technology business.

These businesses have distinctly different growth and earnings

and risk and return profiles. They also have different capital

requirements. While nothing is currently proposed, it is

foreseeable that decisions may need to be made in the future

about capital allocation and focus, and that can only sensibly

occur with all Shareholders having one voice.

The Proposal will put in place a share structure which will better

support LIC’s strategy by ensuring that LIC Shareholders’ voice

is heard on both parts of business, without the conflicting

perspectives that arise from the two class Share structure.

Simplicity

The capital structure of any co-operative is complex and

LIC is particularly complex given the existence of the

Investment Shares.

While the Proposal in its own right has a number of elements

to it, the intention with the Proposal is to simplify the

administrative requirements for both LIC and its Shareholders.

There are a number of aspects to this:

• Having a single share structure will simplify the

administrative requirements for both LIC and its

Shareholders and it will eliminate the complexity of

having two classes of Shares with different rights.

• The Proposal seeks to minimise the steps which

Shareholders are required to take to meet the Share

Standard. This includes changes such as:

–basing the Share Standard on a three-year

average of Qualifying Expenditure instead of

an annual spend;

–a compliance window to allow Shareholders time to

acquire the necessary Ordinary Shares on-market,

with a mechanism whereby LIC will do this on behalf

of Shareholders if they fail to do so;

–introducing bands, to allow some flexibility in

customer purchases in any season without the

increased spend resulting in the Shareholder having

to purchase additional Shares to meet the Share

Standard; and

–allowing Shareholders to hold Shares in excess of the

Share Standard (except where they cease to spend

the Minimum Purchases Amount in any season or fail

to meet other Qualifying Customer criteria).


These changes are discussed in detail under the heading

Share

Standard on page 24.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

21


What does the Proposal involve?

Reclassification to a Single Class of Shares


The Concept

Under the Proposal, all Shares in LIC will be reclassified into a

single class of Shares – Ordinary Shares.

The Reclassification is complex given the need to balance

Shareholders’ interests in the context of the different voting

and economic rights of the two classes of Shares and the

different values of such Shares.


Core Principles

The core principles of the Proposal are as follows:

• to align the relative values between the Co-operative

Control Shares and the Investment Shares before they

are reclassified into Ordinary Shares.

• to maintain the relative proportions between the

classes of Shares (by number) – meaning that the

Reclassification will take place on a 1:1 basis (Share

Ownership Ratio).


These core principles are discussed in more detail below.


Aligning Relative Values

To ensure that the Proposal is fair to all Shareholders, it must be

done in a way that reflects the relative rights and also the value

of each class of Shares. The Co-operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares have different values. Co-operative Control

Shares have a nominal value of $1 each. Investment Shares are

traded on the NZAX, with a price that fluctuates.

The Board has determined its view of the relative values of the

Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares after

taking external financial and valuation advice on the relative

values of the Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment

Shares. The Board has attributed a value of $4 to each

Investment Share for the purposes of the Proposal.


Maintaining the Share Ownership Ratio

The total number of LIC Shares on issue as at the date

of this document is approximately 35.8 million, comprising

approximately 6.3 million Co-operative Control Shares and

approximately 29.5 million Investment Shares. Co-operative

Control Shares therefore currently make up 18% of the total

number of Shares on issue and Investment Shares make up 82%

of the total number of Shares on issue. The Share Ownership

Ratio is therefore currently 18:82, although this will change

when Co-operative Control Shares are issued and redeemed

as part of the 2018 Annual Update. LIC does not expect

a material change to the number of Co-operative Control

Shares at the 2018 Annual Update but it could vary by several

percent. The Share Ownership Ratio used for the purposes of

Implementation will be determined by the actual ratio of Co-

operative Control Shares to Investment Shares at that point in

time.

The Board considers that the Share Ownership Ratio reflects

a fair allocation of the Ordinary Share capital between the

two classes of Shares. This is particularly so given that

Co-operative Control Shares currently hold substantively all

of the voting rights. To preserve the Share Ownership Ratio,

Co-operative Control Shareholders will be required to subscribe

for three additional Shares for each Co-operative Control

Share they hold as shown in the table on the following page.

If we consider the ratio based on the pre-2018 Annual Update

Share numbers, on Implementation, the holders of the Co-

operative Control Shares will together hold 18% of the total

voting rights and will be entitled to 18% of the total dividend.

Therefore, the holders of the Investment Shares will together

hold 82% of the total voting rights and will be entitled to 82%

of the total dividend. These percentages will, of course,

change to reflect the actual Ownership Ratio based on the

post-2018 Annual Update Share numbers, as explained above.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

22
|

LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

18%

of shares by

number

25.2m Ordinary Shares

$

1

NIL PAID

ORD

SHARE

$

1

NIL PAID

ORD

SHARE

$

1

NIL PAID

ORD

SHARE

$

1

$

1

$

1

INV.

SHARE

INV.

SHARE

$

1

$

1

INV.

SHARE

INV.

SHARE

Co-operative Control SharesInvestment Shares

Current Position

7

$

1

6.3m x

18%

CO

-

OP

SHARE

of shares by

number

$

4

29.5m x

82%

INV.

SHARE

of shares by

number

Step 1A

8

– Aligning Value of

each Class

Subdivide each Investment Share

into 4. Align the value of the

Investment Shares and

Co-operative Control Shares

$

1

$

1

INV.

SHARE

INV.

SHARE

$

1

$

1

INV.

SHARE

INV.

SHARE

$

4

INV.

SHARE

Step 1B – Restoring the

Share Ownership Ratio

Increase the number of

Co-operative Control Shares by

raising the Share Standard and

issuing 3 nil paid Co-operative

Control Shares for each current

Co-operative Control Share

$

1

CO

-

OP

SHARE

$

1

FULLY PAID

CO

-

OP


SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

CO

-

OP

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

CO

-

OP

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

CO

-

OP

SHARE

Step 2 – Reclassifying

all Shares

Reclassify each Co-operative

Control Share (including nil paid

Co-operative Control Shares)

and Investment Share into an

Ordinary Share

Post Implementation

Position

10

82%

of shares by

number

118m Ordinary Shares

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

Co-operative Control SharesOrdinary Shares

$

1

$

1

FULLY PAID

CO

-

OP

SHARE

ORDINARY

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

CO

-

OP

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

ORD

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

CO

-

OP

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

ORD

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

CO

-

OP

SHARE

1X

NIL PAID

ORD

SHARE

Investment SharesOrdinary Shares

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

$

1

ORDINARY

SHARE

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

7. The number of Shares and the ratio between Share classes will be determined following the 2018 Annual Update by reference to the number of Shares and the ratio of Co-

operative Control Shares to Investment Shares at that point in time.

8. As shown in the Implementation Timetable, Step 1A and Step 1B take effect simultaneously.

9. Without adjustment, Co-operative Control Shares would, as a result of the subdivision, have only approximately 5% of the Ordinary Shares – representing approximately 5%

of voting rights.

10. See note 7.

ORDINARY

SHARE

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

23


Nil Paid Shares

The nil paid Co-operative Control Shares will be issued as

part of Step 1B following the 2018 Annual Update and will

immediately be Reclassified as nil paid Ordinary Shares

(Nil Paid Shares). The Board has determined those Shares

(following Reclassification) will have the following features:

• The Shares will be issued nil paid but with a liability

outstanding on each Share of $1.

• The liability on the Nil Paid Shares will be called and paid

over time from dividends declared and paid by LIC on

Ordinary Shares held from time to time to meet the Share

Standard (and such additional amounts as a Shareholder

wishes to apply towards the outstanding liability). This

additional investment required to pay up such Shares will

bridge the value gap between the Co-operative Control

Shares and Investment Shares.

• Each Nil Paid Share will carry full voting rights and the

right to a full dividend.

• Each Nil Paid Share will count towards meeting the

Share Standard.

• If a Shareholder wishes to transfer an Ordinary Share

that is not fully paid, they will need to pay it up fully

before the transfer

11

. A Nil Paid Share may not be traded

on the NZAX platform until it is paid up in full.

Shareholders should note that in the unlikely event that LIC

fell into such significant financial difficulties that it was placed

into liquidation, the liquidator would be entitled to call up

the unpaid balance of any Nil Paid Shares existing at that

time. Similarly, the unpaid balance will have to be paid if the

Shareholder leaves LIC, at which time that Shareholder will

be required to sell their Ordinary Shares. The unpaid balance

of any Nil Paid Share will not be affected by any changes in

the trading price of Ordinary Shares (i.e. Shareholders may

need to pay more than the trading price when they exit the

Co-operative).

Shareholders should recognise that these risks need to be

considered in the context of market-based pricing (which may

be above or below the Nil Paid Share issue price of $1), the

potential for capital appreciation, and the other aspects of the

Proposal as a whole.

NZAX Listing and Share Trading of Fully Paid Ordinary Shares

Fully Paid Ordinary Shares will trade on the NZAX platform, as

the Investment Shares currently do. The price of those Shares

will likely move up and down over time.

If a Shareholder is required to purchase more Ordinary Shares

to meet the Share Standard in the future, the Shares will

need to be sourced on-market at the then applicable market

price or off-market from another Shareholder. Similarly, if a

Shareholder ceases to be a customer of LIC, that customer’s

Shares will need to be sold on or off-market. Shareholders will

be entitled to sell, at any time, any Ordinary Shares they hold

over and above what is needed to meet the Share Standard.

Shareholders will need to establish a relationship with a broker

if they need to purchase or sell Ordinary Shares on-market.

Just as is the case currently for trading in the Investment

Shares, a broker engaged to buy or sell Shares on behalf of a

Shareholder will charge that Shareholder a brokerage fee for

this service.

LIC will have the discretion to issue Ordinary Shares from time

to time should it decide it needs to do so. This discretion may,

by way of example, be exercised if there is a material demand

and supply imbalance adversely affecting Shareholders or if

LIC wishes to raise capital from Shareholders more generally.

The Proposal does not give LIC the right to issue Shares to any

person other than a current customer or participant in one of

the Company’s share schemes.

Under the Proposal:

• LIC will have the right to compulsorily purchase,

or procure the purchase of, Shares on behalf of a

Shareholder who has not shared up to meet their Share

Standard obligation by 15 October in any year (this is

the Compliance Date, which is three months after 15

July – the target date by which LIC typically notifies

Shareholders of how many Shares they need to purchase

to meet the Share Standard). In certain circumstances,

LIC may not be able to notify Shareholders by 15 July but

will do so as soon as practicable thereafter.

• The period for those Shareholders, who have ceased to

be customers meeting the Minimum Purchases Amount,

to sell their Shares will reduce from 24 months to around

16 and a half months, to align with the same 15 October

date. LIC can compulsorily sell those Shares on behalf of

the relevant Shareholder should the Shareholder fail to

sell them by that date.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

11. The Board reserves the right to approve the transfer of Nil Paid Shares before

they have been paid up in full, which it expects to exercise in exceptional

circumstances only.

24
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

• The dates have been aligned to assist any compulsory

transaction process as it is LIC’s intention (but not

its obligation) to net the compulsory buys and sells

off against each other and then seek to transact the

outstanding balance (which could be a buy or sell)

through the market. On occasion, LIC may choose to

reduce any outstanding balance by issuing, buying or

selling Shares for its own account as required.

There will be no defined period for the process to be completed

but ultimately all the compulsory buys and sells will be

transacted at the same volume weighted-average price as was

achieved in the market. Shareholders should be aware that if

there is a large number of Shares to buy or sell this may take

some time to complete and it may also have an effect on the

LIC Share price during this period, despite any efforts that LIC

may make to minimise this.

Where LIC is required to instruct a broker to buy Shares on

behalf of a Shareholder, this will be done in substantively

the same manner as is currently undertaken for the Dividend

Reinvestment Plan and Voluntary Investment Scheme operated

by LIC. LIC will in effect calculate the required number of

Shares and then instruct a broker, currently Craigs Investment

Partners (Craigs), to acquire those Shares on-market as and

when appropriate. The length of time that Craigs is in the

market buying Shares will depend on the number of Shares to

be acquired and the number of Shares being offered into

the market by or on behalf of selling Shareholders at the

relevant time.

From an implementation perspective, while Craigs is in the

market acquiring the Shares and until all necessary Shares

are purchased, any purchased Shares will be held on trust by

an Approved Holding Entity (currently, NZ Guardian Trust).

Once all necessary Shares are purchased, the Shares will

be transferred from the trust entity to the new owners (i.e.

Shareholders). The Share price paid by the new owners will be

set by reference to the average price achieved on all Shares

purchased, being the volume weighted average price.

The key difference from the existing Share purchasing schemes

going forward will be that there will likely be more Shares

available for sale at any given time. This will be due to the

Ordinary Shares not being redeemable (unlike the existing Co-

operative Control Shares) and the Shareholders remaining free

to sell any Shares they hold in excess of the Share Standard.

The Proposal also aligns the window for selling and buying

Shares to promote availability of Shares on the market during

the period of high demand.

Market Share Price and Dividend Distribution

As part of the Proposal, all fully paid Shares will be listed on

NZAX, providing market pricing.

Reflecting its strong linkage to the financial health of the dairy

sector and the agricultural sector more generally and other

risks set out in Schedule 3, LIC’s earnings, and therefore its

dividends, can display significant volatility. For example, LIC

paid a dividend of 6.4365 cents in 2017, paid no dividend in

2016, and paid its highest ever dividend of 54.9142 cents

in 2013.

Unsurprisingly, given the dividend history, the Investment

Share price has also exhibited similar volatility. For example,

in the past 12 months, the Investment Share price has

fluctuated between $2.10 and $2.65, but was as high as

$8.00 in May 2014.

Share Standard

The following changes are proposed to be made to the Share

Standard under the Proposal:

• The Share Standard is being increased by a factor

of four.

• The Minimum Purchases Amount before the Share

Standard applies is being increased to $1,000 (although

existing Shareholders whose spend is between $500

and $999 will be unaffected until they exceed $1,000,

at which point they will become bound by a Minimum

Purchases Amount of $1,000).

• The Share Standard will be based on a three-year

average of Qualifying Expenditure rather than the

previous year’s expenditure, as is currently the case.

• Shareholders will not be required to sell down Shares

held in excess of the Share Standard.

• Shareholders whose Qualifying Expenditure in the most

recent year is above, but whose three-year average is

below, the Minimum Purchases Amount, will be allowed

(but not obligated) to buy Shares.

• A compliance window is being introduced to allow

Shareholders required to share up time to acquire

the necessary Ordinary Shares on-market. If any

Shareholder fails to do so, LIC will do this on behalf of

that Shareholder by acquiring the relevant Shares in the

manner described on the previous page and charging

their LIC debtor accounts with LIC the purchase price

and any associated costs, or alternatively issuing new

Shares to the Shareholder.

• The Share Standard will apply subject to bands, to

allow some flexibility in customer purchases in any

season without the purchase resulting in the Shareholder

having to purchase additional Shares to meet the

Share Standard.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

25


These changes are described in more detail below.

Increased Share Standard

The Share Standard is being increased so that it captures the

share capital currently represented by Co-operative Control

Shares plus the additional capital which the Proposal requires

Co-operative Control Shareholders to pay up on their Nil Paid

Shares over time. This additional capital is the capital that will

be paid up from future LIC dividends.

To give customers ongoing certainty around the number of

Ordinary Shares they must hold for a given level of Qualifying

Expenditure, the Share Standard will be expressed in terms of

the dollar value of goods and services to which ownership of

an Ordinary Share (as opposed to amount paid on that

Share as is currently the case) entitles the Shareholder.

As a result of the increase in the Share Standard and this

change, the Share Standard will change from One

Co-operative Control Share (with a nominal value of $1) for

each $25 of Qualifying Expenditure to one Share for every

$6.25 of Qualifying Expenditure.

For example, a Shareholder with a Qualifying Expenditure

of $10,000 is currently required to hold $400 worth of

Co-operative Control Shares, being 400 Shares. From

Implementation, a Shareholder with a Qualifying Expenditure

of $10,000 will now be required to hold 1,600 Ordinary

Shares. While this is higher than the existing Share Standard,

the Proposal will not, on Implementation, require current

Shareholders to invest any additional capital. The reason for

this is that Nil Paid Shares issued as part of the Proposal will be

considered to satisfy the Share Standard

12

.

New customers and Shareholders increasing their Qualifying

Expenditure in the 2017/2018 season will need to share up

based on the current Share Standard before the new Share

Standard comes into effect. See the

Implementation Timetable

for the Proposal section on page 9 of this document for

more details.

Any Investment Shares which are reclassified into Ordinary

Shares as part of the Proposal may also be used to meet the

Share Standard.

Minimum Purchases Amount

As part of the Proposal, the Minimum Purchases Amount will

be increased from $500 to $1,000. The existing Minimum

Purchases Amount threshold has been in place since 2002 and

the Board believes it is appropriate to increase it given the

costs and administration requirements associated with holding

such a small parcel of Shares.

Existing customers of LIC who currently do not meet the

proposed higher Minimum Purchases Amount will be unaffected

by the increase in the Minimum Purchases Amount threshold.

This means any Shareholders whose Qualifying Expenditure is

currently between $500 and $999 will be exempt from having

to comply with the new Minimum Purchases Amount standard

in order to hold their existing Ordinary Shares, provided they

continue to meet the existing $500 Minimum Purchases Amount

threshold. Once their Qualifying Expenditure exceeds $1,000,

they will be bound to a $1,000 Minimum Purchases Amount.

A new customer may apply to become a Shareholder once they

exceed the Minimum Purchases Amount in any season.

Move to a Three-Year Average

Under the Proposal, the Share Standard will be based on a

three-year average of Qualifying Expenditure rather than

exclusively on the previous year’s Qualifying Expenditure as is

currently the case. The three-year average will be relevant in

relation to the obligation to meet the Share Standard for any

season commencing from the 2017/2018 season. This removes

any immediate obligation for a Shareholder to trade at, or soon

after, launch of the new arrangements.

For new farmers joining LIC, or Shareholders increasing their

Qualifying Expenditure, it will take up to three years for the

Share Standard to fully reflect the spend, thereby allowing

the Shareholder to spread their Share purchases over that

same period.

Shareholders will not be Required to Sell Down Shares Held in

Excess of the Share Standard

From Implementation, Shareholders will not be required to sell

Shares held in excess of the Share Standard but may sell those

surplus Shares on or off market if they wish (except for Nil Paid

Shares which must first be paid in full).

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

12. Existing Shareholders may still be required to share up to the current Share

Standard by reference to their Qualifying Expenditure in the 2017/2018 season.

This sharing up process will be undertaken before the new share standard

comes into effect and Nil Paid shares are issued.

26
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Introducing Bands

To avoid the need for Shareholders to purchase a small number

of Shares to reach the new Share Standard each year in

circumstances where there is a small change in the customer’s

Qualifying Expenditure, the Proposal introduces bands.

Qualifying Expenditure will be measured in uniform $5,000

bands

13

, meaning Shareholders will not need to adjust their

Shareholdings, unless there has been a material change in

their spending with LIC (i.e. unless the Shareholder passes

through the upper end of the relevant band).

For example, if a Shareholder’s spend changes from $5,000

in one year to $7,000 in the next year, the Shareholder will not

need to buy additional Shares. In this example, they will only

be required to buy further Shares if their spending increases to

$10,000 or more.

The primary advantage of banding is that it reduces the

number of purchases Shareholders have to make, and makes

it easier for the Shareholders to predict their required LIC

Shareholding each year.

Compliance Date

Under the Constitution, LIC is required every year to notify

Co-operative Control Shareholders by 15 July, or as soon as

reasonably practicable thereafter, how many Co-operative

Control Shares they are required to subscribe for, for them to

meet the Share Standard. Such Shares are subscribed for and

issued each year as part of the Annual Update. Compliance

is determined by reference to Qualifying Expenditure in the

preceding season ending 31 May.

Under the Proposal, Shareholders will continue to be

notified as soon as practicable after 15 July in any year

how many Ordinary Shares they need to hold and will have

until 15 October in that year to purchase such number of

Ordinary Shares to meet the Share Standard. This provides

Shareholders with a trading window to share up after

notification.

LIC may automatically “share up” on behalf of Shareholders

insofar as required to comply with the Share Standard, should

Shareholders fail to do so themselves. Refer to the information

on page 23 under the heading

NZAX Listing and Share Trading

of Fully Paid Ordinary Shares

for more information on this

process.

Shareholding and Voting Restrictions

• At present, the LIC Constitution includes two caps on

its shares. The first cap is a 5% ownership cap, which is

applicable to Investment Shares only. The second is a 1%

voting cap required by DIRA which applies to both

Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares.

• Under the Proposal, the 5% ownership cap would remain

and, if relevant, would override the requirement to hold

a greater number of Shares to meet the Share Standard.

Given current shareholding levels, the Proposal is not

expected to result in any Shareholder breaching this 5%

ownership cap.


LIC has engaged with the Minister of Agriculture to seek to

remove the 1% voting cap but the relevant amendment has

not yet passed through the legislative processes. It is not

clear if or when this requirement will be removed from the law.

If adopted, the New Constitution will see the 1% voting cap fall

away if and when the law is changed.

Changes to LIC’s Constitution

The Proposal will result in a substantial number of changes to

LIC’s Constitution. In broad terms, most of the changes are

consequential – that is, they reflect the key elements of the

Proposal described above and elsewhere in this document.

In addition to these consequential changes, changes have also

been made to increase the flexibility of the Board’s decision-

making ability with respect to changes to the Share Standard,

Minimum Purchases Amount and Qualifying Products and

Services. The changes are described in more detail on page 45

of this document. The Board has looked at other co-operatives

and the proposed changes broadly replicate the flexibility that

these other companies have in their own constitutions.

The proposed amendments to the Constitution would also give

LIC the necessary flexibility to migrate from NZAX onto the

NZX Main Board in the future, if required. The NZX is currently

consulting on some proposed changes to its licensed markets,

which would consolidate its existing key equity markets into a

single market.

Ministerial consent is required for these changes to proceed.


SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

13. Other than the initial $1,000 to $4,999 band.

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

27


Dividends

The Proposal contemplates that dividends will be paid equally

on all Shares after Implementation (regardless of whether or

not the Shares are fully paid up). Dividends will be determined

by the Board applying normal commercial principles.

LIC will make dividend payments to Shareholders based on

LIC’s profitability and balance sheet position at the time of

the proposed dividend, having regard to the future investment

plans of LIC.

On implementation of the Proposal, each Co-operative

Control Share will be reclassified into one fully paid Ordinary

Share, and each nil paid Co-operative Control Share will be

reclassified into a nil paid Ordinary Share. Any dividends paid

on Nil Paid Shares and on any Ordinary Shares required to be

held to satisfy the Share Standard will be applied to repay the

outstanding commitments on Nil Paid Shares. Shares will be

paid up incrementally (so that the amount due on account of

any dividend is used to fully pay up such number of Shares as

can be paid up) as opposed to the dividend being applied pro

rata to all outstanding Nil Paid Shares.

Customers can apply dividends on any additional Ordinary

Shares they own to pay up the Nil Paid Shares. They can also

make additional payments if they wish to pay up the Nil Paid

Shares sooner. Shareholders will need to give notice to LIC in

writing if they wish to exercise these rights.

For example, consider a Shareholder who is required to hold

1,000 Ordinary Shares under the Share Standard but in fact

holds 1,200 Ordinary Shares. Of those Ordinary Shares, 600

Shares are Nil Paid Shares, with the full $600 outstanding.

If in a particular year LIC declared a dividend which, net of

imputation credits and resident withholding tax, is equal

to $0.20 per Share, the Shareholder would be entitled to a

net dividend of $240 in total. The dividend attributable to

the 1,000 Shares held to satisfy the Share Standard ($200),

must be used to pay for the outstanding amount on the Nil

Paid Shares. This dividend would be used to pay up and fully

discharge the liability on 200 Nil Paid Shares leaving 400

unpaid. The residual $40 dividend could be retained by the

Shareholder or used to pay up a further 40 Nil Paid Shares.

How will the Proposal be Implemented?

Implementation of the Proposal, if approved by Shareholders,

will take place in July 2018 as part of the 2018 Annual Update

(except for Resolution 2(a) which will come into effect

immediately). In summary:

• Co-operative Control Shareholders will be subject to

the normal annual adjustments to their shareholdings,

by reference to Qualifying Expenditure in the 2017/2018

season and the current Share Update.

• The Proposal will be implemented immediately after the

conclusion of the 2018 Annual Update. The detailed

Implementation steps are set out on page 22.

• Investment Shares will continue to trade on the

NZAX platform until a date shortly before the 2018

Annual Update.

Details of the exact timing of the Implementation are set out in

the Implementation Timetable for the Proposal on page 9. Any

changes to the Implementation Timetable will be Announced to

the Shareholders.

Governance of LIC and Representation of Farmers

The Proposal does not involve any change to the governance

structure of LIC or the representation of farmers by the

Shareholder Council, except that, from Implementation,

all Shares will carry the right to vote.


Board of Directors

Board will consist of no more than ten Directors, comprised of:

• up to seven elected Directors who are Qualifying

Customers elected by the Ordinary Shareholders within

the region each Director represents (four regions in

total); and

• up to a further three appointed Directors. Appointed

Directors are independent and subject to the prior

approval of the Shareholder Council and ratification by

Ordinary Shareholders.

Elected Directors serve a four-year term and appointed

Directors up to a three-year term. Retiring Directors are eligible

for re-election or re-appointment.

Shareholder Council

The Shareholder Council will consist of up to twenty-one

Councillors. Each of the twenty-one wards will be represented

by one Councillor who is elected by the Ordinary Shareholders

of that ward.

Councillors serve a four-year term. Councillors retire

subject to the rotation schedule and upon retiring are eligible

for re-election.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

28
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Qualifying Expenditure

The Proposal includes flexibility for the Board to change

the Qualifying Products and Services from time to time in

consultation with the Shareholder Council, and to allow

Subsidiaries (eg LIC Agritechnology Company Limited)

to supply Qualifying Products and Services directly to

Shareholders but have the associated expenditure classed

as Qualifying Expenditure. Those products and services

supplied by the Company or any Subsidiary that are

identified by the Company in its Conditions and Service Rules

as “Qualifying Products and Services” will count towards

Qualifying Expenditure.

Taxation Implications for NZ Resident Shareholders

Tax ruling

LIC has obtained a binding ruling from Inland Revenue

concerning the Proposal. Inland Revenue has ruled that:

• the issue of Nil Paid Shares as part of the Proposal,

and the Reclassification of Co-operative Control and

Investment Shares into Ordinary Shares, will not give rise

to a dividend to Shareholders; and

• any revenue account Shareholders will not be

treated as deriving income as a consequence of the

Reclassification.

Tax on sale or disposal of Ordinary Shares

Following the Reclassification, unlike the current Co-operative

Control Shares which have a nominal value, the value of

the new, single class of Ordinary Shares will fluctuate. The

tax treatment in respect of the Ordinary Shareholders will

be the same as the existing treatment of the Investment

Shares. Shareholders will not be subject to tax on any gain (or

allowed to deduct any loss) arising from the sale or disposal

of additional Ordinary Shares acquired on the NZAX after the

restructuring unless a Shareholder:

• acquires the Shares as part of a profit-making

undertaking or scheme; or

• acquires the Shares with the dominant purpose of

selling them.


Shareholders will also not be subject to tax on any gain

(or allowed to deduct any loss) arising from the sale or

disposal of Ordinary Shares received as part of the Proposal

in replacement for Investment Shares held prior to the

Reclassification (i.e. Investment Shares that are Reclassified as

Ordinary Shares as part of the Proposal) unless:

• acquired as part of a profit-making undertaking or

scheme; or

• acquired with the dominant purpose of selling them.

In addition, Shareholders will be subject to tax on any gain (or

allowed to deduct any loss) arising from the sale or disposal

of any Ordinary Shares if the relevant Shareholder is in the

business of dealing in shares.

Distributions received from LIC on Ordinary Shares

Distributions received from LIC on Ordinary Shares will

generally be taxable dividends for New Zealand tax purposes.

Some distributions received from LIC may not be taxable

dividends (for example, non-taxable bonus issues and certain

returns of capital).

New Zealand operates an imputation regime under which

any income tax paid by LIC gives rise to credits, known as

imputation credits, which may be attached to dividends

it pays. Imputation credits attached to dividends may be

used by Shareholders to offset their tax liability in respect of

the dividends. The maximum ratio at which LIC can attach

imputation credits to dividends is 28:72 (that is, $28 of

imputation credits to $72 of cash dividend).

LIC will generally be required to deduct resident withholding tax

(RWT) from dividends it pays to Shareholders. Currently, the

rate of RWT on dividends is 33%, less the amount of imputation

credits attached to the dividend. Accordingly, where

imputation credits are attached to dividends at the maximum

permitted ratio (that is, the dividends are fully imputed), RWT

equal to 5% of the gross dividend (that is, cash plus imputation

credits) will be deducted. Where dividends are partially

imputed, the amount of RWT deducted will be greater than 5%

of the gross dividend. Shareholders will be entitled to a credit

against New Zealand income tax liability for the amount of RWT

deducted. LIC will not deduct RWT from dividends received

if a Shareholder holds a current RWT exemption certificate

and have provided a copy of that certificate to LIC before the

dividend is paid.

The tax treatment of dividends described above will apply

equally to dividends that must be used to pay up a call on

unpaid Shares received as part of the Reclassification.

Such dividends will, like other dividends, be included in a

Shareholder’s assessable income, with a credit allowed for

attached imputation credits and RWT deducted. The cash

dividend, net of imputation credits and RWT, will be applied in

satisfaction of the call.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

29


Overview of the Structure Post Reclassification

CONSIDERATIONCHANGE?FURTHER DETAILS

Share

Standard

Share Standard quantified Ye sPre Reclassification: $1 of Share capital for

each $25 of Qualifying Expenditure.

Post Reclassification: 1 Ordinary Share for

each $6.25 of Qualifying Expenditure.

Note:

• Shareholders will have three years to

share up;

• On Implementation (and following the

2018 Annual Update to reflect any

increased spend during the 2017/2018

season), all Shareholders will satisfy the

new Share Standard;

• Ordinary Shares Reclassified from

Investment Shares will also count for the

purposes of the Share Standard.

Qualifying ExpenditureYe sQualifying Expenditure will be measured in

uniform $5,000 bands

14

rather than a specific

amount of expenditure.

Time period on which the Share Standard is

based

Ye sMove to three-year average as opposed to

just the prior year.

Compliance Date for meeting the Share

Standard

Ye sPre Reclassification: 15 July

Post Reclassification: 15 October

Consequence of a Shareholder not sharing

up by the Compliance Date

Yes The Shareholder will have until the

Compliance Date to share up after notification

of the number of Shares they need to acquire

to meet the Share Standard.

If the Shareholder does not hold the required

number of Shares by the Compliance Date,

LIC will seek to acquire the shortfall on behalf

of the Shareholder but retains the right to

instead issue new Shares to the Shareholder.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

14. Except for the initial band between $1,000 and $4,999.

30
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Overview of the Structure Post Reclassification

CONSIDERATIONCHANGE?FURTHER DETAILS

Share

Ownership

Minimum Purchases Amount to be entitled to

become a Shareholder

Ye sThe Minimum Purchases Amount threshold

will increase from $500 to $1,000, although

existing Shareholders will be unaffected, as

explained on page 25.

Date from which new customers can buy

their Shares

Ye sAs soon as the customer passes the Minimum

Purchases Amount threshold, they can apply

to be a Shareholder and can buy Shares,

provided they meet all other Shareholder

requirements (which are not changing).

Period for exiting customers to sell their

Shares

Ye sShareholders will not be required to sell

their Shares unless they cease to spend

the Minimum Purchases Amount (except for

existing Shareholders below that threshold

who will be unaffected) or are no longer a

supplier to a New Zealand milk processor.

Exiting Shareholders will be given until 15

October in the second year after the end of

the relevant season (i.e. approximately 16

and a half months after the end of the season

in which they did not spend the Minimum

Purchases Amount) to sell their Shares.

Consequence of an exiting Shareholder not

selling their Shares within the required period

NoLIC will be entitled to sell the Shares

on-market on the Shareholder’s behalf.

LIC retains the rights to buy back such

Shares instead.

Share

Trading

Shares will be listed on NZAX Ye sPreviously, only the Investment Shares

were listed. The new Ordinary Shares will be

listed instead.

Sourcing of Shares Ye sShare purchases will be sourced from the

market or from a Shareholder looking to sell

its Ordinary Shares at the prevailing market

price. LIC reserves the right to issue new

Ordinary Shares.

DividendDividend entitlementYe sAll Shares will have an equal dividend

entitlement.

100% of dividends received on Nil Paid Shares

and any Ordinary Shares held to meet the

Share Standard must be applied in paying up

outstanding obligations on Nil Paid Shares.

Voting /

Ownership

restrictions

Voting restrictionsYe sRetain 1% cap only while the relevant

provisions of DIRA remain in force. If the

restriction is removed from DIRA in the future,

the 1% voting restriction will no longer apply to

LIC Shareholders but they will still be subject

to the ownership restriction described below.

Ownership restrictionsNoRetain 5% cap but this is applied across all

Relevant Interests.

SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

31


SECTION B:

32
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Notice of Special Meeting

SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING

Notice is given that a special meeting of the

Shareholders of Livestock Improvement Corporation

Limited will be held at LIC’s Tempero Centre, Cnr.

Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton

on Wednesday 14 March 2018 commencing at 10.30 am,

with registration from 9.30 am.

Resolutions

Resolution 1:

To increase the Share Standard, issue new nil paid

Co-operative Control Shares and subdivide the

Investment Shares

As an ordinary resolution to be passed by eligible

holders of Co-operative Control Shares:

“That, the Co-operative Control Shareholders confirm

and approve in each case:

a. that the Co-operative Control Shareholding

Requirement be increased by a factor of four for

the purposes of implementing the Proposal;

b. that the Company issue to Co-operative Control

Shareholders such number of Co-operative

Control Shares as required to meet the

new Co-operative Control Shareholding

Requirement, on a nil paid basis; and

c. that each Investment Share be subdivided into

four Investment Shares,

each in accordance with the Implementation

Timetable, and subject to the passing of Resolution 2,

and the approval by the Minister of Agriculture of the

proposed changes to the existing Constitution.”

Resolution 2:

To amend the existing Constitution, reclassify Shares

as Ordinary Shares and adopt New Constitution

As a special resolution to be passed by separate

interest groups comprising the eligible holders of

Co-operative Control Shares and eligible holders of

Investment Shares:

“That, the Shareholders confirm and approve in

each case:

a. that the existing Constitution be amended by

adding a new clause 3.12 reading as follows:


the Company may alter the rights attaching to

Shares provided that it has been approved by

a special resolution of each interest group in

accordance with section 117 of the Companies

Act, and it does not matter whether or not the

special resolution was passed before or after

this provision came into effect;

b. the Reclassification of each Co-operative

Control Share into an Ordinary Share;

c. the Reclassification of each Investment Share

into an Ordinary Share; and

d. the revocation of the existing Constitution of

the Company (as amended from time to time)

and the adoption of a new Constitution by the

Company in the form tabled at the meeting and

signed by the Chairperson for the purpose of

identification,

each in accordance with the Implementation

Timetable, and subject to the passing of Resolution 1,

and the approval by the Minister of Agriculture of the

proposed changes to the existing Constitution.”

The business of the meeting will be to consider and, if

thought fit, to resolve the Resolutions set out below.

Resolutions 1 and 2 are inter-conditional, meaning that both

of them must be passed in order for either of them to be

effective. See Explanation of the Resolutions and Additional

Information on pages 36 to 39 for further information

about these Resolutions.

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

33


SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING

Eligibility to Vote and Required Approvals

All Shareholders are entitled to attend the Special Meeting.

The below table sets out who is eligible to vote on the Resolutions, and what voting thresholds and conditions need to be met

for the Resolutions to be passed. If the Proposal is approved, it will be binding on all Shareholders, whether they voted for the

Resolution or not and all Shareholders will be deemed to have made an application in respect of the Reclassification.

RESOLUTION 1RESOLUTION 2

Type of resolution

and approval

threshold

Ordinary resolution to be passed by a majority

(50% plus one Share) of Co-operative Control

Shareholders entitled to vote and voting

Special resolution to be passed by:

• 75% of Co-operative Control

Shareholders entitled to vote and

voting; and

• 75% of Investment Shareholders entitled

to vote and voting

Who is entitled to

vote?

Co-operative Control Shareholders onlyCo-operative Control Shareholders and

Investment Shareholders

ConditionalityConditional on the approval of Resolution 2

Conditional on the approval by the Minister of

Agriculture of the proposed changes to the

existing Constitution

Conditional on the approval of Resolution 1

Conditional on the approval by the Minister

of Agriculture of the proposed changes to the

existing Constitution

34
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

How to cast a vote

Co-operative Control Shareholders and Investment

Shareholders have separate rights to vote. The matters in

respect of which each of them may vote are set out above,

and in the Voting Form.

Shareholders can vote in the following ways:

1. Attend the Special Meeting – bring your Voting Form to

the meeting as the barcode is required to assist with your

registration; or

2. Electronic voting – visit www.electionz.com/LIC2018 and

follow the prompts. You will require your PIN and Password

as shown on your Voting Form. Electronic voting will close

at 10.30 am on 12 March 2018; or

3. Postal voting – complete the Postal Vote section of the

Voting Form and return it in the reply paid envelope

provided to electionz.com Limited or address to

electionz.com Limited as per the details provided at

the bottom of this section. Your form must be received

before 10.30 am on 12 March 2018; or

4. Appoint a Director or Councillor of LIC, or another

person as your proxy – complete the proxy appointment

section on the Voting Form including how you wish them

to vote (as a directed vote) or as “Proxy’s Discretion” and

return in the reply paid envelope provided to electionz.com

Limited before 10.30 am on 12 March 2018. Your appointed

Director/Councillor/Representative will receive voting

papers upon registration at the meeting.


Each method of voting and the way to use the Voting Form

enclosed with this document are explained in detail below.

Please choose only one voting option.

Full details on how to return your Voting Form to electionz.com

Limited are available at the end of this section.

1. To attend and vote at the Special Meeting


You must register at the registration desk prior to entering

the meeting. Please bring your Voting Form with you, as

the barcode is required for your registration.


The registration and poll will be managed by

electionz.com.


Upon registration, if you have not already submitted an

electronic or postal vote, or appointed a proxy, you will

receive a separate voting card to mark your vote at the

time that each poll is put to the meeting by the Chairman.

Once the voting is completed, electionz.com Limited will

collect your voting cards from you.

2. To vote electronically


If you wish to cast your vote electronically:

a. Visit www.electionz.com/LIC2018

b. Enter your PIN and Password as shown on your

Voting Form.

c. Follow the prompts to complete your vote.

Electronic voting will close at 10.30 am on Monday 12

March 2018.

3. To cast a postal vote


If you wish to cast a postal vote, complete the Postal Vote

section on your Voting Form, indicate how you wish to

vote on each Resolution and return the form to electionz.

com Limited in any manner described at the bottom of

this section.

SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

35


4. To appoint a Director or Councillor of LIC, or another

person, to attend the meeting and vote on your behalf

as your proxy

If you wish to appoint a Director or Councillor of LIC or

any other person as your proxy, you need to complete the

proxy section on your Voting Form. A proxy need not be a

shareholder of LIC.

Please read the information on “Proxy Appointment”

on the reverse of your Voting Form carefully. In the

area provided, please insert the name of the Director,

Councillor or other person you wish to appoint. Use the

voting boxes to indicate how you wish your proxy to vote.

Alternatively indicate “Proxy Discretion”.

If you return the Proxy section of the Voting Form without

indicating how you wish your proxy to vote, your proxy will

vote, or abstain from voting, as he or she sees fit. If you

indicate on the Voting Form how you wish your proxy to

vote, your proxy will vote as directed.

Any Director or Councillor of LIC who is appointed as a

proxy and is given discretion as to how to vote will vote in

what he or she believes to be the best interest of LIC.

Please advise your proxy that he or she must register

at the registration desk prior to entering the meeting to

obtain the necessary voting papers.

The proxy appointment section of the Voting Form must

be completed, signed and received by electionz.com

Limited no later than 10.30 am on 12 March 2018.

If you are a postal voter or appointing a proxy, return

your Voting Form to electionz.com Limited in any of the

following ways:

• mail to electionz.com Limited in the reply paid

envelope provided; or

• address and mail to Livestock Improvement

Corporation Limited, PO Box 3138, Christchurch 8140;

or

• deliver to electionz.com Limited, 3/3 Pukaki Road,

Yaldhurst, Christchurch 8042; or

• fax to 03 377 1474 ; or

• scan and email to info@electionz.com (please put

the words “LIC Meeting” in the subject line for easy

identification).

Alternatively vote electronically as per the instruction

in the

To Vote Electronically on the previous page.

If you are not attending and voting at the Special

Meeting, your electronic vote must be cast or your

Voting Form must be received by electionz.com Limited

no later than 10.30 am on 12 March 2018 to be valid.

The Board has appointed Melanie Tonkin as the Returning

Officer. She has authorised electionz.com Limited to

receive, record and count all postal votes, electronic

votes and proxy votes.

If you have any questions regarding the voting, please

contact the Election Helpline on 0800 666 033.

All persons attending the Special Meeting must

register at the registration desk prior to entering the

meeting room.

Multiple herd owners are reminded that to fully exercise

their voting rights, they need to separately exercise the

votes for each participant code.

SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING

36
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Explanation of the Resolutions and

Additional Information

Resolution 1: To increase the Share Standard,

issue new nil paid Co-operative Control Shares

and subdivide Investment Shares


Resolution 1 proposes that Shareholders confirm and approve:

• that the Co-operative Control Shareholding Requirement

be increased to an equivalent of 16% of Qualifying

Expenditure;

• the issue of such number of nil paid Co-operative Control

Shares as is required to ensure that Co-operative Control

Shareholders meet the new Share Standard; and

• the subdivision of each Investment Share into four

Investment Shares.

Constitution

The existing Constitution of the Company allows the Company

to change the Share Standard by Ordinary Resolution of

Shareholders. Currently, only the Co-operative Control

Shareholders have the right to vote on this Resolution.

15


The Constitution coupled with the Companies Act gives the

Board the power to issue Shares to Shareholders and to

subdivide the Company’s Shares, but notwithstanding this, we

are presenting this resolution to Shareholders as part of the

process for seeking overall approval for the Proposal.

In accordance with LIC’s Constitution, no person may exercise,

or control the exercise of, more than 1% of the maximum

number of votes that may be exercised at a meeting of LIC.

Companies Act

Section 105 of the Companies Act provides that an ordinary

resolution must be approved by a simple majority of the votes

of those Shareholders entitled to vote and voting on the

resolution. To approve Resolution 1, 50% plus one vote of the

Co-operative Control Shareholders entitled to vote and voting

on that Resolution must be cast in favour of the Resolution.

Resolution 2: To amend the Constitution,

reclassify Shares as Ordinary Shares and adopt

the New Constitution


Resolution 2 proposes that Shareholders confirm and approve:

• a new provision be included in the Constitution

permitting the alteration of rights attaching to Shares

with the approval of a special resolution of each

interest group;

• alteration of the rights attaching to the Shares by

reclassifying the Co-operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares into Ordinary Shares; and

• revocation of the existing Constitution and adoption of

the New Constitution.

Constitution

The proposed changes to the Constitution have been

approved by NZX. A summary of the proposed changes to the

Constitution is set out at page 45.

A copy of the existing Constitution, a clean copy of the

proposed New Constitution and a marked copy showing all

changes made to the existing Constitution by the proposed

New Constitution may be viewed on the Company’s website:

www.lic.co.nz/vote. The Listing Rules may be viewed on the

NZX website: www.nzx.com.

In accordance with LIC’s Constitution, no person may exercise,

or control the exercise of, more than 1% of the maximum

number of votes that may be exercised at a meeting of LIC.

The changes to the Constitution are subject to

Ministerial consent.

Companies Act

Under the Companies Act, LIC must not take any action which

affects the rights attached to Shares, unless that action has

been approved by a special resolution of each interest group

of LIC. For the purposes of section 117 of the Companies Act,

the rights attached to Shares include voting rights and rights

to distributions. Therefore, both the proposed Reclassification

of the Shares and the adoption of the New Constitution, will

require approval by each interest group.

There are two interest groups in LIC for the purposes of section

116 of the Companies Act:

• Co-operative Control Shareholders; and

• Investment Shareholders.

To approve Resolution 2, at least 75% of the votes of

Shareholders in each interest group entitled to vote and voting

on that Resolution must be cast in favour of the Resolution.

SECTION B: EXPLANATION OF THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

15. The Investment Shareholders are entitled to vote on resolutions where the

proposed resolution directly affects any rights or privileges attached to the

Investment Shares. The Board is of the view that the proposed subdivision of the

Investment Shares will not affect the rights of the Investment Shareholders and

their entitlements will remain unchanged. Accordingly, only the Co-operative

Control Shareholders will be entitled to vote on this Resolution.

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

37


Listing Rules – Waivers, Rulings, and Approvals

LIC has obtained a number of waivers, rulings, and approvals

from the Listing Rules from the NZX, as described below. These

waivers, rulings and approvals are conditional on the Proposal

being approved.


Listing Rule 1.6.1: A waiver has been obtained to allow

the definition of “Renounceable” to refer to a right or

offer that is transferable by any Shareholder to another

person entitled to hold the securities (rather than any

person). This reflects the ownership restrictions on

Shares, as a result of the co-operative nature of LIC.


Listing Rules 3.2.2, 3.2.3 and 3.2.6: Waivers have been

granted to allow LIC to continue to operate its director

nomination (including restrictions on who may be

nominated) and rotation, each in accordance with the

New Constitution.


Listing Rule 7.3.11(c): A ruling has been granted to

allow LIC to issue new Shares to a Shareholder in order

to ensure they meet the Share Standard. The waiver

treats the Share Standard as the “Minimum Holding”

requirement for LIC for the purposes of the Listing Rules.


Listing Rule 7.6.3: A waiver has been granted to allow

LIC to provide financial assistance to the “Approved

Holding Entity” under the New Constitution. The

Approved Holding Entity acquires Shares in LIC on behalf

of Shareholders in administering a voluntary investment

scheme or dividend reinvestment plan approved by the

Board.


Listing Rule 7.6.9: A ruling has been granted to allow

LIC to buy back Shares from an exiting Shareholder as a

“routine buyback”.


Listing Rule 8.1.3: A waiver has been granted to allow

the Nil Paid Shares to carry full voting rights. Without this

waiver, the Nil Paid Shares could only carry voting rights

in proportion to which the Share is paid up.


Listing Rule 8.2.1: As LIC is a non-standard issuer, a

ruling has been granted that allows LIC a more extensive

lien over the Shares than would otherwise be the case.

This is because the lien secures all monies owing to LIC.


Listing Rule 11.1.5: Approvals have been granted to

certain restrictions on the issue, acquisition or transfer

of Shares. For the most part, these relate to the

co-operative nature of LIC and the fact that only

Qualifying Customers can hold Shares (other than a

limited pool of Shares available to employees under the

employee share scheme).

Minority Buy-out Rights

Sections 110 and 118 of the Companies Act grant minority

buy-out rights to any Shareholders who vote all of their Shares

against a special resolution approving any matter that affects

the rights attaching to shares. Resolution 2 affects the rights

attaching to Co-operative Control Shares and to Investment

Shares, and so minority buy-out rights will be available to those

Shareholders voting against Resolution 2.

Exercising Buy-out Rights

A Shareholder who wishes to exercise those minority buy-out

rights must cast all votes attached to Shares registered in the

Shareholder’s name and having the same beneficial owner,

against Resolution 2.

If a Shareholder votes all of their Shares against Resolution 2

but it is nevertheless approved, in order to exercise minority

buy-out rights, the Shareholder must, within 10 Business Days

of the passing of Resolution 2, give written notice to LIC that

the Shareholder requires LIC to purchase the Shareholder’s

Shares. This notice will apply to all Shares held by the

Shareholder.

LIC must, within 20 Business Days of receipt of such notice:

• agree to the purchase of the relevant Shares; or

• arrange for some other person to agree to purchase the

relevant Shares; or

• apply to the court for an order exempting LIC from the

obligation to purchase the Shares, on the grounds that

the purchase would be:

–disproportionately damaging to LIC; or

–that LIC cannot reasonably be required to finance the

purchase; or

–it would not be just and equitable to require LIC to

purchase the Shares; or

• arrange for Resolution 2 to be rescinded by another

special resolution of Shareholders, or decide in the

appropriate manner not to take the action concerned, as

the case may be; and

• give written notice to the Shareholder of the Board’s

decision as to which of the above actions it will take.

SECTION B: EXPLANATION OF THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

38
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Where LIC agrees to purchase the Shares, it must, within 5

Business Days after the written notice of LIC’s decision in the

preceding paragraph, give written notice to the Shareholder,

setting out the price (or prices, in the case of Shares of

different classes) the Board offers to pay for the Shares and

certain information relating to how the price was calculated.

Co-operative Control Shares

The price payable for a Co-operative Control Share will be

calculated in accordance with section 22 of the Co operative

Companies Act 1996 and the Constitution. Together, they

provide that the price may be the lower of:

• the nominal value of that Share;

• the amount paid up on the Share; or

• the amount determined under clause 8.3 of the

Constitution.

Investment Shares

The price payable by LIC for an Investment Share will be a

“fair and reasonable” price, which does not take into account

any fluctuation (positive or negative, and whenever occurring)

attributable to the proposed Reclassification.

Arbitration

If the Shareholder considers that the price offered is not fair

and reasonable, they must within a further 10 Business Days,

give written notice of their objection to LIC.

If within 10 Business Days of the Board giving notice to the

Shareholder, no objection to the price has been received by

LIC, LIC must purchase the Shares at the nominated price:

• on a date agreed between LIC and the Shareholder; or

• if no date is agreed, as soon as practicable.

If the Shareholder objects to the price being offered by LIC:

• the question of what is fair and reasonable must be

referred to arbitration; and

• LIC must, within 5 Business Days of receiving the notice

of objection pay a provisional price in respect of the

Shares equal to the price nominated by the Board.

The arbitration is to be conducted in accordance with the

Arbitration Act 1996. The arbitrator must expeditiously

determine a fair and reasonable price for the Shares to be

purchased. If the price determined by the arbitrator exceeds

the provisional price paid by LIC, LIC must immediately pay

the balance owing to the Shareholder. If the price determined

is less than the provisional price paid by LIC, LIC may recover

the excess paid from the Shareholder. The arbitrator may

award interest on any balance payable or excess to be repaid.

The Arbitration Act preserves the right of an arbitrator to

award legal and expert costs and, therefore, both LIC and the

relevant Shareholder(s) bear the risk of an adverse cost award

in connection with any arbitration if they are unsuccessful.

On-Market Sales as Preferred Remedy

LIC encourages any Investment Shareholders who would wish

to exercise minority buy-out rights to consider selling their

Investment Shares on-market, rather than exercising their

formal rights. That approach is the traditional avenue open to

shareholders of listed companies where the shareholder does

not agree with the company’s direction.


SECTION B: EXPLANATION OF THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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39

40
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

Glossary

Announced means a disclosure to Shareholders made through

the market announcement platform for NZAX.

Annual Update means the annual process of adjusting the

shareholdings of Co-operative Control Shareholders so that

their respective shareholdings meet the Share Standard in

respect of the Qualifying Expenditure of each such Shareholder

for the preceding season.

Approved Holding Entity has the meaning given to it in the

Constitution.

Board means the Directors numbering not less than the

required quorum acting together as a board of Directors.

Business Day has the meaning given to “Working Day” in the

Companies Act.

Companies Act means Companies Act 1993.

Company, Co-operative or LIC means Livestock Improvement

Corporation Limited.

Compliance Date means the date by which Shareholders

or new customers are required to share up (or sell down) in

relation to any particular year. Under the existing Constitution,

this is 15 July of the following year (or as soon as practicable

thereafter) and under the Proposal, this will be 15 October of

the following year.

Conditions and Service Rules has the meaning given to the

term “Service Rules” in the Constitution.

Constitution means the company constitution of LIC.

Co-operative Control Shareholding Requirement has

the meaning given to it in the Constitution being shares

equivalent to 4% of Qualifying Expenditure as at the date of

this document. Under the Proposal, the concept of “Share

Standard” is used from Implementation instead of Co-operative

Control Shareholding Requirement.

Co-operative Control Shareholder means a Shareholder

holding one or more Co-operative Control Shares.

Co-operative Control Shares means Shares having a nominal

value and designated as Co-operative Control Shares.

Council or Shareholder Council means the LIC Shareholder

Council.

Councillor means a person elected by Shareholders within a

ward to represent that ward on the LIC Shareholder Council.

DIRA means the Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001.

Directors mean the directors for the time being of the

Company.

FMCA means the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013.

Implementation means the process of the Reclassification.

Implementation Date means the date the Reclassification

takes effect in accordance with the Implementation Timetable.

Implementation Timetable means the timetable for the

implementation of the Proposal set out on page 9 of this

document, as amended from time to time by the Board and

Announced to Shareholders.

Independent Adviser means Northington Partners.

Independent Adviser’s Report means the report of

Northington Partners dated 9 February 2018, a summary of

which is set out on pages 14 to 17.

Information Pack means the suite of documents described on

the inside cover of this document.

Investment Shareholder means a Shareholder holding one or

more Investment Shares.

Investment Shares means Shares which bear no par or

nominal value and which are designated as Investment Shares.

Listing Rules means the NZAX Listing Rules which relate to the

NZAX as amended from time to time, and may be a reference

to a particular Rule or Rules as specified.

Minimum Purchases Amount has the meaning given in the

Constitution.

New Constitution means the constitution of LIC proposed to be

adopted pursuant to the Proposal.

Nil Paid Shares means, pre-Reclassification, the nil paid Co-

operative Control Shares issued under the Proposal to holders

of Co-operative Control Shares or, post-Reclassification, the nil

paid Ordinary Shares. These Shares must be paid up over time

as explained in this document.

NZAX means the NZX Alternative Market operated by NZX

Limited.

Ordinary Shareholder means a Shareholder holding one or

more Ordinary Shares.

Ordinary Shares means a share in the capital of the Company

which has the rights set out in section 36(1) of the Companies

Act.

Proposal means the actions contemplated by the Resolutions,

taken together.

Qualifying Customer means any person who satisfies the

requirements in the Constitution to become a Shareholder.

Qualifying Expenditure means expenditure on Qualifying

Products and Services.

Qualifying Products and Services has the meaning given in

the Constitution.

Regulations means the Financial Markets Conduct Regulations

2014.

SECTION B: GLOSSARY

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

41


Reclassification:

a. means, in relation to each Co-operative Control Share and

each Investment Share:

i. all rights and restrictions conferred on a Share

pursuant to its terms of issue will no longer have

effect (except for any rights relating to any dividend,

distribution, or other entitlement accrued on or

before the Implementation Date, which will subsist);

ii. the terms on which that Share is issued will be

replaced with the terms of issue of an Ordinary

Share; and

iii. from the Implementation Date, such Share will be an

Ordinary Share, and the holder of such Share will be

an Ordinary Shareholder who will be conferred all

the rights and obligations in respect of an Ordinary

Share (other than in respect of any dividend,

distribution, or other entitlement that has accrued

before the Implementation Date); and

b. for the avoidance of doubt, does not constitute

redemption, cancellation or buy-back of Shares or an

issue, allotment or creation of a new Share,


and Reclassify shall be construed accordingly.

Relevant Interest has the meaning given to that term in the

FMCA.

Resolutions means Resolution 1 and Resolution 2 set out at

pages 32 of this document.

Returning Officer has the meaning given in the Constitution.

Roadshow means the Shareholder meetings arranged by

LIC for the purpose of discussing the Proposal and the voting

process with the Shareholders, the current timetable and

venues for which are set out in Schedule 4.

Share Standard means the existing share standard (as defined

as the Co-operative Control Shareholder Requirement in the

current Constitution) prior to Reclassification; or the new share

standard (defined as the Shareholding Requirement in the New

Constitution) after Reclassification, as the case may be.

Shares means shares in the Company that have been or may

be issued from time to time, including Co-operative Control

Shares, Investment Shares, Ordinary Shares and Nil Paid

Shares as appropriate.

Shareholder means a person whose name is entered in the

register of security holders maintained by the Company as the

holder for the time being of one or more Shares.

Special Meeting means the special meeting of Shareholders to

be held at LIC’s Tempero Centre, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville

Roads, Newstead, Hamilton on Wednesday, 14 March 2018 at

10.30 am.

Subsidiary means a subsidiary of LIC.

Voting Form means the combined proxy appointment and

voting form to be used for the purposes of the Special Meeting.

Additional Notes:

• Percentages in this document have been rounded to the

nearest percent.

• Numbers of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment

Shares, when referenced as a group, have been rounded

to the nearest 100,000.

• References to legislation refer to that legislation as

amended from time to time.

SECTION B: GLOSSARY

42
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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SCHEDULE 1

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

43


SCHEDULE 1

Summary of Shareholding Rights between Classes



The table below describes LIC’s assessment of the principal changes proposed to be made to the Shareholders’ rights.

PRE-RECLASSIFICATIONPOST-RECLASSIFICATION

Key FeatureCo-operative Control

Shares

Investment SharesOrdinary Shares

Are the Shares Listed?NoYes – on the NZAX Yes – on the NZAX

How are Shares valued?Nominal Value of $1.00 No par or nominal value.

Value is set by trading on the

NZAX

No par or nominal value.

Value is set by trading on the

NZAX

Who can hold Shares?New Zealand dairy

farmers who are Qualifying

Customers

Investment Shares can only

be held by Co-operative

Control Shareholders (with

some limited exceptions)

16

New Zealand dairy

farmers who are Qualifying

Customers (with some limited

exceptions)

17

How many Shares can /

must be held?

Based on a share standardMaximum holding of 5% of

Investment Shares on issue

Hybrid of rules for Co-

operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares:

Minimum holding based

on a Share Standard

(being increased under the

Proposal). Maximum holding

of 5% of the Ordinary Shares

on issue

Are Shareholders

required to surrender

or sell Shares?

Yes – if shares held exceed

the Share Standard at the

end of any season they must

be surrendered

Yes – if Shareholder ceases

to be a Co-operative Control

Shareholder they must

surrender or sell their Shares

within 2 years of no longer

being a Co-operative Control

Shareholder

Hybrid of rules for Co-

operative Control Shares

and Investment Shares:

Yes – if Shareholder ceases

to be a Qualifying Customer,

they must sell their Shares by

15 October in the second year

after the end of the relevant

season

What consideration

will Shareholders

receive for surrendered

Shares?

Generally, an amount equal

to the Nominal Value paid

Price set by NZAXPrice set by NZAX

Do voting rights attach

to the Shares?

Yes – but maximum voting

entitlement capped

No – except in limited

circumstances – voting

entitlement capped

Yes – but maximum voting

entitlement capped at 1%

(unless and until DIRA is

amended to remove this

requirement)

Are Shareholders

entitled to Dividends?

Yes – but the maximum

entitlement is capped

Ye s Ye s

Can Shares be

transferred and, if so,

to who?

No – except in limited

circumstances

Yes – this can be done on-

market or off-market and,

generally, only between

Qualifying Customers

18


Yes – this can be done on-

market or off-market and,

generally, only between

Qualifying Customers

19


Can Shares be held by

someone else on behalf

of a Shareholder?

No – except in limited

circumstances

No – except in limited

circumstances

No – except in limited

circumstances

SCHEDULE 1: SUMMARY OF SHAREHOLDING RIGHTS BETWEEN CLASSES

16. Employees may also hold, in aggregate, up to 5% of the Ordinary Shares.

17. The existing employee share scheme is reserved.

18. The exception being LIC employees to hold Shares through the employee share scheme.

19. As above. The Proposal preserves the existing employee share scheme in its existing form. Nil Paid Shares must be paid up prior to transfer, except in exceptional

circumstances approved by the Board.

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SCHEDULE 2

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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45


SCHEDULE 2

Summary of the Changes to the Constitution

The table below summarises LIC’s assessment of the principal changes proposed to be made to the current Constitution.

A copy of the New Constitution and a version of the Constitution showing all proposed changes is available at www.lic.co.nz/vote

DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE

Share StructureThere will only be a single

class of shares – Ordinary

Shares.

Key features of the Ordinary

Shares will be:

• Listed on NZAX with a

market-driven price

• Full voting rights

• Full economic rights (all

dividends and return of

capital on liquidation)

• 1% voting cap unless

and until DIRA is

amended to remove

this cap

Relevant references

throughout the Constitution

updated to reflect the

rights proposed to attach

to the Ordinary Shares and

remove the rights attaching

and references to both Co-

operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares.

There are two classes of

securities: Co-operative

Control Shares and

Investment Shares.

Key features of Co-operative

Control Shares are:

• Nominal value of $1

• Full voting rights

• Economic rights limited

to the Priority Dividend

(based on the first

mortgage lending rate

of LIC’s principal banks

in respect of secured

loans made to dairy

farmers) and a priority

return of capital on

liquidation

• 1% voting cap

Key features of Investment

Shares are:

• Listed on NZAX with

market-driven price

• No substantive voting

rights

• Subordinated dividend

• Subordinated rights

to residual capital in a

liquidation

All current Shares will be

reclassified as Ordinary

Shares.

Details of the reason for the

Reclassification are set out at

pages 18 to 20.

Minimum Purchases

Amount

Under the New Constitution,

the Board will be permitted

to change the Minimum

Purchases Amount from

time to time (with the

initial amount being as

set out below), subject

to consultation with the

Shareholder Council.

Any changes will be set

out in the Conditions and

Service Rules.

The Board has determined

that the initial Minimum

Purchases Amount will

be increased to $1,000

per season, which will be

specified in the Conditions

and Service Rules.

The Minimum Purchases

Amount is fixed at $500 per

season.

Amendments require

Shareholder approval by

ordinary resolution.

The Board believes that

$1,000 per season is an

appropriate Minimum

Purchases Amount. The

existing Minimum Purchases

Amount has not changed

since it was introduced

in 2002. Any current

Shareholders spending less

than $1,000 (approx 1% of

all Shareholders) will be

grandfathered (see page 25).

The Board believes it is

sensible to have the flexibility

to amend the Minimum

Purchases Amount from time

to time, without having to

amend the New Constitution,

whilst recognising the need to

be clear for all customers.

SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE

Share StandardUnder the Constitution, the

Board will be permitted to

change the Share Standard

and how it is calculated

from time to time, subject

to consultation with the

Shareholder Council. Any

changes will be notified in

the Conditions and Service

Rules.

The Board has determined

that the initial Share

Standard will be increased to

one Share for each $6.25 of

Qualifying Expenditure and

a banded Share Standard

will be introduced, as

further described on page

24. Qualifying Expenditure

will be measured in uniform

$5,000 bands

20

.

The Share Standard will be

measured on the basis of

Qualifying Expenditure for

a Qualifying Customer on a

rolling three-year average

basis.

The Share Standard is fixed

at an equivalent to 4% of

Qualifying Expenditure in the

preceding year.

Amendments require

Shareholder approval by

ordinary resolution.

The Board believes it is

appropriate to set a higher

Share Standard, to effect a

greater alignment between

ownership in the Company

and spend with it. Averaging

the Qualifying Expenditure

over three years reduces the

financial burden of the higher

Share Standard by allowing

Shareholders to spread their

Share purchases over the

same period.

The Board believes it

is sensible to have the

flexibility to amend the Share

Standard from time to time,

without having to amend

the New Constitution, whilst

recognising the need to be

clear for all customers.

Maximum HoldingOrdinary shareholding

capped at 5%.

Investment shareholding

capped at 5%.

Consequential change

from the Reclassification.

The largest shareholding

immediately following the

Reclassification is anticipated

to be 2.2%.

New customers A new customer may apply to

become a Shareholder once

they exceed the Minimum

Purchases Amount in any

season.

Once a customer’s average

expenditure on Qualifying

Products and Services over

the three preceding seasons

exceeds the Minimum

Purchases Amount, they will

be deemed to have made

an application to become a

Shareholder and they must

hold the Share Standard on

the Compliance Date.

No Shares are acquired

on behalf of a Qualifying

Customer, except where a

Qualifying Customer fails to

meet the Share Standard on

the Compliance Date (see

page 26).

A new customer may apply

to become a Shareholder

(and will be deemed to

have applied to become

a Shareholder) once they

have exceeded the Minimum

Purchases Amount in any

season and are notified of

this by LIC.

The new customers will then

be issued Co-operative

Control Shares to ensure

they meet the Share

Standard. That issuance

will occur following the close

of the Season during which

that shareholder exceeds the

Minimum Purchases Amount.

The Co-operative Control

Shares are issued at the

nominal value at the time of

issuance (currently $1 each).

Consequential change

from the Reclassification

and the decision to set the

Share Standard based on

three-year average spend

on Qualifying Products and

Services.

The Board believes it is

sensible to allow a new

customer to apply to be

a Shareholder as soon as

they exceed the Minimum

Purchases Amount – this is

consistent with the existing

arrangement.

SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION

20. Except for the initial band which will apply from $1,000 to $4,999.

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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47


DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE

Compulsory acquisition

of Shares for existing

Shareholders

At the end of the Season,

the Company will notify each

Shareholder of its existing

holdings and any additional

Shares required to meet the

Share Standard.

Shareholders must then

acquire such number

of additional Shares to

ensure they meet the Share

Standard by the Compliance

Date (currently set as 15

October).

If a Shareholder does not

hold the Share Standard by

the Compliance Date, the

Company will acquire the

shortfall on behalf of the

Shareholder or issue new

Shares to the Shareholder in

which case the Shareholder

will be deemed to have

applied. Details of the

acquisition process are set

out at page 26.

Following the issue of Shares

under the Annual Update,

the Company sends each

Shareholder an annual

statement.

Where a Shareholder holds

fewer Co-operative Control

Shares than the Share

Standard on the Compliance

Date (currently, the Board

issues the additional Shares

to that Shareholder as part

of the Annual Update).

Moving to a market-traded

Share for the Share Standard,

rather than the current Co-

operative Control Shares,

means that Shareholders

have the opportunity to

determine how and when

to acquire Shares to meet

the Share Standard by the

Compliance Date.

The Compliance Date has

been pushed back following

the end pf each season to

allow Shareholders more time

to acquire any necessary

additional shares on market.

Compulsory disposal of

shares

Shareholders will not be

required to sell their Shares

unless they cease to spend

the Minimum Purchases

Amount in any season or

fail to meet other Qualifying

Customer criteria. They must

then sell their Shares by 15

October in the second year

after the end of the relevant

season (i.e. approximately

16 and a half months after

the end of the season in

which they did not spend the

Minimum Purchases Amount).

If a Shareholder has not sold

their Shares by that point,

the Company will be entitled

to sell their Shares on the

Shareholder’s behalf.

(An exception to this applies

for any Shareholder who, at

the Implementation Date,

met the previous Minimum

Purchases Amount and

continues to do so.)

Excess Co-operative Control

Shares must be surrendered

at nominal value.

Investment Shares must

be sold within 24 months of

ceasing to be a Co operative

Control Shareholder. A

Shareholder who ceases

to spend the Minimum

Purchases Amount with the

Company must surrender

their Co operative Control

Shares. If a Shareholder has

not sold their Investment

Shares by the required

date, the Company is

entitled to sell them on the

Shareholder’s behalf.

Shareholders should be able

to hold more Shares than the

Share Standard (subject to a

cap of 5%) but, generally, only

customers of LIC are entitled

to hold Ordinary Shares.

With LIC as a co-operative,

once a Shareholder ceases

to spend the Minimum

Purchases Amount, they

should be required to sell

their Shares within a defined

period (and the Company

must have the ability to

ensure that they are sold).

The period within which the

Shareholder is required to

sell their Shares has been

shortened to align it with the

Compliance Date to assist

liquidity in a period where

there is likely to be high

volumes of trading.

SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE

Transfer of SharesOrdinary Shares will be listed

and freely tradable amongst

Qualifying Customers on the

NZAX.

However, Ordinary Shares

that are unpaid or partly

paid will not be able to

be transferred until they

have been fully paid up (or

otherwise with the approval

of the Board).

Co-operative Control Shares

may be transferred to a

Qualifying Customer (subject

to prior Board approval).

Investment Shares are listed

and traded on the NZAX.

This change is consequential

to the decision to move to

one class of Shares. It allows

Shareholders to still seek

an economic investment

in LIC beyond meeting the

Share Standard. It also

gives Shareholders a choice

as to when to acquire the

Shares and when to sell them

for them to meet the Share

Standard.

DirectorsElected directors will

be elected by Ordinary

Shareholders in the relevant

region.

Elected directors are elected

by Co-operative Control

Shareholders in the relevant

region.

Consequential in that it

reflects the key elements of

the Proposal.

Honoraria CommitteeThe Honoraria Committee

will comprise up to four

Ordinary Shareholders,

elected by the Ordinary

Shareholders.

The Honoraria Committee

comprises up to four

Co-operative Control

Shareholders, elected by

the Co operative Control

Shareholders.

Consequential in that it

reflects the key elements of

the Proposal.

LIC Shareholder

Council

Councillors will be elected by

Ordinary Shareholders in the

relevant ward.

Councillors are elected

by Co-operative Control

Shareholders in the

relevant ward.

Consequential in that it

reflects the key elements of

the Proposal.

Qualifying Products

and Services

Those products and services

supplied by the Company

or any Subsidiary that are

identified by the Company

in its Conditions and Service

Rules as “Qualifying Products

and Services”, as may be

amended from time to time

in consultation with the

Council.

Stated Products and

Services provided by the

Company were classed as

“Qualifying Products and

Services” with any other

products and services as the

Board specifies from time to

time, subject to obtaining the

prior approval of the Council.

The Board believes it sensible

to have the flexibility to

change the Qualifying

Products and Services

from time to time, and to

allow Subsidiaries (eg LIC

Agritechnology Company

Limited) to supply Qualifying

Products and Services and

to reflect changes in the

broader Group product suite.

Modification of NZAX

Listing Rules

As there is only one class

of Shares, no distinction

needs to be drawn between

multiple classes for NZAX

Listing Rules purposes.

A number of provisions were

required to be included to

modify the Listing Rules

to reflect the listing of

Investment Shares only.

Consequential in that it

reflects the key elements of

the Proposal.

SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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49


SCHEDULE 3

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SCHEDULE 3: RISKS AFFECTING AN INVESTMENT IN LIC

SCHEDULE 3

Risks Affecting an Investment in LIC

The risks set out in the below table are provided in the context of Ordinary Shares tradable on the NZAX Main Board. These risks

are based on the knowledge and assessment of the Directors as at the date of this document and it is possible that other risks may

emerge in the future.

RISKDESCRIPTION AND

ASSESSMENT OF RISK

STEPS TO MITIGATE RISK

Risks relating to Implementation of the Proposal

1

Adverse price of

Ordinary Shares

Following Implementation, Ordinary Shares

will be listed on the NZAX and, as such, will be

subject to market pricing. It is possible that the

market price following Implementation is lower

than the value attributed to the Shares for the

purposes of the Implementation of the Proposal.

Since Ordinary Shares will not be redeemable,

Shareholders would be exposed to the

associated financial risk inherent in trading in

listed securities.

It is possible that an exiting Shareholder may

need to pay more than the then market price

of the Ordinary Shares to exit the Co-operative

because the balance owing on each Nil Paid

Share will not be affected by any changes in the

trading price of Ordinary Shares.

Assessment of likelihood of circumstances

arising: Medium

Assessment of impact: Medium

LIC has sought external financial and

valuation advice on the relative values of

the Co-operative Control Shares and the

Investment Shares and considered the

conclusions expressed by the Independent

Adviser to assist it in setting the relative

values for the purposes of the Proposal.

Risks relating to financial position and performance

2

Volatility of

New Zealand milk

price

Volatility of New Zealand milk price will affect

returns paid to farmers. A decrease in milk price

could reduce returns to farmers. The Company’s

revenue may therefore be reduced as farmers

decrease expenditure as a consequence of their

reduced returns.

As a net exporter of milk, New Zealand’s milk

price is heavily influenced by reference to the

price set by the Global Dairy Trade.

Assessment of likelihood of circumstances

arising: High

Assessment of impact: High

Continue to explore diversified growth

opportunities and ways to improve efficiency.

Reduce dependency on the New Zealand

market by continuing to diversify into

international markets.

Reduce dependency on the dairy sector by

continuing to diversify product offerings to

other species.

Continue to focus on innovating products and

solutions that provide operational efficiencies

to New Zealand dairy farms.

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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51


SCHEDULE 3: RISKS AFFECTING AN INVESTMENT IN LIC

RISKDESCRIPTION AND

ASSESSMENT OF RISK

STEPS TO MITIGATE RISK

Risks relating to delivery of products and services to Shareholders

3

Disruption to

semen straw

production

The Company’s ability to provide sufficient quality

semen during a season relies on a number of

factors including the maintenance and operation

of key equipment, staff training and adherence to

approved procedures and processes. An inability

to meet demand for the Company’s semen would

result in significant reputational damage as well as

a reduction in New Zealand revenue.

Assessment of likelihood of circumstances

arising: Medium

Assessment of impact: Medium

Each year a pre-season risk review is

conducted of all aspects of the production

process and any necessary remedial actions

are initiated prior to the season start.

Key equipment is routinely maintained and

staff trained in its correct use. Standard

operating procedures are well documented

and regularly reviewed.

Semen quality is monitored daily and non-

return rates are monitored weekly during the

peak of the season.

Contingency stock of frozen semen is

maintained at a separate location.

4

Major IT system

issues

Increased reliance both by farmers and the

Company on technology, IT systems and services

increases vulnerability to system outages and

data loss as a result of cyber intrusions or system

failures.

Assessment of likelihood of circumstances

arising: Medium

Assessment of impact: Medium

Security strategy, measures, reviews and

audits in place both within the Company and

within its technology service providers.

Business continuity and disaster recovery

plans and procedures documented and

regularly tested.

5

Bio-security /

animal health

issues

An exotic disease outbreak in New Zealand could

severely limit the Company’s ability to provide

biological products, including semen, to dairy

farmers in New Zealand and overseas, and to

continue testing of milk and other biological

samples. Health issues within the Company’s bull

team could equally reduce its ability to provide

quality products and services to dairy farmers.

Assessment of likelihood of circumstances

arising: Medium

Assessment of impact: High

Quarantine procedures on all LIC-controlled

locations.

Animals maintained at separate locations and

effective segregation of bulls occurs within a

single location.

Business continuity plans in place with regular

reviews and scenario testing.

Contingency stock of frozen semen

maintained at a separate location.

Veterinary expertise within the Company.

Regular bull inspections.

6

Introduction of

disruptive

technologies

Inability to commercialise new innovations and/or

respond quickly to disruptive technologies causing

reduced demand for existing products and services

with resultant reduction in revenue.

A core part of LIC’s business is its information

gathering and analysis, much of which occurs

through LIC’s software and connected devices.

This is an area where the speed and frequency

of new disruptive technologies, being developed

globally, is rising at an accelerated pace. We

believe this, together with the increasing

interconnectivity and decreasing cost of

development, presents a risk to LIC’s software

product offerings, in particular.

Assessment of likelihood of circumstances

arising: High

Assessment of impact: Medium

Adoption of world-leading software and

product development methodologies to

enable quicker commercialisation of new

and improved products and services and

prioritisation of capital spend to ensure

developments align with farmer needs.

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SCHEDULE 4

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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53


SCHEDULE 4: ROADSHOW 2018 TIMETABLE

SCHEDULE 4

Roadshows 2018 Timetable

Connecting your co-operative to the future

Locations/Schedule

TIMING

Day sessions — 11am - 1pm with a light lunch

Evening sessions — 7.30pm - 9.30pm followed by a light supper

NORTHLAND / WAIKATO / TARANAKI

DayDate am/pmLocationVenue

Mon26 Feb amKerikeri Okaihau Golf Club

Mon26 FebpmWhangareiTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Tues27 Feb amDargavilleTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Tues27 Feb pmWellsfordWellsford Community Centre

Wed28 Feb amPukekoheCampbell Tyson Events Centre

Wed28 Feb pmMatamataMatamata Club

Thur1 Mar amTaupiriTaupiri Rugby Club

Thur1 Mar pmHamiltonMatangi Hall

Fri2 Mar amCambridgeFarm Source Store on Albert Street

Mon5 MaramWaitaraClifton Rugby Club

Mon5 MarpmNew PlymouthQuality Hotel New Plymouth

Tues6 Mar amMidhirst (Inglewood)Farm Source, Inglewood

Tues6 Mar pmElthamEltham Vet Clinic

Wed7 Mar amWaverleyWaverley Community Centre

Wed7 Mar pmHaweraTSB HUB

Thur8 Mar amRahotuOaonui Hall

Thur8 Mar pmOtorohanga To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Fri9 Mar amPutaruruSt John’s Hall

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

WAIKATO / BOP / LOWER NORTH ISLAND

DayDate am/pmLocationVenue

Mon26 Feb amTe PukePongakawa Hall

Mon26 FebpmTaurangaSt Peters Church, Tauranga

Tues27 Feb amWhakataneAwakeri Events Centre

Tues27 Feb pmOpotikiSenior Citizens Club

Wed28 Feb amReporoaTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Wed28 Feb pmRotoruaDistinction Hotel

Thur1 Mar amGalateaGalatea RSA

Thur1 Mar pmWestern BayMangakino Hotel

Fri2 Mar amMorrinsvilleElstow Hall

Mon5 MaramTe AwamutuWaipa Workingmens Club

Mon5 MarpmNgateaNgatea Rugby & Sports Club

Tues6 Mar amWaipukurau To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Tues6 Mar pmTaradaleTaradale Hall

Wed7 Mar amDannevirkeThe Hub

Wed7 Mar pmPahiatuaTararua Club

Thur8 Mar amGreytownSouth Wairarapa Working Mens Club

Thur8 Mar pmFoxton To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Fri9 Mar amBullsSouth Rangitikei Vets

SCHEDULE 4: ROADSHOW 2018 TIMETABLE

Roadshows 2018 Timetable

Connecting your co-operative to the future

Locations/Schedule

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

55


SCHEDULE 4: ROADSHOW 2018 TIMETABLE

SOUTH ISLAND

DayDate am/pmLocationVenue

Mon26 Feb amGolden BayGolden Bay Recreation centre

Mon26 FebpmReefton To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Tues27 Feb amWhataroaWhataroa Hall

Tues27 Feb pmHokitikaTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Wed28 Feb amDarfield Rec and Community Centre

Wed28 Feb pmAshburtonHotel Ashburton

Thur1 Mar amTemukaTemuka Alpine Energy Stadium

Thur1 Mar pmRakaiaTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote

Fri2 Mar amCulverdenAmuri St. John’s

Mon5 MaramWaimateWaimate Event Centre

Mon5 MarpmWaitaki/PapakaioPapakaio Hall

Tues6 Mar amTaieriHenley Hall

Tues6 Mar pmClydevaleClutha Valley Rugby Club

Wed7 Mar amGoreJames Cumming Wing

Wed7 Mar pmWintonSalvation Army Hall

Thur8 Mar amSeaward Downs Seaward Downs Hall

Fri9 Mar amOtautauOtautau Sports Complex

Roadshows 2018 Timetable

Connecting your co-operative to the future

Locations/Schedule

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

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57

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LIC


NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

DIRECTORY

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

59


LIC

Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited

LIC Head Office

Corner Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads

Newstead, Hamilton

Private Bag 3016

Hamilton 3240

Tel: +64 7 856 0700

Website: www.lic.co.nz

Financial advisers to LIC

Deutsche Craigs Limited

Vero Centre

48 Shortland Street

Auckland 1010

PO Box 1196

Auckland 1140

Tel: +64 9 919 7400

Website: www.deutschecraigs.com

Financial and valuation advisers to LIC

PwC

PwC Tower

Level 22, 188 Quay Street

Auckland 1010

Private Bag 92162

Auckland 1142

Tel: +64 9 355 8000

Website: https://www.pwc.co.nz/

Independent adviser

Northington Partners

Level 14, 52 Swanson Street

Auckland 1010

PO Box 105 384

Auckland 1143

Tel: +64 9 913 4600

Website: http://northington.co.nz/


Legal advisers to LIC

Simpson Grierson

Lumley Centre

88 Shortland Street

Auckland 1010

Private Bag 92518

Auckland 1141

Tel: +64 9 358 2222

Website: www.simpsongrierson.com

Election manager

electionz.com Limited

3/3 Pukaki Road

Yaldhurst

Christchurch 8042

PO Box 3138

Christchurch 8140

Tel: +64 3 377 3530

Email: info@electionz.com

Registrar

Link Market Services Limited

Level 11, Deloitte Centre

80 Queen Street

Auckland 1010

PO Box 91976

Auckland 1142

Tel: +64 9 375 5998

Email: enquiries@linkmarketservices.co.nz

Election helpline

0800 666 033

DIRECTORY

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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM

SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL

SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE

|

3


Internet voting, postal voting & proxy

appointments close

10:30am Monday 12 March 2018

Or

Vote in person at the Special Meeting

10:30am Wednesday 14 March 2018

ote

Our Co-operative. Our Future. Your Vote.

---

Private Bag 3016
Hamilton 3240

New Zealand

PHONE 0800 264 632

www.lic.co.nz

February 9, 2018

John Smith

1090 Farm Road

RD 12, Waikato

New Zealand

Our Co-Op. Our Future. Your vote.

Dear Name,

Have your say on LIC’s future - Internet voting, postal voting & proxy appointments close 10:30am

Monday 12 March 2018 or you can vote in person at the Special Meeting, 10:30am Wednesday 14 March

2018 at LIC Newstead.

I am writing to you about an important proposal to simplify LIC’s share structure by bringing LIC’s two

classes of shares (co-operative and investment) together into a single class.

After a comprehensive process that began in 2016 in response to shareholder concerns about the

existing share structure, we are now pleased to recommend to you the proposed new share structure.

It will:

• Protect the co-operative principles that are fundamental to LIC

• Ensure a fairer system that treats all shareholders equally

• Give LIC capital flexibility in the future

• Support LIC’s strategy (Vision, Purpose, Strategic Themes and Values)

• Deliver a simpler share structure with less hassle for shareholders and LIC

Under the current share structure co-operative shareholders have greater voting rights but have

limited exposure to the financial benefits of our recent transformation programme and future growth

opportunities. Conversely, investment shareholders, while having a right to a greater share of the

economic value created by LIC for its shareholders, have limited ability to control the strategy or

direction that LIC takes to optimise that value.

This creates potentially serious conflicts between the two existing classes of shares. The Board

believes these conflicts will worsen over time and that now is the time to address these conflicts given

they will otherwise lead to issues for the on-going management and governance of LIC.

The proposal will reduce these conflicts, preserve LIC’s co-operative principles and allow us to focus

on a strategy designed to benefit all shareholders equally.

Share simplification is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders and LIC. While the

impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for some shareholders depending on their

current investment mix, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects.

It is now time for you as an LIC shareholder and owner of the co-operative to vote on these

important changes.

You
currently

have

You

will now

have

You

end up with

Currently

Step

Step

800

co-operative shares

=800 votes

=no cash dividend

200

investment shares

=0 votes

=200 dividends


3200

shares

(800 x fully paid ordinary shares)

(2400 nil paid ordinary shares)

=3200 votes

=3200 dividends

800

fully paid

ordinary shares

=800 votes

=800 dividends


4000

ordinary shares

All shares receive a dividend and have a vote

Your shareholding

See the accompanying Information Booklet and Notice of Meeting for more detail on the simplification process

or visit www.lic.co.nz/vote

1

2

What does it mean for

your shareholding?

Attached to this letter is an exact breakdown of how your LIC shareholding will change under the

proposed share simplification process.

The Share Simplification Booklet accompanying this letter introduces key aspects of this proposal,

along with the history of LIC’s share structure, and why we’re wanting to simplify it.

I’d encourage you to read both the Share Simplification Booklet and the Notice of Meeting before

voting. The Notice of Meeting provides important detail about the changes, their impact, and the

voting process.

Voting is easy and will only take a few minutes of your time. It is vital that you have your say over this

important aspect of LIC’s future.

Thanks to our partnership with electionz.com you can vote anytime online using your phone or

computer and all you need is your pin and password. You can also vote by post, in person, or by

appointing a proxy to attend the meeting on your behalf.

More information on how to vote is in the Notice of Meeting and with your voting papers.

These changes will only happen if approved by co-operative shareholders and investment

shareholders, each to a level of 75% or more of the votes received. Ministerial consent is also required

for the proposed changes to the Constitution.

Internet voting, postal voting & proxy appointments close 10:30am Monday 12 March 2018 or you

can vote in person at the Special Meeting, 10:30am Wednesday 14 March.

The Board of LIC and the Shareholders Council recommend a YES vote. The Independent Advisor

believes that the proposal on balance is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders

and LIC.

Moving to a single class of shares is about future proofing LIC and ensuring a resilient and adaptable

co-operative for generations to come.

For our co-operative to stay strong it is important that these changes happen. We urge you to support

them by voting yes.

Two classes of shares with unequal rights are not suitable for this modern, progressive co-operative.

Thank you for taking the time to read this letter.

Kind regards,

Murray King

Chairman of LIC

Share Simplification Key Points:

1From two classes of shares to one

2Fundamentals of co-operative protected

3All shareholders will have a vote and receive cash dividends based on profit

4Share standard will increase

5All shares will be listed and subject to market pricing

Jim Smith - XXXXXXXX

LIC Participant Code


This is how your LIC Shareholding will change

under the share simplification process

---

Livestock Improvement Corporation
Independent Appraisal Report

Prepared in Relation to the Proposed Share Simplification


February 2018


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 2

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 4

1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4

1.2. Summary of the Proposal....................................................................................................... 4

1.3. Summary of our Assessment of the Proposal ........................................................................ 5

1.4. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 7

2.0 Profile of LIC ............................................................................................................................ 8

2.1. Overview of the Company ...................................................................................................... 8

2.2. Significant Historical Events ................................................................................................... 8

2.3. Capital Structure and Ownership ........................................................................................... 9

2.4. Share Price Performance and Liquidity ................................................................................ 11

2.5. Summary Financial Results ................................................................................................. 12

2.6. Outlook................................................................................................................................. 15

3.0 Valuation of LIC ..................................................................................................................... 17

3.1. Valuation Methodology ........................................................................................................ 17

3.2. Preferred Valuation Approach for LIC .................................................................................. 18

3.3. Earnings Multiple Valuation.................................................................................................. 19

3.4. Valuation Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 24

4.0 Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal .......................................................................... 26

4.1. Overview .............................................................................................................................. 26

4.2. Relative Value Attributed to Investment Shares ................................................................... 28

4.3. Impact on Control Position of the Company ......................................................................... 28

4.4. Other Implications for LIC Shareholders .............................................................................. 29


Appendix 1. Comparable Company Information........................................................................ 35

Appendix 2. Sources of Information Used in this Report ......................................................... 37

Appendix 3. Declarations, Qualifications and Consents .......................................................... 38



Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 3

Abbreviations and Definitions

Abbreviations and Definitions

Company Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited

Co-operative Control Shares The first class of LIC shares carrying voting rights, with a nominal value, whose

ownership is directly tied to Qualifying Expenditure at LIC and cannot be directly

traded

Co-operative Control Shareholder Person holding one or more Co-operative Control Shares

DIRA The Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001

EBIT Earnings before interest and taxation

EBITDA Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation

EV Enterprise Value

Exchange Ratio The number of Ordinary Shares that each Investment Share is reclassified to

under the Proposal

Fully Paid Share Ordinary shares reclassified from Co-operative Control Shares and Investment

Shares whose face value has been paid up

Fonterra Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited

GBP British pounds

IAR This Independent Appraisal Report prepared by Northington Partners

Investment Shares The second class of LIC shares which carry no voting rights but are entitled to the

economic profit of LIC and are listed on the NZAX with trading restricted to Co-

operative Control Shareholders

Investment Shareholder Person holding one or more Investment Shares

kgMS Kilograms of milk solids

LIC Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited

Milk Price The Fonterra Farmgate Milk Price that Fonterra forecasts and pays to its suppliers

for each dairy season per kgMS

Nil Paid Share Ordinary shares issued under the Proposal to Co-operative Control Shareholders

whose face value has not been paid up

NMR National Milk Records PLC

Northington Partners Northington Partners Limited

Notice of Meeting The notice of special meeting of LIC shareholders and accompanying material in

relation to the Proposal

NZAX The NZX Alternative Market exchange

NZX NZX Limited

Ordinary Shares Single class of shares which current Co-operative Control Shares and Investment

Shares are reclassified to, and which are issued as part of the Proposal

PGG Wrightson PGG Wrightson Limited

Proposal The proposed change in capital structure to move LIC from a dual class structure

to a single class structure as detailed in the Notice of Meeting

Qualifying Expenditure The dollar amount of purchases of products and services from LIC identified by

LIC as qualifying in its services catalogue, and upon which required ownership of

Co-operative Control Shares is based

Share Ownership Ratio The proportion of Co-operative Control Shares to Investment Shares that a

shareholder holds

Share Standard The number of shares that a Co-operative Control Shareholder must own based

on their Qualifying Expenditure, currently 1 share for every $25 of Qualifying

Expenditure

Synlait Synlait Milk Limited


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 4

Executive Summary

1.0 Executive Summary

1.1. Introduction

Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (“LIC” or the “Company”) is a user-owned co-operative

that develops, produces and markets artificial breeding, genetics, farm software, farm automation and

herd testing services to over 10,000 New Zealand dairy farmers and international customers.

The Company currently has two classes of shares:

▪ “Co-operative Control Shares” – 100% owned by LIC customers, who must subscribe for

shares with a nominal value equal to 4% of their Qualifying Expenditure with the Company

over the preceding dairy season; and

▪ “Investment Shares” - listed on the NZAX market, with trading restricted to Co-operative

Control Shareholders.

In response to inherent conflicts between the holders of the two classes of shares, LIC began a

comprehensive review of its share structure two years ago. A number of alternative structures have

been evaluated and the LIC Board has now resolved to proceed with a proposal to simplify the

Company’s capital structure and move to a single class of Ordinary Shares (the “Proposal”).

The LIC Board has commissioned Northington Partners Limited (“Northington Partners”) to prepare

an Independent Appraisal Report (“IAR”) in relation to the Proposal. While a report is not formally

required from a regulatory point of view, it will be made available to all shareholders to ensure that

they are appropriately informed when deciding whether or not to approve the relevant resolutions in

relation to the Proposal.

The principal purpose of the IAR is to provide an independent assessment of the rationale for the

Proposal, its merits and the fairness to the holders of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment

Shares respectively. These issues are all considered within the context of the current purpose and

potential future strategy of the Company.

1.2. Summary of the Proposal

Full details of the Proposal are set out in the Notice of Special Meeting and Explanatory

Memorandum (“Notice of Meeting”) which will be sent to all LIC shareholders. That includes a

description of the background and purpose of the Proposal, as well as details on the mechanics of

the process and the impact of the changes for each individual shareholder.

Table 1 summarises the key features of the two share classes currently on issue.

Table 1: Summary of Key Features of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares

Feature Co-operative Control Shares Investment Shares

Shares on

Issue

6,281,892 (18% of total shares on issue) 29,528,590 (82% of total shares on issue)

Voting

Rights

1

Full standard voting rights Voting rights only in respect of matters

affecting their rights and in the event of a

liquidation of the Company

Dividend

Policy

Receive preferred dividends based on

Westpac New Zealand’s farm first mortgage

interest rates (to the extent they are paid)

Receive ordinary dividends based on LIC’s

financial performance

Ownership

Requirement

Must hold shares with aggregate nominal

value equal to 4% of expenditure on LIC’s

qualifying products or services (assuming

this expenditure is more than $500)

No obligation to own Investment Shares


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 5

Executive Summary

Feature Co-operative Control Shares Investment Shares

Ownership

Restrictions

Cannot be traded; shares are issued or

redeemed by the Company so that

customers remain compliant with the Share

Standard


Can only be traded between Co-operative

Control shareholders. A shareholder can

own a maximum of 5% of Investment Shares

on issue and must sell within two years of no

longer holding Co-operative Control Shares

Number of

Shareholders

10,212 6,691

Share

Trading and

Redemption

Issued and redeemed by LIC at a nominal

value of $1.00 per share

Traded on the NZAX through registered

brokers or directly between shareholders off-

market

1

Any single shareholder is limited to 1% of total voting rights.

Under the Proposal, all shares in LIC will be reclassified into a single class of shares which are

Ordinary Shares. The steps involved in the process are set out in the Notice of Meeting under the

section titled “What does the Proposal involve”, and are designed to deliver an outcome whereby the

aggregate number (and value) of Ordinary Shares held by each group of shareholders is consistent

with the number of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares that are currently on issue.

1.3. Summary of our Assessment of the Proposal

Our full assessment of the merits of the Proposed Transaction for LIC shareholders is set out in

Section 4.0, and summarised below in Table 2.

Table 2: Summary of Conclusions

Item Key Conclusions

Further

Information

Overview

▪ The current share structure creates potential conflicts between the Co-

operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares, which in turn gives

rise to a number of issues for the on-going management and governance

of the Company.

▪ The key conflicts relate to shareholders at two ends of the Co-operative

Control Share and Investment Share ownership spectrum (those having

the majority of their investment in LIC weighted to either class).

Shareholders weighted to Co-operative Control Shares have greater

voting rights but a limited share in the future prospects of the Company or

exposure to the potential financial benefits of LIC’s recent transformation

programme and new growth opportunities. Conversely, those

shareholders with more Investment Shares obtain a greater share of the

economic value of LIC and its potential future growth with no ability to

control the strategy or direction of the Company.

▪ These potential conflicts are exacerbated by the fact that the shareholders

do not own the same proportions of the two share classes; for example,

about 36% of shareholders only hold Co-operative Control Shares, while

another 31% are overweight in Investment Shares (own a higher ratio of

Investment Shares compared to the overall ratio of 18% Co-operative

Control Shares / 82% Investment Shares).

▪ We believe that simplifying the capital structure to one class of share now

is a sensible goal. Doing so will eliminate the conflict, preserve the

company’s co-operative principles and allow the Company to focus on a

strategy designed to benefit all shareholders equally.

▪ Unfortunately, the proposed implementation process is relatively

complicated and has different impacts for different groups of

shareholders, largely dependent on the relative holding of Co-operative

Control Shares compared to Investment Shares.

▪ Those shareholders who currently only own Co-operative Control Shares

are likely to do so simply to meet the Share Standard required to access

LIC’s goods and services. The Proposal results in these farmers both

increasing their investment in LIC through Nil Paid Shares (in essence, an

interest free loan from the Company) and, given the terms of the Ordinary

Shares, effectively converting their exposure to the Company to more of a

Section 4.1


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 6

Executive Summary

Item Key Conclusions

Further

Information

standard commercial interest. This commercial focus is more in line with

the current objectives of the Investment Shares.

▪ While some of the current shareholders who are underweight in

Investment Shares may view the consequences of the Proposal

negatively, we suggest that the impacts on an individual basis are

relatively limited. Most farmers’ investment in LIC is not very material in

the context of their overall farming operations and the Proposal will not

significantly change that position.

▪ Those shareholders overweight in Investment Shares are giving up some

economic value in LIC through a reduced share of the future profits of the

Company but obtain voting rights that will provide greater influence over

the strategy and future direction of the Company (including the ability to

vote on director appointments). This change will ensure Investment

Shareholders have greater ability to preserve their economic interests.

▪ When considered across all LIC shareholders, we conclude that the

benefits of the Proposal outweigh the potential negative impacts for some

groups of existing shareholders.

Relative

Value

Attributed to

Investment

Shares

▪ Implementation of the Proposal requires an assessment of the current

intrinsic value of the Investment Shares compared to the $1.00 nominal

value attributed to the Co-operative Control Shares. The relative value

attributed to each share class is important because it determines how

much of the total economic value of the business is allocated to each

group of shareholders as part of the Proposal.

▪ Based on a range of factors, including independent expert advice, the LIC

Board has attributed a relative value of $4.00 to each Investment Share.

This is broadly in line with our assessed value range for the Investment

Shares of between $3.81 and $4.88 per share, with a mid-point of $4.34.

▪ We therefore conclude that the adopted Investment Share value of $4.00

per share is fair to all shareholders.

Section 4.2

Impact on

Control

Position of

the Company

▪ Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the

Company are attached to the Co-operative Control Shares. Following

completion of the Proposal, all Ordinary Shares on issue will have voting

rights and the distribution of voting rights amongst shareholders will

change.

▪ The Proposal would have no impact on the control position if all

shareholders held the same ratio of Co-operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares. However, the shareholders who are underweight in

Investment Shares will end up with a lower level of voting rights and those

with an overweight position in Investment Shares will increase their

relative voting control.

▪ These changes for individual farmers are not material. No shareholder

currently has a significant control position in LIC and the Proposal will not

change that position at an individual farmer level.

▪ However, the overall control position for the group of farmers who

currently only own Co-operative Control Shares will be materially affected,

moving from 40% of the total voting rights on issue down to 7%.

Conversely, the total voting rights currently held by those shareholders

who are characterised as being overweight in Investment Shares will

increase from 26% to 69%.

▪ That means that a significant block of voting rights will effectively be

transferred from a group of shareholders who currently have limited

commercial interest in the Company (via either zero or a limited position in

Investment Shares) to those that are currently most focused on

commercial outcomes (holding a relatively high number of Investment

Shares). In effect these shareholders are giving up their voting interests in

exchange for a greater entitlement to the future profits of LIC.

▪ While these changes are important, we note that if the Proposal does go

ahead, all shareholders should then be uniformly focused on commercial

returns irrespective of their current relative holdings in Co-operative

Control Shares and Investment Shares.

Section 4.3


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 7

Executive Summary

Item Key Conclusions

Further

Information

Other

Implications

for LIC

Shareholders

The Proposal will have a range of other potential implications for all LIC

shareholders:

▪ Share Standard: A number of changes to the current Share Standard are

proposed as part of the Proposal. We believe that these will provide some

benefits to both the Company and its shareholders in the future and will

be implemented in a way which has limited short-term impact on the

current shareholders.

▪ Market Price Risk: All Ordinary Shares will be subject to market price risk

and may trade at prices above or below the implied issue price at

inception (which is based on the assessed $4.00 value of the Investment

Shares). The risk is especially relevant to farmers who may be looking to

retire in the short term and will therefore need to sell all of their shares. In

relation to the nil paid Ordinary Shares issued in exchange for Co-

operative Control Shares, it is possible that a retiring farmer will need to

pay-up the share to $1.00 and then sell the share on-market at a lower

price.

▪ Liquidity: While the Investment Shares are currently listed on the NZAX

market, liquidity is extremely low. We believe that there could be a higher

level of liquidity in the Ordinary Shares following the Proposal, but note

that the improvement is likely to be modest.

▪ Dividends Returns: Shareholders will be giving up the preferred dividend

on their Co-operative Control Shares for ordinary dividends meaning all

shareholders’ future dividends will be directly linked to the future financial

performance of LIC. While LIC paid no dividends on Co-operative Control

or Investment Shares in FY17, assuming future dividends in-line with

historic averages, shareholders with no Investment Shares (or

underweight Investment Shares) will receive a greater share of future total

dividends and shareholders overweight Investment Shares will suffer a

modest level of dilution in exchange for greater control. Shareholders with

a relatively balanced level of Co-operative Control to Investment Shares

will receive similar dividend returns to what they do currently.

Section 4.4

1.4. Conclusion

On balance, we believe that the Proposal is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders and

the Company. While the impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for some groups of

shareholders depending on their current relative investment in Co-operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects. The current

dual share structure gives rise to a potentially serious conflict of interest between the two shareholder

groups and poses a considerable barrier to meeting the objectives of the Company. The

reclassification to one class of Ordinary Shares will ensure that the Company can retain its co-

operative principles while focusing on a future strategy that optimises the outcomes for all

shareholders.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 8

Profile of LIC

2.0 Profile of LIC

2.1. Overview of the Company

LIC is a farmer owned co-operative providing bovine genetics and technology solutions. Its history

traces back to 1909 when herd testing services were first provided, and the Company is now the largest

provider of artificial breeding services in New Zealand with management estimating LIC’s market share

between 75% and 80%.

LIC primarily provides solutions across four distinct but connected segments:

▪ Genetics: Provision of bovine genetic breeding material and related services to dairy farmers;

▪ Herd Testing: Measurement of milk outputs to assist with herd management and optimisation;

▪ Farm Software: Herd data recording and management through its MINDA software platform, and

other information services; and

▪ Farm Automation: On-farm automation solutions such as drafting gates and sensors, primarily

through the Protrack brand. These typically integrate with LIC’s MINDA platform.

In addition to these segments, LIC also earns revenues from diagnostics, animal health and treatment

and other ancillary services.

In December 2016, LIC separated into two businesses, a herd improvement company (LIC) and an

agritechnology subsidiary (LIC Agritechnology Company Limited) which operates the software and

automation business. This separation was done with the intention to create further growth options for

the agritechnology business, and potentially allow for external investment into that business. Despite

this move, LIC currently continues to operate as one single, combined business.

2.2. Significant Historical Events

Key milestones in LIC’s history since inception are summarised below.

Date Event

1909 First routine herd testing services commenced by New Zealand farmers.

1935 Artificial insemination trials begin in New Zealand.

1988 LIC Corporation formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of the New Zealand Dairy Board.

2001 The Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001 (“DIRA”) passes into law.

2002 LIC takes its current form as a user-owned co-operative.

2003 Shareholders approve a dual share structure consisting of Co-operative Control Shares and

Investment Shares.

2003 LIC enters the automation solutions sector with the launch of Protrack.

2004 Investment Shares listed on the NZAX market.

2008 LIC removes requirement for Co-operative Control Shareholders to own Investment Shares, and

institutes the current maximum 5% shareholding cap for Investment Shareholders.

Jun-16 LIC commences a national roadshow to discuss potential changes to the co-operative’s capital

structure.

Dec-16 LIC separates into a herd improvement co-operative and an agritech company subsidiary.

Jun-17 LIC announces that when it communicates its preferred option for capital restructure in early

2018, it expects to seek shareholder approval to move to a single class of shares.

Source: LIC announcements and website, IRESS.




Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 9

Profile of LIC

2.3. Capital Structure and Ownership

2.3.1. Dual Class Share Structure

LIC has a dual share class structure consisting of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares.

Co-operative Control Shares hold voting rights but are not entitled to an ordinary dividend, while

Investment Shares receive dividends but have limited voting rights. Co-operative Control Shares

receive a preferred dividend, at the discretion of LIC’s board, based on the mortgage lending rates of

LIC’s bankers. The Co-operative Control Shares have a fixed nominal value of $1.00 per share, while

the Investment Shares trade freely amongst Co-operative Control Shareholders on the NZAX.

All customers of LIC are required to own 1 Co-operative Control Share for every $25 of Qualifying

Expenditure made during the most recent dairy season (subject to a minimum threshold). As the

quantum of purchases by a shareholder changes from season to season, LIC issues and / or redeems

Co-operative Control Shares from each shareholder at the $1.00 nominal value. Only LIC customers

can own Co-operative Control Shares, and should a farmer cease to be a customer they will be forced

to redeem their shareholding.

Ownership of Investment Shares is restricted to Co-operative Control Shareholders (apart from the LIC

Employee Share Scheme), but there is no obligation for Co-operative Shareholders to hold any

Investment Shares if they so choose. Co-operative Shareholders can buy and sell Investment Shares

on the NZAX subject to a limit that no shareholder can own more than 5% of all Investment Shares. A

farmer who ceases to be a Co-operative Shareholder must divest their shareholding in Investment

Shares within two years.

2.3.2. Shareholding Breakdown and Distribution

As at 10 January 2018, LIC had 6,281,892 Co-operative Control Shares and 29,528,590 Investment

Shares on issue, spread over 10,212 Co-operative Control Shareholders. Approximately 6,378

shareholders own both Co-operative and Investment Shares. There were an additional 308

shareholders who own only Investment Shares, representing 4.3% of Investment Shares in aggregate.

These represent employee holdings under the LIC Employee Share Scheme and former customers

who are in the process of divesting their shareholdings.

Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the Company are attached to the Co-

operative Control Shares. If the Proposal is approved, all of the Ordinary Shares will have voting rights

and this change will have an impact on the overall control position of the Company, both at an

aggregate level and potentially for each individual shareholder (as already discussed above and in

Section 4.1).

Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of voting rights across the LIC shareholder base in order from the

highest number of Co-operative Control shares to lowest. This indicates that most of LIC’s shareholders

hold less than 2,000 Co-operative Control Shares (with only 240 shareholders holding more). While

there is no clear relationship between the number of Co-operative Control Shares a shareholder holds

and the number of Investment Shares they choose to own, the largest shareholders of one class are

typically not significant shareholders of the other. LIC’s largest Co-operative Shareholder holds 8,447

Co-operative Control Shares (0.1% of total) and its largest Investment Shareholder holds 794,027

Investment Shares (2.7% of total).


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 10

Profile of LIC

Figure 1: Co-operative and Investment Shareholding Across LIC’s Shareholders


Source: LIC, Northington Partners.

Figure 2 shows the distribution of shareholders based on the percentage of their total shareholding

(being Co-operative Control Shares plus Investment Shares) that is represented by Investment Shares.

This illustrates that the while the most common position amongst LIC shareholders is to hold only Co-

operative Control Shares (with about 3,800 or 36% of shareholders in this position), the majority of

shareholders do hold both Co-operative and Investment Shares. Amongst these dual class holders, it is

most common for Investment Shares to comprise over 75% of each individual’s total shareholding.

Figure 2: Number of Shareholders Categorised by Ratio of Shareholding Between Share Classes


Source: LIC, Northington Partners.

Approximately 18% of the total number of shares on issue are Co-operative Control Shares (6,281,892

shares), with the remaining 82% being Investment Shares (29,528,590 shares). This 18%:82% ratio is

referred to as the Share Ownership Ratio and is a useful benchmark against which to compare each

individual shareholder’s personal position. Those that have less than 82% of their total shareholding in

Investment Shares can be described as being underweight in Investment Shares, while those with

greater than 82% are overweight in Investment Shares.

Based on the shareholder distribution data summarised in Figure 2, we note that:

▪ About 5,900 shareholders (56% of the total) are underweight Investment Shares, including

approximately 3,800 shareholders (36%) that don’t own any Investment Shares at all;

▪ Approximately 1,000 shareholders (10%) have a balanced position, with between 80% and 85%

of their total shares represented by Investment Shares; and

▪ About 3,300 shareholders (31%) are overweight in Investment Shares, with an additional 308

shareholders (3%) holding only Investment Shares.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

Co

-

operative Control Shares

Investment Shares

No. of Investment Shares Held (RHS)No. of Co-op Shares Held (LHS)

Shareholder #10,524

Shareholder #1

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

0%0 - 10%- 20%- 30%- 40%- 50%- 60%- 70%- 80%- 90%<100%100%

Number of Shareholders

Percentage of Total Shareholding Held as Investment Shares

100% Co-op Shares

100% InvestmentShares

(employees and former

customers)

A shareholder with a 18%/82%ratio of Co-

operative Shares to Investment Shares has

a position that is consistent with the overall

number of shares on issue.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 11

Profile of LIC

As discussed further in Section 4.0, we suggest that some shareholders’ views on the merits of the

Proposal may be related to their relative shareholding position and the degree to which they are

underweight or overweight in Investment Shares.

2.4. Share Price Performance and Liquidity

Figure 3 summarises the total shareholder return (being capital movements plus dividends) from LIC’s

NZAX-traded Investment Shares for the five-year period ending 9 January 2018, relative to the NZX50

Gross Index. While LIC exhibited strong returns over 2013 and 2014, it’s returns since 2015 have been

depressed, significantly impacted by reduced capital investment by dairy farmers under a lower dairy

payout environment. In turn this has resulted in reduced liquidity in LIC which is likely to have

contributed to LIC’s relatively poor share price performance in the last three years of the period. Over

the last five years, Investment Shares have delivered an aggregate -47% return compared to 107% for

the NZX50.

Figure 3: LIC Total Shareholder Return Relative to NZX50 (Rebased to 100)


Source: IRESS, Northington Partners.

Figure 4 illustrates the value and volume of Investment Shares traded over the last 10 years (up to the

end of 2017). The volume of Investment Shares traded has shown a general declining trend since

2008/2009. However, trading values increased over 2012 to 2014 coinciding with a period of higher

profitability and dividends. The resulting higher share price and active dividend reinvestment plan

resulted in higher trading values. However, from 2015 onwards, both the share price and volumes

traded declined, with just $2 million of shares changing hands in 2016 ($3 million in 2017).

Figure 4: LIC Investment Value and Volume Traded Over Last 10 Years


Source: IRESS, Northington Partners.

0

50

100

150

200

250

Jan-13Jul-13Jan-14Jul-14Jan-15Jul-15Jan-16Jul-16Jan-17Jul-17Jan-18

Index (base:100)

LICNZX50 Gross Index

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

$0m

$2m

$4m

$6m

$8m

$10m

2017201620152014201320122011201020092008

Value of Shares Traded ($m)

Volume as % of Outstanding Shares

Value TradedVolume Traded as a % of Outstanding Shares


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 12

Profile of LIC

LIC is now one of the most illiquid shares listed on the NZX. Figure 5 compares the average daily

volume traded over the last 12 months as a percentage of the free float for LIC’s Investment Shares,

compared with other NZX-listed companies with a free float market capitalisation between $20 million

and $500 million. On this basis, LIC is the second most illiquid stock amongst its peers, with just 0.01%

of its free float traded each day. Only South Port NZ Limited, which is majority owned and controlled by

the Southland Regional Council, is less liquid than LIC. For a company of LIC’s size, we would

ordinarily expect trading volumes to be significantly higher.

Figure 5: Average Daily Volume Traded Relative to Free Float for NZX-listed Shares with a Market

Capitalisation between $20 and $500 million


Source: IRESS, Capital IQ, Northington Partners. Based on the 12 months of trading to 10 January 2018.

While there is a positive relationship between market capitalisation and liquidity, Figure 5 indicates that

there is significant variability in liquidity for similarly sized companies based on their individual

characteristics. For LIC, we suggest that the low level of liquidity is directly attributable to the share

ownership restrictions which require that shareholders must be a customer and that no shareholder can

own more than 5% of the Investment Shares on issue. These effects are further exacerbated by the

fact that 36% of the LIC shareholders do not own any Investment Shares, and possibly reflect the lack

of market research coverage for LIC and the recent poor share price performance.

2.5. Summary Financial Results

2.5.1. Financial Performance

A summary of LIC’s financial performance over the last five years is set out in Table 3 below.

Table 3: Historical Financial Performance

Year Ended 31 May (NZ$ millions) FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

NZ Genetics 82.2 86.3 90.8 82.6 81.4

Herd Testing 25.2 29.2 28.4 22.1 24.6

Farm Software 42.9 36.2 39.2 40.2 41.2

Farm Automation 12.0 16.5 20.2 17.1 14.3

Other Revenue

1

37.2 43.4 53.9 48.8 42.0

Total Revenue 199.5 211.5 232.5 210.7 203.5

Cost of sales (29.2) (30.9) (39.8) (37.5) (28.4)

Gross Profit 170.3 180.6 192.7 173.3 175.1

Staff expenses (83.0) (89.6) (93.6) (93.0) (89.4)

Other expenses (46.3) (48.6) (59.9) (53.6) (49.6)

0.00%

0.05%

0.10%

0.15%

0.20%

0.25%

0.30%

0.35%

0.40%

0.45%

$0m$100m$200m$300m$400m$500m

Daily Volume as % of Free Float Shares

Free Float Market Capitalisation

LIC


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 13

Profile of LIC

Operating earnings before depreciation and

amortisation, finance costs, tax and fair value

adjustments (“EBITDA”)

41.0 42.4 39.2 26.7 36.2

Depreciation (7.3) (8.6) (9.9) (11.0) (9.6)

Amortisation (6.4) (8.5) (11.2) (13.6) (18.5)

Operating earnings before finance costs, tax

and fair value adjustments (“EBIT”)

27.3 25.3 18.1 2.1 8.1

Net finance expense 1.2 0.6 (0.7) (0.9) (2.2)

Tax expense (7.5) (7.3) (6.5) (1.5) (2.8)

Underlying profit after tax 20.9 18.6 11.0 (0.3) 3.0

Post-tax fair value adjustments 2.7 (0.6) 2.7 (3.7) 17.8

Reported profit after tax 23.7 18.0 13.7 (4.0) 20.8

Underlying earnings per Investment Share (cents) 70.9 63.0 37.1 -1.0 10.3

Dividend per Investment Share (cents) 54.9 35.9 20.3 0.0 6.4


Normalisations

EBIT 27.3 25.3 18.1 2.1 8.1

(Gain) / loss on sale of fixed assets 0.2 0.1 1.4 (0.3) (1.1)

Project Pace costs - - - - 1.6

Other one-off costs - - 0.6 3.1 3.1

Normalised EBIT 27.5 25.4 20.1 4.9 11.7

Sources: LIC Annual Reports and Management. Totals may not sum due to rounding.

1

Includes international operations, support services, research & development, diagnostics, animal health, and other services.

The main features of LIC’s historical financial performance can be summarised as follows:

▪ LIC’s revenue has generally moved in line with the performance of the dairy sector, having

increased to a peak in FY15 and then declining in the subsequent two years. Dairy prices fell

significantly over the 2014/15 season, which affected demand for services in FY16. Genetics

revenue fell as farmers substituted to lower cost breeding products, while also reducing their

frequency of herd testing. Software revenues remained stable as these are typically levied on a

herd size basis, while automation revenue fell as fewer farmers chose to install new systems.

▪ Gross margin has remained relatively stable over the five-year period at between 82% and

86%, with gross profit moving in line with revenue.

▪ EBITDA remained relatively steady between FY13 and FY15 despite increasing revenues, due

to an increased overhead base. The reduction in revenue in FY16 translated into reduced

earnings; this reduction was greater at the EBIT level, with increased levels of depreciation and

amortisation.

▪ LIC’s depreciation and amortisation expenses have increased substantially over the period due

to significant capital expenditure on plant and equipment and intangible software. Capital

expenditure has typically been significantly higher than depreciation and amortisation (as

illustrated in Table 5) as LIC has invested in its software platform and technology offering.

While capital expenditure reduced significantly in FY17, future capital expenditure levels are

expected to be more in line with depreciation and amortisation expenses.

▪ Also contributing to the weak results in FY16 and FY17’s were one-off expenses as

summarised in the normalisation adjustments. One-off costs in FY16 primarily relate to

restructure redundancies in the NZ Markets operations. FY17 one-off costs largely consist of

fees relating to Project Pace (see section 2.6) and capital structure changes.

▪ The net finance expense includes the preferred dividend paid to Co-operative Shareholders

during the year (i.e. relating to the previous year), which was nil for FY17 and between $0.5

million and $0.6 million for FY13 to FY16.

▪ Fair value adjustments relate to non-cash changes in the value of LIC’s bull team, as

determined annually via a discounted cash flow approach. The value of the team is tied to the

performance of the NZ dairy industry and fluctuates accordingly.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 14

Profile of LIC

LIC reported a much-improved trading result for the first half of FY18, with EBIT of $43.2 million (before

one-off costs of $20.7 million), 52% higher than the same period last year. However, due to the high

seasonality of its business, LIC’s interim results include the majority of the financial year’s revenue but

not a proportionate share of costs, and thus are not indicative of its full year result. The Company has

provided guidance that it expects its underlying profit after tax to be similar to FY17’s $3 million

(including one-off costs of Project Pace). Once the benefits of Project Pace are realised and with no

further one-off costs being incurred, LIC expects FY19 underlying earnings to be between $18 - $26

million, assuming no significant climate events or Milk Price declines.

2.5.2. Financial Position

A summary of LIC’s financial position for the five years to the end of FY17 is set out in Table 4, along

with the interim position as at the end of November 2017.

Table 4: Historical Financial Position

As at 31 May (NZ$ millions) FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

30 Nov

2017

Assets


Cash & cash equivalents 19.7 15.5 2.5 2.7 3.5 7.6

Trade and other receivables 36.8 37.3 34.4 41.2 47.5 79.5

Inventories 9.0 10.8 13.2 14.6 12.0 11.7

Fixed assets 71.1 77.0 88.2 92.3 78.4 69.3

Biological assets 92.2 91.4 95.1 89.9 115.3 114.3

Intangible assets 35.8 50.1 65.4 79.7 73.1 74.8

Other Assets 10.9 1.7 2.8 3.3 5.2 13.5

Assets held for sale - - - - 6.5 -

Total Assets 275.5 283.8 301.5 323.7 341.5 370.7

Liabilities

Trade and other payables 21.3 23.8 23.4 22.8 22.1 21.8

Provisions 8.9 9.4 10.3 9.1 8.3 14.6

Borrowings - - 10.4 42.8 32.1 39.2

Co-operative control shares 5.4 6.3 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.3

Other liabilities 31.0 30.8 32.2 31.2 39.3 39.9

Total Liabilities 66.6 70.4 82.7 112.7 108.1 121.7


Net Assets 208.9 213.4 218.8 211.0 233.4 248.9



Sources: LIC Annual Reports and Management. Totals may not sum due to rounding.

In relation to LIC’s financial position, we note that:

▪ Both fixed and intangible assets have increased significantly over the last five years following

LIC’s investment into its software platform and automation offerings. Correspondingly, LIC’s

borrowings have increased to fund this expenditure.

▪ Biological assets reflect the value of LIC’s bull team, which moves in line with market factors.

▪ LIC typically has a higher debt balance at November, as it is financing a significant amount of

trade receivables from customers. The Company has reduced its borrowings significantly over

FY18, with the sale of its deer improvement business and the Riverlea Road depot adding to

the improved financial position. The net debt position (being borrowings less cash) has reduced

to $31.6 million at November 2017, down from $46.8 million as at November 2016.





Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 15

Profile of LIC

2.5.3. Cash Flow

Table 5 summarises of LIC’s cash flow movements over the last five years.

Table 5: Historical Cash Flow Statement

Year Ended 31 May (NZ$ millions) FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17

Receipts from customers 189.7 209.9 231.7 201.4 205.2

Payments to suppliers and employees (159.5) (168.3) (192.1) (184.0) (177.1)

Other operating cash flows (4.5) (4.5) (4.9) (3.0) (2.7)

Cash flow from operating activities 25.8 37.0 34.8 14.4 25.4


Acquisition of intangibles (13.2) (22.8) (26.6) (21.5) (11.9)

Acquisition of fixed assets (10.8) (11.8) (19.1) (12.7) (4.2)

Other investing cash flows 13.5 9.2 (1.3) (6.0) 2.8

Cash flow from investing activities (10.5) (25.4) (47.0) (40.2) (13.3)


Net Co-op Shares paid up / (repurchased) 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.3 (0.6)

Dividends paid on Investment Shares (11.6) (16.2) (10.6) (6.0) -

Preferred dividends paid on Co-op Shares (0.5) (0.5) (0.6) (0.6) -

Increase / (decrease) in borrowings - - 10.4 32.4 (10.5)

Cash flow from financing activities (11.7) (15.9) (0.6) 26.1 (11.1)


Net change in cash before exchange rate effect 3.6 (4.2) (12.9) 0.3 1.0


Sources: LIC Annual Reports and Management. Totals may not sum due to rounding.

The main features of LIC’s historical cash flows can be summarised as follows:

▪ Over the last five years, LIC has invested an average of $30.9 million in capital expenditure

across its intangible (software) and physical fixed assets. This is in addition to an average

annual outlay of $15.1 million in research and development expenses over the same period,

which is captured in operating expenses.

▪ Acquisition of intangibles mainly reflects the capitalisation of development wages and

expenses. Acquisition of fixed assets relate primarily to upgrades and purchases of buildings,

plant and equipment and vehicles.

▪ Positive investing cash flows in FY13 and FY14 reflect realisations from term investments.

▪ Dividends paid on Investment and Co-operative Control Shares reflect the prior year’s declared

payment. This has averaged $8.9 million over the last 5 years for Investment Shares and $0.4

million for Co-operative Control Shares.

2.6. Outlook

2.6.1. Project Pace

In 2016, LIC started Project Pace, a broad transformation programme intending to deliver various cost

savings and revenue increases over both the short and long term. The programme is administered with

the help of external consultants and consists of a large number of individual initiatives. We note the

following features of Project Pace:

▪ As a broad programme it impacts all aspects of LIC’s business. Initiatives range from reducing

fuel consumption through route optimisation for on-farm staff to improved pricing strategies

emphasising LIC’s value-add capabilities.

▪ The one-off costs from Project Pace (aside from external fees) are expected to be

approximately equal to one-off benefits, which should mitigate its impact on reported financial

performance in the short term.

▪ We understand that the majority of Project Pace initiatives to date have been successful, and

this should result in targeted recurring financial benefits in FY18 (and beyond) being achieved.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 16

Profile of LIC

2.6.2. Key determinants of LIC’s future performance

As signalled through the proposed capital structure change and growth initiatives, LIC has an ambitious

strategy to drive an increase in its scope, size and profitability. In our view, the key drivers of its future

performance include:

▪ Milk Prices: Demand for LIC’s products are directly influenced by the Fonterra Milk Price. We

note that while Fonterra lowered its 2017/18 forecast payout by 35 cents to $6.40 in December

2017, that outcome would still represent one of the best results achieved since Fonterra’s

inception. The potential payout beyond the current season cannot be accurately predicted, but

we suggest that the historical level of volatility should be expected to continue.

▪ Cow Population: While the number of dairy cows have been increasing over the last 15 years, it

is now expected to stabilise. This outcome will clearly limit the growth potential for LICs

traditional products in the domestic market.

▪ Project Pace: While the results to date have been promising, there is still uncertainty around the

success of its long-term profitability initiatives.

▪ Automation Business: LIC has invested significantly in its automation business, which has not

seen the anticipated uptake over the 2016 and 2017 seasons. That performance may improve

with the recent increase in dairy prices, particularly if the higher prices can be sustained beyond

the current season.

▪ Overseas Sales: LIC sees an opportunity to considerably increase sales of its software and

hardware internationally. If successful, this offshore expansion would materially diversify LIC’s

performance with respect to the local Milk Price.



Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 17

Valuation of LIC

3.0 Valuation of LIC

3.1. Valuation Methodology

For most assets, value should be determined as a function of the estimated level of cash returns that

the assets are expected to generate in the future. The specific approach that is used to estimate this

value is dependent on the nature of the asset and the expectations regarding future performance. The

two main approaches usually adopted in the valuation of larger assets and companies are summarised

as follows:

▪ Earnings Multiple: This method determines value by applying a valuation multiple to the

assessed level of maintainable annual earnings (or cash flows), where the multiple is chosen to

reflect the risk associated with the future performance of the asset. Depending on the nature of

the business, earnings can be appropriately measured at the EBITDA, EBITA, EBIT, or NPAT

levels.

▪ Discounted Cash Flows (“DCF”): A DCF approach is based on an explicit forecast of the annual

cash flows that will be generated over a specified forecast period (typically between 5 and 10

years). The value of cash flows that may occur after the end of the explicit forecast period is

incorporated into the valuation process by capitalising an estimate of maintainable cash flows for

the terminal period. A DCF model is therefore usually made up of two components:

(i) The present value of the projected cash flows during the forecast period; and

(ii) The present value of all other cash flows projected to occur after the explicit forecast

period. This component is commonly referred to as the terminal value.

Each approach has some advantages and disadvantages, and the most appropriate choice is

dependent on the characteristics of the business under consideration and the quality of the market data

that is available. The key advantage of the earnings multiple approach is its simplicity. Value can be

determined on the basis of the actual earnings results for the most recent financial reporting period or

the equivalent projection for next year. Companies with well-established operations should be in a

position to supply reasonably reliable earnings projections for the next one or two years, and the

valuation model is therefore only reliant on an independent assessment of the appropriate earnings

multiple. Estimates of an appropriate multiple are typically based on data derived from other

companies that are considered to be comparable to the target company in relation to growth prospects,

capital expenditure requirements, and risk profiles.

Unfortunately, it is extremely rare that the company will have any close comparables with respect to all

of these important characteristics. In many cases, even earnings multiples extracted from a set of

businesses within exactly the same industry will have a wide range of values that reflect company

specific factors rather than the underlying risk level of the industry itself. It then becomes a matter of

judgement to make a series of adjustments to the implied multiples to properly account for the

differences between the companies. These adjustments are often arbitrary and very difficult to

benchmark.

In the majority of cases, the earnings multiple approach is therefore most suited to businesses with a

relatively stable earnings outlook (in the long-run, allowing for short-term variability). For companies

with these characteristics, the multiples derived from market data are more likely to accurately reflect

the market’s perception of the underlying quality of the projected earnings stream.

The DCF approach can provide a better valuation treatment for companies with high future growth

prospects and high capital expenditure requirements. Because each of these factors can be explicitly

incorporated into the valuation process, the DCF model directly accounts for many important value

drivers of the business under consideration. Accessing the necessary data for a DCF model can

however be problematic, especially when there is no credible process by which to construct the future

forecasts of free cash flows. The discounting process is also reliant on an estimate for the required rate

of return. Because this parameter is not directly observable and must be derived from data collected

from other comparable companies, the DCF value is also reliant on the existence of other companies

that have the same risk profile.



Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 18

Valuation of LIC

3.2. Preferred Valuation Approach for LIC

We believe that the earnings multiple framework is most appropriate for the LIC valuation assessment.

This view reflects the following:

▪ While LIC is projecting substantial earnings growth in the short to medium term, we believe that

it is too early to explicitly forecast future earnings with the required level of confidence. As set

out in Section 2.6, LIC has started to implement a comprehensive range of growth initiatives that

have the potential to materially improve the profitability of the core business streams, as well as

develop and grow new opportunities. The initial progress is encouraging, but there is some way

to go before the projected earnings growth could be reasonably incorporated into a DCF model;

▪ On that basis, we suggest that an earnings multiple approach is best. Notwithstanding the short-

term variability in earnings that is driven by annual fluctuations in the Milk Price, we believe that

LIC’s core operations are relatively stable in the long-run.

We have adopted EBIT as the appropriate earnings measure for the LIC valuation assessment. This

reflects that EBIT is a better proxy for free cash flows for businesses such as LIC which have significant

on-going capital investment requirements for software, research and development and product

development. In these circumstances, EBIT is more appropriate than EBITDA because EBIT accounts

for the high capital expenditure requirements through the depreciation and amortisation charge

(whereby historical capital expenditure is effectively smoothed-out over time).

Our valuation approach for LIC is summarised in Table 6 below, and includes some adjustments which

are needed to reflect LIC’s unique investment circumstances.

Table 6: General Framework for Assessing LIC’s Equity Value

Step Comment

Standalone Enterprise Value

(“EV”)

Represents the aggregate value of the operating assets of the

business. Estimated utilising an Earnings Multiple framework of

forecast EBIT and an appropriate earnings multiple (see Section

3.3.3).

Plus Surplus Assets (if any) The value of assets that are not required to support the on-going

operation of the business and which can therefore be sold.

Less Net Debt An assessment of average net debt over the forecast period

allowing for the seasonality in LIC’s cash flows (see Section

3.3.4).

Equals Total Equity Value The aggregate value of equity held by all LIC shareholders,

including both Investment Shareholders and Co-operative Control

Shareholders.

Less Aggregate Co-operative Control

Share Value

The nominal value of the Co-operative Control Shares as detailed

in Section 3.3.4.

Equals Gross Investment Share Value Gross aggregate value of LIC Investment shares prior to any

discount for their ownership and control restrictions and limited

liquidity.

Less Discount for Reduced

Marketability and Control

Represents the assessed discount for the Investment Shares

from lack of marketability, voting rights and control currently

afforded to the Investment Shares.

Equals Market Value of Investment

Shares

The assessed market value of the Investment Shares as detailed

in Section 3.4.

Source: Northington Partners.




Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 19

Valuation of LIC

3.3. Earnings Multiple Valuation

3.3.1. Overview

Our Earnings Multiple valuation framework for LIC is based on both historical results and forecasts

provided by LIC, with a range of modifications to reflect our assessment of LIC’s maintainable earnings

through the Milk Price commodity cycle. This largely reflects judgement around LIC’s earnings potential

based on average nominal long-run milk prices, and therefore represents our view of “mid-cycle”

earnings.

3.3.2. Maintainable Earnings

As detailed in Section 2.5, LIC’s earnings have demonstrated a high degree of variability and strong

correlation with the commodity milk price. LIC’s historical performance has also been impacted by a

number of non-recurring items including restructuring costs and gains and losses from the sale of

assets. We have therefore estimated a maintainable EBIT level which reflects the level of earnings LIC

would maintain on average through the milk commodity price cycle and excluding non-recurring items.

We refer to this earnings benchmark as “Mid-Cycle EBIT”, being the expected level of normalised EBIT

in an average but not exceptional (favourable or unfavourable) Milk Price environment.

Figure 6 summarises LIC’s historical and forecast EBIT after normalisation adjustments for non-

recurring items, along with our assessment of mid-cycle EBIT relative to Fonterra’s Milk Price payout.

This covers the 10-year historical period to FY17 and includes the forecast earnings for FY18.

Figure 6: LIC’s Normalised EBIT and Assessed Mid-Cycle EBIT


Source: Northington Partners. Fonterra FY18 Milk Price based on forecast farmgate milk price of $6.40 as of its forecast update

dated 7 December 2017 (excluding dividends).

Figure 6 demonstrates:

▪ Over the 10 year period to FY17, Fonterra’s Milk Price has averaged just over $6.00 per kgMS,

fluctuating between a low of $3.90 per kgMS in the 2015/2016 season and a high of $8.40 per

kgMS in the 2013/2014 season.

▪ As at the date of this report, Fonterra’s forecast payout for the 2017/2018 season is $6.40 per

kgMS, revised down from its previous $6.75 per kgMS forecast in July 2017 (reaffirmed in

September 2017). We note that many of LIC’s customers may have been making their artificial

breeding and herd testing decisions for the 2017/2018 dairy season around the time of higher

Milk Price expectations.

▪ LIC’s 10 year average normalised EBIT to FY17 was approximately $18.7 million, but with

considerable variability through the commodity milk price cycle; normalised earnings has ranged

between $27.5 million in FY13 to $4.9 million in FY16.

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

$7.00

$8.00

$9.00

$0

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

FY08FY09FY10FY11FY12FY13FY14FY15FY16FY17FY18

Milk Price

EBIT ($m)

Financial Year

Normalised EBITAssessed Mid-Cycle EBITFonterra milk price (RHS)


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 20

Valuation of LIC

▪ Allowing for the milk price commodity cycle, our assessed Mid-Cycle EBIT has grown modestly

to approximately $23 million in FY17. This contrasts with LIC’s forecast of normalised EBIT for

FY18 of approximately $30 million.

Based on our analysis, we believe that FY18 performance will largely reflect an above average milk

payout. Therefore, LIC’s FY18 forecast financial performance should reflect better than Mid-Cycle

EBIT. However, as summarised in Section 2.6, LIC has also recently undertaken a range of initiatives

under Project Pace to reduce costs and improve revenue. LIC’s historical performance does not reflect

these initiatives which should, all else equal, improve LIC’s overall profitability. Taking this into account,

we have adopted a Mid-Cycle EBIT of $26 - $28 million, relative to LIC’s current forecast EBIT of $30

million. We believe that this earnings range is consistent with the following observations:

▪ LIC’s performance for the first six months of FY18 demonstrated improved underlying

profitability as initiatives from Project Pace have been realised;

▪ However, some risk remains for achieving full year FY18 forecasts; and

▪ The current Fonterra Milk Price forecast of $6.40 is higher than our assessed mid-cycle level.

3.3.3. Earnings Multiple

An appropriate valuation multiple range can potentially be derived from a number of sources:

▪ Implied multiples from recent transactions involving similar target companies; and

▪ Publicly traded companies that are considered to be comparable to the subject company.

In deriving an appropriate valuation multiple for LIC, we have considered the observed trading multiples

for a wide range of listed and potentially comparable New Zealand and international businesses.

However, we note that LIC operates in a very specialised market and has no directly comparable

company that operates in the same markets with the same business drivers and risk profile.

Unfortunately, other genetics suppliers that are more comparable to LIC are often privately or co-

operatively owned, and do not therefore provide any useful valuation benchmarks. We have therefore

focussed on the trading multiples of New Zealand agri-service businesses.

We have also only focused on comparable company trading multiples, with no reliance on implied

multiples from recent transaction evidence. This not only reflects the fact that there is a dearth of useful

transaction evidence available, it also reflects the valuation context appropriate for the LIC assessment.

While we believe that transaction multiples provide the best evidence for control transactions (such as

full takeover offers), the key purpose of this valuation is to determine the value for a minority parcel of

Investment Shares in LIC. Observed trading multiples exclude any control premiums evident in

transaction multiples and are therefore can be directly applied to the valuation of a non-controlling

position in LIC.

A summary of the benchmarked listed comparable companies is presented in Figure 7 below, with

additional detail provided in Appendix 1.

Figure 7: Comparable Company EV / EBIT Multiples


Source: Capital IQ as at 18 January 2018.

6x8x10x12x14x16x18x20x

International

New Zealand

EV / EBIT Mutiples

Low

Median

13.4x

High

14.6x

Low

12.6x

Median

14.8x

High

31.5x


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 21

Valuation of LIC

In the absence of any directly comparable companies to LIC, we suggest that the PGG Wrightson

(EBIT multiple of 10.2x) evidence is the most relevant to LIC. This reflects that:

▪ PGG Wrightson has a similar profile and operating environment to LIC, with the majority of its

earnings generated from the sale of agriculture related goods and services in New Zealand; and

▪ The profitability for both LIC and PGG Wrightson is strongly correlated with the payout for New

Zealand dairy farmers, with both businesses providing a significant level of discretionary goods

and services to the dairy sector.

After considering the key similarities and differences between LIC and the comparable set of listed

entities, we have adopted a EBIT multiple range of 7.0 – 8.0x for LIC. This reflects a discount to its

peers and PGG Wrightson to account for the following factors:

▪ Because PGG Wrightson has exposure to the sheep and beef, horticulture, real estate and

seeds sectors, it has a higher degree of diversification with less observed earnings volatility than

LIC;

▪ LIC is significantly smaller than the comparable companies and the chosen multiple range

should therefore incorporate a discount for size;

▪ LIC is more capital intensive with significant annual capital expenditure required to support its

business operations, even after allowing for expected reductions in capital expenditure to levels

consistent with current depreciation and amortisation expenses (particularly when compared to

PGG Wrightson); and

▪ Uncertainty remains in relation to achieving the targeted level of earnings improvements which

have been incorporated into LIC’s forecast Mid-Cycle EBIT as a result of the recent strategic

initiatives.

In addition to comparable companies, LIC’s own traded earnings multiple provides a potentially useful

benchmark. Figure 8 below illustrates the ratio of LIC’s EV to the 12 month forward forecast EBIT for

the period from December 2007 until January 2018. We note that as no analyst forecasts are available

for LIC, we have retrospectively applied LIC’s actual EBIT results for the forecast period (and LIC’s

forecast FY18 EBIT) in order to derive a forecast EBIT multiple (e.g. the EV / EBIT multiple in May 2009

reflects LIC’s actual EBIT for the 12 months to May 2010). In order to remove the significant volatility in

the observed multiples, we have also presented the EV / EBIT multiple based on our assessed Mid-

Cycle EBIT (as summarised in Figure 8).

Figure 8: LIC EV / EBIT Multiple


Source: Capital IQ, Northington Partners. “NTM” represents next 12 months based on actual LIC normalised EBIT for the period to

FY17 and LIC forecasts for FY18. NTM Mid-Cycle EBIT based on Northington Partners’ estimates. EV is equal to LIC’s market

capitalisation at the time plus the most recently reported value of net debt, equity minority interests and the book value of the Co-

operative Control Shares.


0.0x

2.0x

4.0x

6.0x

8.0x

10.0x

12.0x

14.0x

16.0x

EBIT Multiple

EV/NTM EBITEV/NTM Mid-Cycle EBIT


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 22

Valuation of LIC

Figure 8 demonstrates:

▪ LIC’s observed EV / EBIT multiple has fluctuated significantly, with a range between 1.4x –

39.5x EBIT;

▪ Smoothing the significant EBIT volatility by using Mid-Cycle EBIT shows that LIC has generally

traded between 4.0x – 8.0x EBIT; and

▪ LIC is currently trading at approximately 3.3x FY18 forecast EBIT of $30 million (based on

assumed net debt of $25 million).

While these observed multiples for LIC provide a useful cross-check, we do not believe that this

evidence is directly applicable to our valuation assessment. As summarised in Section 2.4, the LIC

Investment Shares are extremely illiquid. When this trading illiquidity is considered together with the

share ownership restrictions and nature of the shareholder base, we suggest that the observed market

prices are unlikely to provide a reliable assessment of the underlying value of the business.

Taking all of the evidence into account, we conclude that a multiple range of 7.0x – 8.0x Mid-Cycle

EBIT is appropriate for our valuation assessment of LIC.

3.3.4. Valuation Range for Investment Shares

Based on the assumptions outlined above, we have assessed an enterprise valuation range of $182 to

$224 million for LIC. This is summarised in Table 7.

Table 7: Enterprise Value Assessment

$m (unless otherwise stated) Low High

Assessed Maintainable Mid-Cycle EBIT $26.0 $28.0

multiplied by Assessed EBIT Multiple 7.0x 8.0x

Enterprise Value $182.0 $224.0


The EV represents the value of future cash flows available to all forms of capital providers – both debt

and equity capital. In order to assess the aggregate equity value for LIC and the relative value of the

Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares, the assessed EV must be adjusted for net

debt and any potential surplus assets.

Surplus Assets

LIC owns a number of investments which are not part of its core business but provide a range of

potential strategic benefits or are held to meet ownership obligations of other co-operatives. The largest

investment includes National Milk Records PLC (“NMR”), a United Kingdom based milk recording

services and laboratory testing business. LIC acquired its initial investment in NMR in 2008 before

increasing its shareholding in June 2017 to 17.2% through the purchase of additional GBP2.6 million

worth of shares. NMR trades on an unlicensed exchange with a current market capitalisation of

approximately GBP19 million, implying a market value for LIC’s investment of approximately GBP3.8

million. However, NMR’s shares are illiquid and a large parcel of shares would potentially be difficult to

sell.

LIC has a number of other investments including holdings in Figured (New Zealand based rural

accounting software), Agrigate (farm information joint venture with Fonterra) and small holdings in a

number of other New Zealand co-operative businesses including Fonterra, which are held due to LIC’s

dairy farming operations.

Collectively, the current market value of LIC’s total holdings is approximately $13.5 million, of which

NMR comprises over half. Having consideration to each of LIC’s investments, their relative liquidity and

short-term risks (e.g. NMR may be hard to dispose of and represents further currency risk), we have

valued LIC’s surplus investment assets at $10 - $13 million. These represent value over and above the

value of LIC’s operations derived above in Section 3.3.4.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 23

Valuation of LIC

Net Debt

Because LIC operates a highly seasonal business, the appropriate level of net debt for valuation

purposes should be based on the expected average level of net debt throughout the forecast financial

period. To illustrate LIC’s cash flow seasonality, we note that LIC’s opening and closing net debt for

FY17 was $40.1 and $28.6 million respectively, but peaked at over $75 million during the financial year.

After taking into account LIC’s actual monthly net debt position to December 2017 and the forecast net

debt for the remaining months of FY18, we have assumed an average net debt level of $25 million.

Co-operative Control Share Value

Given the nature of the Co-operative Control Shares, we have assessed a value of $1.00 per share.

This reflects the nominal value attributed to the shares, and the value which is currently used as the

basis for any purchases and redemptions required to meet the Share Standard.

As at 10 January 2017, LIC has 6,281,892 Co-operative Control Shares on issue with an assessed

aggregate value of $6.3 million.

Investment Share Value

After allowing for surplus investment assets, net debt and the value of Co-operative Control shares, we

derive a gross value for the Investment Shares of $160.7 million to $205.7 million. This assessment is

summarised in Table 8.

Table 8: Assessed Investment Share Value

$m (unless otherwise stated) Low High

Enterprise Value $182.0 $224.0

plus Surplus Assets $10.0 $13.0

less Net Debt ($25.0) ($25.0)

Total Fair Market Equity Value $167.0 $212.0

less Value of Co-operative Control Shares ($6.3) ($6.3)

Gross Investment Share Value $160.7 $205.7

We believe that this value should be discounted further to reflect a number of factors primarily relating

to the lack of marketability, voting rights and control currently afforded to the Investment Shares. All

else equal, these factors would lower the value of a security relative to the same security with no voting

or ownership restrictions in a liquid market. We summarise the factors which may impact on the

appropriate discount in Table 9.

Table 9: Factors Attributable to a Discount on Investment Share Value

Lack of Marketability Lack of Control

Description Represents the discount for transferability

restrictions which impacts on an

investment’s marketability and liquidity. It

essentially represents the opportunity cost

attributable to the reduced ability to exit an

investment in a timely fashion.

Represents the discount for voting control

and other ownership restrictions which

impacts on an investor’s ability to influence

key management and governance

decisions, including overall company

strategy as well as investment and

dividend policies.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 24

Valuation of LIC

LIC Factors

Attributing to

Discount

▪ Shareholders restricted to farmers using

qualifying products and services of LIC.

▪ The pool of potential buyers of

securities is significantly restricted to

only ~10,200 Co-operative Control

shareholders, many of whom may have

limited appetite for Investment Shares.

We note that only 61% of current

shareholders hold both classes of

shares.

▪ As demonstrated in Section 2.4, the

lack of marketability has resulted in LIC

being one of the most illiquid stocks on

the NZX. Market liquidity (the ability to

buy and sell securities easily) has a

significant bearing on price discovery

and market value.

▪ Investment Shareholders have no ability

to influence strategy and key investment

decisions of LIC.

▪ 5% constitutional cap of holdings in

Investment Shares.

Source: Northington Partners.

Taking all of these factors into account, we have applied a 30% discount to the gross value of the

Investment Shares in our assessment of the underlying market value. We believe that this level of

discount is supported by the following:

▪ Empirical studies of value discounts for lack of liquidity and marketability of equities (primarily in

the US). These studies have generally demonstrated discounts of between 20% – 35%

1

;

▪ Is consistent with the 20% – 30% discount applied by Fonterra for its fair value shares (the

“Restricted Share Value”) under Fonterra’s share standard between 2009 and 2012, prior to

implementation of “Trading Amongst Farmers”. Fonterra’s shares did not have voting restrictions

and given LIC’s size and services compared to Fonterra, we consider a discount at the upper

end of this range is appropriate; and

▪ The size of the discounts typically applied in other comparable valuation exercises in the New

Zealand market.

After applying a 30% discount to the gross value of the Investment Shares, we derive a market value of

the Investment shares of $3.81 to $4.88 as summarised in Table 10.

Table 10: LIC Valuation Summary

$m (unless otherwise stated) Low High

Gross Investment Share Value $160.7 $205.7

less 30% discount for Restricted Voting, Marketability & Liquidity ($48.2) ($61.7)

Aggregate Market Value of Investment Shares $112.5 $144.0

Investment Shares on Issue 29,528,590 29,528,590

Investment Shares - Market Value Per Share $3.81 $4.88

Source: Northington Partners analysis.

3.4. Valuation Conclusion

We have valued LIC’s total equity at $167 to $212 million. After allowing for the nominal value of the

Co-operative Control shares and an appropriate discount for the unique investment attributes of the

Investment Shares, we derive a market value for the Investment shares of $3.81 to $4.88, with a mid-

point of $4.34. This compares to the trading price of LIC shares of $2.25 as of 7 February 2018 and the


1

See for example The Discount for Lack of Marketability: Update on Current Studies and Analysis of Current

Controversies (2007), Reilly, R and Rotkowski, A.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 25

Valuation of LIC

proposed Exchange Ratio of 4.0 (equivalent to a relative value of $4.00 per current Investment Share)

as illustrated in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Summary Valuation Assessment


Source: Northington Partners. LIC share price as of 7 February 2018.

$2.25

$3.81

$4.88

$4.34

$4.00

$0.00

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00

$4.00

$5.00

$6.00

Current Share

Price

LowHighMid-PointProposed

Exchange Price


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 26

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

4.0 Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

4.1. Overview

The main benefit of the Proposal is that it will result in one class of shares that provide the same rights

and obligations to all shareholders. The current capital structure is not only complicated and potentially

distracting to LIC in meeting its strategic objectives, but it also gives rise to a potential conflict between

the Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares in terms of the future strategy and

management of the LIC business. The conflict is broadly between those shareholders more focused on

access to LIC’s goods and services through Co-operative Control Shares and those shareholders more

focussed on shareholder returns through their investment in Investment Shares. Co-operative Control

Shareholders control the voting rights but do not benefit from the economic value of LIC while

Investment Shareholders carry the economic rights to LIC’s profits and surplus assets but do not have

voting rights or the ability to influence key decisions of the Company.

Simplification to a single share class will clearly eliminate this conflict and we believe this outcome is in

the best interests of all shareholders while better supporting LIC’s strategy. In our view, the status quo

arrangements pose a serious impediment to meeting the objectives of the business and the tension

between the two classes of shares could worsen if the divergence in ownership between the two share

classes grows. Resolving the conflict now ensures all shareholders benefit if LIC is successful in

executing its recent strategic initiatives and all shareholders have a say in the future direction of LIC

based on their overall investment in LIC (total Ordinary Shares and not just Co-operative Control

Shares).

However, the implementation of the Proposal is unavoidably complicated in order to deliver an

equitable outcome and the consequences of the process will not be the same for all shareholders. This

reflects the fact that the ratio of Investment Shares held for each Co-operative Control Share owned

varies considerably across the shareholder base. As set out in Section 2.3, there are a large number of

shareholders who do not own any Investment Shares, while conversely there is also a material number

of shareholders who are significantly “overweight” in Investment Shares.

Table 11 outlines the impact of the Proposal on the relative voting rights, required LIC investment and

Qualifying Expenditure requirements for three different shareholding scenarios. In each case, we

assume the shareholder owns the median Co-operative Control Shareholding of 500 shares, but the

scenarios differ by the assumed number of Investment Shares that are also owned. With reference to

the discussion in Section 2.3, our hypothetical scenarios consist of shareholders who:

i. Only hold Co-operative Control Shares and are therefore under-weight in Investment Shares

compared to the average Share Ownership Ratio of 18%/82%.

ii. Hold Co-operative Control Shares (500) and Investment Shares (2,350) in line with the

average ratio of 18%/82%.

iii. Is overweight in Investment Shares compared to the average ratio of 18%/82%. In this

particular case, we assume a Share Ownership Ratio of 5%/95%.



Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 27

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

Table 11: Impact of the Proposal for Varying Levels of Investment Share Ownership


No Investment

Shares

Balanced

Shareholding

(18%/82% Share

Ownership Ratio)

Overweight

Investment Shares

(5%/95% Share

Ownership Ratio)

Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post

Co-operative Control Shares Held 500 500 500

Investment Shares Held 0 2,350 9,500

Total Shares 500 2,850 10,000


Fully Paid Ordinary Shares 500 9,900 38,500

Nil Paid Ordinary Shares 1,500 1,500 1,500

Total Ordinary Shares


2,000 11,400 40,000





Voting Rights (% of Total) 0.008% 0.001% 0.008% 0.008% 0.008% 0.028%

Share of Dividends (% of Total) 0.000% 0.001% 0.008% 0.008% 0.032% 0.028%

Implied Investment in LIC

1

$500 $2,000 $9,900 $11,400 $38,500 $40,000

Permitted Qualifying Expenditure from

Shareholding

$12,500 $12,500 $12,500 $75,000 $12,500 $250,000

Source: LIC, Northington Partners


1

Based on the $1.00 nominal value for Ordinary Shares post-simplification (including the full value of Nil Paid Shares) and an

Exchange Ratio of 4.0 Ordinary Shares for every Co-operative Control Share and Investment Share. Investment Shares are also

included at a value of $4.00 per share.

When comparing the current position of each hypothetical shareholder with their respective positions

following the completion of the Proposal, we note the following:

▪ The position of the Balanced Shareholder is effectively unchanged in terms of their control

position and relative dividend allocation, while the implied total investment in LIC increases by

$1,500. This increase reflects the additional 3.0 nil paid Ordinary Shares that will be issued for

every Co-operative Control Share currently held, valued at the nominal value of $1.00 per

share. While these shares are nil paid when initially issued, the shareholder has the obligation

to pay the $1.00 subscription price via future dividend entitlements and is therefore effectively

committed to the additional investment in LIC.

▪ There are three main impacts for the shareholder with no Investment Shares:

o The relative control position reduces substantially, from 0.008% of the total votes to

0.001%. While this represents a material change, we note that the effective change

at an individual shareholder level is limited because the shareholder already has

limited control or influence over the Company.

o The nil paid Ordinary Shares issued in exchange for the Co-operative Control Shares

provide the right to a dividend payment; and

o The required nominal investment in LIC increases from $500 to $2,000. The increase

reflects the 1,500 nil paid Ordinary Shares which will be paid for through time using

the dividend stream from all Ordinary Shares required to meet the Share Standard

(i.e. both the 500 fully paid and 1,500 Nil Paid Shares in the example). No up-front

cash payment is required.

▪ For the hypothetical shareholder who is overweight in Investment Shares, the impact is largely

opposite to that for the shareholder with no Investment Shares. The conversion to Ordinary

Shares increases their control position and reduces the relative share of dividends. As with the

other two scenarios, the required investment in LIC for this shareholder increases by $1,500 in

relation to the Nil Paid Shares, but this represents a relatively small percentage increase (4%)

compared to the existing investment.

This analysis shows that the impact of the Proposal differs from shareholder to shareholder. The

impacts on relative control, dividend allocation and required investment in LIC are relatively limited for

those shareholders who hold Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares in line with the


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 28

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

18%/82% Share Ownership Ratio. The consequences for the more “un-balanced” shareholders are

more pronounced, whereby those that are underweight (overweight) in Investment Shares are

effectively giving up voting rights (rights to dividends) for the right to receive dividends (voting rights).

Shareholders who are underweight in Investment Shares will also be required to materially increase

their total investment in LIC over time, although the increase is effectively self-funded from dividends

and requires no further cash payment now.

We are not in a position to assess how these changes will be interpreted by each shareholder; it is not

possible to contemplate all shareholders’ personal circumstances or investment objectives and our

assessment is therefore general in nature. The appropriate course of action for each shareholder is

dependent on their own unique situation. However, we note that even if a particular group of

shareholders perceive that some of the impacts of the Proposal are negative from their point of view,

we believe that the overall impact will be positive for the Company and its shareholder base as a whole.

4.2. Relative Value Attributed to Investment Shares

The proposed share reclassification process accounts for the fact that the underlying value of the

Investment Shares is higher than that for the Co-operative Control Shares. Considering a range of

factors, including independent valuation advice, with respect to the relative values between the existing

two share classes, the LIC Board has resolved to reclassify each Investment Share into 4.0 Ordinary

Shares.

As set out in Section 3.0, we have assessed the value of the Investment Shares in a range between

$3.81 and $4.88 per share, with a mid-point of $4.34 per share. Given that the redemption value of the

Co-operative Control Shares is fixed at $1.00 per share, we suggest that the “fair” Exchange Ratio

between Investment Shares and Ordinary Shares is between 3.81x and 4.88x and we therefore

conclude that the proposed Exchange Ratio of 4.0x is fair to all shareholders. The chosen ratio is

slightly lower than our mid-point valuation, but sits comfortably within our assessed range.

4.3. Impact on Control Position of the Company

Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the Company are attached to the Co-

operative Control Shares. If the Proposal is approved, all of the Ordinary Shares will have voting rights

and this change will have an impact on the overall control position of the Company, both at an

aggregate level and potentially for each individual shareholder (as already discussed above in Section

4.1).

Figure 10 illustrates the distribution of voting rights across the LIC shareholder base before and after

the Proposal. It shows the aggregate impact for groups of 1,000 shareholders, where the groups are

formed based on the number of Co-operative Control Shares owned by each shareholder. Group 1

consists of the 1,000 largest Co-operative Control Shareholders, the next 1,000 largest shareholders

are in Group 2, and so on.


Figure 10: Change in Overall Control Position from the Proposal


Source: LIC, Northington Partners.

29%

17%

13%

10%

9%

7%

6%

5%

3%

2%

0%

20%

13%

13%

12%

10%

8%

9%

6%

5%

3%

2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

0-1,000 - 2,000- 3,000- 4,000- 5,000- 6,000- 7,000- 8,000- 9,000- 10,000- 10,212

Voting Rights

All LIC Shareholders Ordered by Size of Co-operative Control Shareholding

Current PositionPost-Simplification


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 29

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

The overall outcome is most pronounced for the groups that are significantly overweight or underweight

in terms of their relative holding in Investment Shares.

▪ As set out in Section 2.3, there are approximately 3,800 shareholders that do not hold any

Investment Shares. In aggregate, these shareholders currently hold about 40% of the voting

rights in LIC (via their collective holdings of Co-operative Control Shares) but that position will

reduce to 7% following implementation of the Proposal.

▪ Conversely, the 3,300 shareholders that are overweight in Investment Shares will increase

their aggregate control position from 26% to 69% as a result of the simplification process.

This analysis shows that while the control impact for each individual is generally limited, in aggregate

the Proposal does transfer a material number of voting rights from one stakeholder group to another.

Under the current structure, a significant proportion of the voting rights are held by shareholders with

either zero or a limited position in Investment Shares. This group may be characterised as farmers who

are most focused on access to the goods and services provided by LIC (via the required holding in Co-

operative Control Shares), with limited interest in seeking commercial returns from an investment in the

Company.

Shareholders who are overweight in Investment Shares are, on the other hand, more likely to view LIC

as a commercial investment and will be focused on generating a commercial return from that

investment. The analysis summarised in Figure 10 shows that the aggregate control position of these

shareholders will also increase as a result of the Proposal. On that basis, the potential influence of

these commercially-focused shareholders will increase.

The question remains as to what practical impact this change will have on all shareholders. Those

shareholders who are underweight Investment Shares are potentially the most adversely affected; they

are effectively being asked to convert their interest in the Company from simple co-operative

participation (via Co-operative Control Shares) to one which preserves access to LIC services and

which also has a commercial focus (via Ordinary Shares). On balance we think that the benefits of

moving to a single share structure outweigh the possible detriments relating to the aggregate changes

in the control position. At an individual farmer level, the control impacts are limited and the single share

structure means that all shareholders will be treated equally in the future.

4.4. Other Implications for LIC Shareholders

4.4.1. Changes in Share Standard

The Proposal necessitates a change to the Share Standard in order to maintain the 18/82% Share

Ownership Ratio. At an Exchange Ratio of 4.0, the Share Standard is effectively increasing by a factor

of 4 times. However, in order to reduce the impact on existing LIC Co-operative Control Shareholders,

a number of features have been proposed to reduce the immediate impact of the Proposal. These

features include:

▪ Increasing the minimum Qualifying Expenditure from $500 to $1,000.

▪ Utilising a 3-year average of Qualifying Expenditure to determine the Share Standard rather

than the preceding year’s Qualifying Expenditure.

▪ The Share Standard will be set in $5,000 bands (other than for the initial $1,000 to $5,000

band) of Qualifying Expenditure, reducing the frequency of having to share up or down as

Qualifying Expenditure fluctuates season to season. That means that shareholders will only

need to acquire additional shares if they increase their 3-year average Qualifying Expenditure

above the upper band, while there will be no need to sell surplus shares if they fall below the

lower band.

▪ Shareholders have more time to meet the Share Standard, with compliance now necessary by

mid-October in each year rather than the current deadline of mid-July.

Note that immediately after implementation of the Proposal, all existing shareholders will meet the

Share Standard because Nil Paid Shares qualify. LIC is essentially providing all shareholders interest

free loans to increase their investment in order to meet the new Share Standard. Consequently, there

will be no immediate need to share up or down to meet the new Share Standard.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 30

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

Table 12 provides a summary of the changes to the Share Standard under the Proposal and

hypothetical examples of how it impacts new customers (existing customers are not immediately

impacted). This illustrates that while on the face of it the Proposal increases the Share Standard by 4

times, the 3-year averaging and banding reduces the immediate financial commitment necessary from

customers. In the example above, the requirement in year 1 is actually lower than the current Share

Standard and the total requirement at year 3 is less than 4 times the current Share Standard (2.9 times)

due to the banding (i.e. only having to hold shares at the bottom of the $10k - $15k band rather than

meeting the requirements for a $14k spend) and averaging of the Qualifying Expenditure to meet the

Share Standard.

Table 12: Summary Changes to LIC’s Share Standard and Hypothetical Shareholder Examples

Existing Standard New Standard

Summary Features

Minimum Qualifying Expenditure $500 $1,000

Qualifying Expenditure to Share Standard 1:1 (i.e. share requirement

increases linearly with

spend, subject to rounding)

Bands of $5,000



Required to Sell Shares if Reduce Qualifying

Expenditure

Yes

No (surplus shares may be

retained – effectively

analogous to Investment

Shares)

Share Standard Measurement Period 12 months

36 months

Annual Compliance Date for Standard 15 July

15 October

Exiting Shareholders Compulsory Disposal Period 24 months

15 months

Implications


Increase in Share Standard NA

4.0x

Customer spend per share $25.00

$6.25

Number of shares needed for each $25 of spend 1

4

Price of shares at implementation $1.00

$1.00

Cost to acquire shares at implementation of Share

Simplification

$1.00

$4.00

Cost to acquire shares after implementation of Share

Simplification

$1.00 Market price

Hypothetical Example New Customer


Customer Spending Year 1

$10,000 $10,000

Customer Spending Year 2

$12,000 $12,000

Customer Spending Year 3

$14,000 $14,000

Qualifying Expenditure Year 1

$10,000 $3,333

Qualifying Expenditure Year 2

$12,000 $7,333

Qualifying Expenditure Year 3

$14,000 $12,000

Share Standard Requirements Year 1

400 160 ($1k - $5k band)

Share Standard Requirements Year 2

480 800 ($5k - $10k band)

Share Standard Requirements Year 3

560 1,600 ($10k-$15k band)

Cost to Meet Standard Requirements Year 1

$400 $160

Cost to Meet Standard Requirements Year 2

$80 $640

Cost to Meet Standard Requirements Year 3

$80 $800

Total Capital Commitment in LIC at End of Year 3

$560 $1,600

Source: LIC, Northington Partners

The change to the Share Standard will not affect existing customers because they will automatically

meet the standard immediately following the simplification process. However, the new Share Standard

will require new customers to invest close to three times as much to procure LIC services as is required

now. This impact is somewhat mitigated by the fact that the required investment is spread over three


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 31

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

years and is effectively smoothed via the introduction on the spending bands. We also suggest that the

quantum of the required investment is still relatively modest in the context of the scale of a typical dairy

farming business. In effect, the modified Share Standard is mandating that new shareholders invest the

same amount in LIC as they would have under the existing system if they had invested in Co-operative

Control Shares and Investment Shares in a ratio of 18%/82%.

On balance, we therefore consider the changes to the Share Standard under the Proposal are

reasonable.

4.4.2. Share Price Uncertainty

All fully paid Ordinary Shares (but not the Nil Paid Shares) will trade on the NZAX platform following the

Proposal. The price of those shares will move up and down over time depending on a wide range of

factors, including the operational and financial performance of LIC and broader macro-economic and

geo-political conditions.

This means that any shares that shareholders require in order to meet the Share Standard will need to

be purchased on-market through a broker intermediary or directly off-market from a selling shareholder.

The transaction price will reflect the prevailing market price of LIC shares at the time, and this may be

significantly higher or lower than the initial nominal issue price of $1.00. Similarly, for exiting

shareholders, shares will have to be sold in the same way.

While Investment Shares are already exposed to this type of market price risk, the Co-operative Control

Shares can currently be purchased and redeemed at a fixed price ($1.00). For those shareholders who

only own Co-operative Control Shares, the Proposal means that they will now be exposed to market

price risk in relation to their shareholding in LIC (via Ordinary Shares), particularly when they exit their

farming business and are required to sell the shares.

The market price of the Ordinary Shares following implementation of the Proposal is therefore important

to all shareholders. While this will ultimately be a function of Company performance and broader market

factors, the market price in the short term will also potentially be impacted by the adopted Exchange

Ratio.

There is a risk that the market price of Ordinary Shares following the Proposal will trade materially

below $1.00 (implying the Exchange Ratio was potentially set too high) or will trade materially above

$1.00 (implying the Exchange Ratio was potentially set too low). Either outcome will result in a wealth

transfer between the Co-operative Control and Investment Shareholders; if the Exchange Ratio is set

too high, more of the economic value of LIC is transferred to Investment Shares while if it is set too low,

more economic value is transferred to Co-operative Control Shares.

The post-implementation trading price of the Ordinary Shares is especially relevant to those who will

hold a large position in Nil Paid Shares (resulting from a large holding in Co-operative Control Shares).

These shareholders will receive Nil Paid Shares at no cost but with a legal obligation to pay-up to

$1.00, and are exposed to the risk that the market price immediately following the Proposal will be less

than $1.00. Any shareholders who cease to be a customer of LIC and who are obligated to sell their

shares may realise an immediate loss if they have to fully pay their Nil Paid Shares to $1.00 but can

only sell on-market at less than $1.00. Conversely, if the Exchange Ratio is set too low and the

Ordinary Shares trade over $1.00, shareholders will benefit from an immediate capital gain.

The potential for a short-term value gain or loss arising from mispricing of the Exchange Ratio is difficult

to predict. As set out above in Section 4.2, the adopted Exchange Ratio of 4.0x is close to the mid-point

of our valuation range for the Investment Shares and we therefore believe that it is fair to both classes

of shareholder. However, we also note that the Exchange Ratio of 4.0x can be compared directly to the

current market value of the Investment shares of $2.25, implying a market-based Exchange Ratio of

2.25. While we do not believe that the current market value of the Investment Shares fully reflects their

underlying fair value (for the reasons identified in Section 3.0), there is a chance that the market price

of the Ordinary Shares will trade lower than our assessed value.

4.4.3. Redemption Risk

Under LIC’s current capital structure, the Company is exposed to redemption risk which may be

particularly acute in bad dairy seasons when LIC is required to redeem significant volumes of Co-

operative Control Shares as customers exit the co-operative or reduce their level of spend. Exiting


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 32

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

shareholders are also required to sell any Investment Shares when they discontinue as a customer,

and this selling pressure may affect the market value of Investment Shares.

The Proposal largely eliminates LIC’s redemption risk and the associated impact on the Company’s

balance sheet. LIC will no longer have an obligation to buy and sell shares from shareholders under the

Share Standard as all shares will be transacted on market. Effectively, LIC is transferring the

redemption risk currently held at the company level to individual shareholders, who will now be subject

to market price risk. Nonetheless, LIC retains the ability to compulsorily acquire or dispose sufficient

shares, on the shareholder’s behalf, sufficient for them to meet the Share Standard if it is not met within

the required time.

4.4.4. Liquidity

We believe that the Proposal should help to improve the liquidity in LIC’s shares, largely as a result of

the following factors:

▪ All fully paid Ordinary Shares arising from the reclassification of the Co-operative Control

Shares will need to be traded on market rather than issued / redeemed by LIC. This increases

the tradeable number of shares by 5% immediately, and by 21% through time as the Nil Paid

Shares are paid up (notwithstanding that the majority of shares will need to be retained to

meet the Share Standard).

▪ Both Co-operative Control and Investment shareholders (including those with only Co-

operative Control Shares) will have a more aligned interest in the commercial performance

and prospects of LIC following the Proposal. We believe that the increase in the focus on the

investment performance of the Ordinary Shares will in turn increase market liquidity over time.

▪ We expect that the Proposal should generate greater interest in LIC and its future strategy

amongst both its shareholder base and potentially, the broader financial community.

However, the market liquidity of LIC’s shares following the Proposal may also be impacted by a number

of other factors including external economic and market driven factors. Therefore, improved liquidity

cannot be guaranteed.

4.4.5. Dividends and Returns

LIC shareholders will receive an additional 3.0 nil paid Ordinary Shares for every Co-operative Control

Share currently held, valued at the nominal value of $1.00 per share. While these shares are nil paid

when initially issued, the shareholder has the obligation to pay the $1.00 subscription price via future

dividend payments and is therefore effectively committed to the additional investment in LIC.

Consequently, the expected level of LIC dividends following the Proposal will determine the time

required to fully pay-up the shares (unless paid-up through other means). In addition, the Proposal

dilutes dividends paid to Investment Shareholders who are effectively giving up economic value in

exchange for more voting control.

Figure 11: LIC’s Historic Dividend Performance (Adjusted by Exchange Ratio)


Source: Northington Partners. Historic LIC dividends divided by 4.85 reflecting an Exchange Ratio of 4.0x and after allowing for the

dilution from the conversion of Co-operative Control Shares into ordinary shares.

$0.013

$0.000

$0.042

$0.074

$0.113

$0.081

$0.093

$0.048

$0.086

$0.047

$0.060

$0.000

$0.050

$0.100

$0.150

FY17FY16FY15FY14FY13FY12FY11FY10FY09FY08

Adjusted Historic DPSAverage Adjusted DPS


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 33

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

The potential level of future dividends under the Proposal is therefore an important consideration to

both classes of shareholders. Figure 11 highlights LIC’s dividend history for the Investment Shares

based on an assumed Exchange Ratio of 4.0.

The average historical dividend over the period was 6.0 cents per share after allowing for the impact of

the Share Simplification (29.0 cents pre-adjustment). If that level of dividend was maintained in the

future, it would take over 16 years to pay up the Nil Paid Shares. While we would expect LIC’s financial

performance and dividends to improve over time, particularly following recent initiatives under Project

Pace and once the benefits of the Share Simplification are realised, future dividends cannot be

guaranteed. Therefore, shareholders should recognise that it may take a number of years to repay the

Nil Paid Shares unless the remaining liability is partially paid from other sources. As previously

discussed, many shareholders may also exit LIC prior to having fully paid the Nil Paid Shares, meaning

that they will be left with a liability to pay-up on exit. These shareholders are therefore exposed to the

risk that the Ordinary Share price will be less than $1.00 on exit, in which case the shareholders will

realise a cash loss.

The dividend return implications for Investment Shareholders differ depending on an individual’s Share

Ownership Ratio (as highlighted in Section 4.1, Table 11):

▪ Shareholders with no Investment Shares effectively give up the preferred dividend on their Co-

operative Control Shares for ordinary dividends. While these shareholders (and others that are

underweight in Investment Shares) will now receive a greater share of ordinary dividends, the

dividends will be used to pay up Nil Paid Shares required to meet the Share Standard before

any cash is received;

▪ Shareholders with a balanced shareholding (18%/82% Share Ownership Ratio) will receive

similar dividend returns before and after the Proposal; and

▪ Shareholders overweight in Investment Shares will suffer some dilution, the extent of which

will depend on their particular position.

Table 13: Impact of the Proposal On Dividend Investment Returns


No Investment

Shares

Balanced

Shareholding

(18%/82% Share

Ownership Ratio)

Overweight

Investment Shares

(5%/95% Share

Ownership Ratio)

Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post

Co-operative Control Shares Held 500 500 500

Investment Shares Held 0 2,350 9,500

Total Shares 500 2,850 10,000


Fully Paid Ordinary Shares 500 9,900 38,500

Nil Paid Ordinary Shares 1,500 1,500 1,500

Total Ordinary Shares 2,000 11,400 40,000

Co-operative Control Dividends $40.00 NA $40.00 NA $40.00 NA

Investment Share Dividends $0.00 NA $1,057.50 NA $4,275.00 NA

Ordinary Share Dividends – Cash NA $0.00 NA $888.01 NA $3,589.83

Ordinary Share Dividends – Applied to

Nil Paid Shares

NA $188.94 NA $188.94 NA $188.94

Total Dividend Returns $40.00 $188.94 $1,097.50 $1,076.95 $4,315.00 $3,778.77

Source: Northington Partners. Assumes Co-operative Control Shares held are equal to the number required to meet the Share

Standard and a 70% dividend payout ratio, being the mid-point of LIC’s current policy of distributing between 60% - 80% of

normalised profit.

Although no dividends were paid on Co-operative Control or Investment Shares in FY16, Table 13

illustrates the total potential dividend returns for the above shareholding scenarios before and after the

Proposal based on the following assumed dividend returns:

▪ Dividend returns of 8% on Co-operative Control Shares in line with the current Westpac farm

first mortgage rate; and


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 34

Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal

▪ Dividend returns of 45 cents on Investment Shares, consistent with LIC’s FY19 outlook of $18

- $26 million in underlying earnings after allowing for a dividend payout of 60% – 80%. This

translates to a dividend of approximately 9.4 cents per share following the Proposal after

allowing for dilution and the after-tax impact of eliminating the preferred dividend to Co-

operative Control Shares.

Based on this potential scenario, it would take less than 11 years to repay the Nil Paid Shares with an

implied cash dividend yield of over 9% on the $1.00 nominal value per Ordinary Share.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 35

Appendix 1: Comparable Company Information

Appendix 1. Comparable Company Information

Table14 below summarises EBIT trading multiples for New Zealand Agricultural and Dairy listed companies

comparable to LIC. Table5 summarises comparable international companies in the Genetics and Production Animal

Health services.

Table 14: Comparable New Zealand Agricultural and Dairy Listed Companies

Company Country Primary Activity

Market

Capitalisation

Enterprise

Value

EV / EBIT

(LTM)

EV / EBIT

(NTM)

(NZ$m) (NZ$m)

Fonterra Co-operative

Group Limited

New Zealand Dairy products 10,467 16,456 14.7x 13.4x

PGG Wrightson Limited New Zealand Agricultural services 438 565 10.4x 10.2x

Scales Corporation

Limited

New Zealand Agricultural produce 678 748 14.2x 14.6x

Seeka Limited New Zealand Agricultural produce 109 204 12.0x 12.0x

1


Synlait Milk Limited New Zealand Dairy products 1,264 1,346 20.0x 14.3x

Average 14.3x 12.9x

Median 14.2x 13.4x

Source: Capital IQ, publicly available company announcements, Northington Partners Analysis. Data as at 18 January 2018.

LTM = Last Twelve Months. NTM = Next Twelve Months. Where possible calculations have used an EBIT calendarized to a May year-end (i.e. such

that NTM reflects the 12 months to May 2018) to align to LIC’s year-end.

1

NTM for Seeka set to equal LTM as broker forecasts are not available for the company.

Table 15: Comparable International Genetics and Production Animal Health Listed Companies

Company Country Primary Activity

Market

Capitalisation

Enterprise

Value

EV / EBIT

(LTM)

EV / EBIT

(NTM)

(NZ$m) (NZ$m)

Apiam Animal Health

Limited

Australia Agricultural services 100 127 17.7x 12.6x

Elders Limited Australia Agricultural services 1,091 1,198 17.5x 15.0x

Genus plc

United

Kingdom

Genetic and biological

products

2,951 3,168 30.3x 31.5x

National Milk Records

plc

United

Kingdom

Agricultural services 35 43 14.6x 14.6x

1


Average 20.0x 18.4x

Median 17.6x 14.8x

Source: Capital IQ, publicly available company announcements, Northington Partners Analysis. Data as at 18 January 2018.

LTM = Last Twelve Months. NTM = Next Twelve Months. Where possible calculations have used an EBIT calendarized to a May year-end (i.e. such

that NTM reflects the 12 months to May 2018) to align to LIC’s year-end.

1

NTM for National Milk Records set to equal LTM as broker forecasts are not available for the company.

Table 16 provides a description of these companies.

Table 16: Detailed Listed Company Descriptions

Company Description


Fonterra Co-

operative

Group

Limited

Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited, together with its subsidiaries, collects, manufactures, and sells milk and

milk derived products. It operates through five segments: Global Ingredients and Operations, Oceania, Asia,

Greater China, and Latin America. The company offers everyday dairy ingredients, including whole and skimmed

milk powder; dairy nutrition products, such as protein ingredients, milk protein concentrates, and whey protein

concentrates; and cheese, butter, dairy spreads, cream, coffee, whet, flavored milk, bakery butter, cream

cheese, specialty whipping and culinary cream, mozzarella, and other dairy commodities. Further, it is involved

in the quick service restaurant business. Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited was founded in 2001 and is based

in Auckland, New Zealand.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 36

Appendix 1: Comparable Company Information

Company Description


PGG

Wrightson

Limited

PGG Wrightson Limited provides various products, services, and solutions for growers, farmers, and processors

worldwide. It operates through three segments: Agency, Retail and Water, Seed and Grain. The company

operates rural supplies stores that offer a range of products and services, such as animal health and

management, apparel and footwear, dairy hygiene and supplies, fencing products, fertilizers, nutrition and

stockfood products, pasture and crop protection products. It also provides agency services for the sale,

purchase, and service of various categories of livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and deer at auction, private and

on-farm sales, and online trading of livestock; and handles, markets, and exports wool to manufacturers and

spinners. The company was founded in 1841 and is based in Christchurch, New Zealand. PGG Wrightson

Limited is a subsidiary of Agria (Singapore) Pte Limited.

Scales

Corporation

Limited

Scales Corporation Limited engages in agribusiness activities in New Zealand. The company operates through

Horticulture, Food Ingredients, and Storage & Logistics segments. The Horticulture segment is involved in

growing, packaging, marketing, and exporting apples under Mr Apple brand name. The Food Ingredients

segment processes and markets pet food ingredients for the pet food industry. This segment also manufactures

and sells apple, kiwifruit, and pear juice concentrates. The Storage & Logistics segment provides supply chain

services for exporters, importers, and FMCG businesses. The company was founded in 1897 and is based in

Christchurch, New Zealand.

Seeka

Limited

Seeka Limited, together with its subsidiaries, provides orchard lease and management, and post harvest

services to the horticulture industry primarily in New Zealand. The Orchard Operations segment offers on-

orchard management services to orchard owners who produce kiwifruit, avocado, and kiwiberry crops. The Post

Harvest Operations segment provides post-harvest services to the kiwifruit, avocado, and kiwiberry industries

that include crops from the company’s orchard management and lease operations, as well as crops from

independent orchard owners. Seeka Limited was incorporated in 1987 and is headquartered in Te Puke, New

Zealand.

Synlait Milk

Limited

Synlait Milk Limited manufactures and sells dairy products in New Zealand and internationally. It provides

nutritional products, including infant nutritional powders and adult nutritional powders; ingredients comprising

whole milk powders, skim milk powders, and anhydrous milk fat; and specialty products, such as lactoferrin. The

company was founded in 2005 and is based in Rakaia, New Zealand. Synlait Milk Limited is a subsidiary of

Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd.

Apiam

Animal

Health

Limited

Apiam Animal Health Limited, a vertically integrated animal health company, provides veterinary products and

services to production and companion animals in Australia. The company engages in veterinary wholesale,

warehousing, logistics, and other ancillary activities. Its products and services include systems to assist in herd

health programs; production advisory services; consulting services and products to assist in the prevention of

animal diseases; technologies to manage compliance with legislative requirements on pharmaceutical use; and

advice and services in respect of animal welfare compliance. The company operates production animal and

mixed animal veterinary clinics in 28 locations. Apiam Animal Health Limited was founded in 1998 and is based

in Bendigo, Australia.

Elders

Limited

Elders Limited provides livestock, real estate, and wool agency services to rural and regional customers primarily

in Australia. The company offers rural farm inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, animal

health products, and general rural merchandise, as well as professional production and cropping advisory

services. It also provides on-farm sales to third parties, regular physical, and online public livestock auctions, as

well as directly sells through its owned and third-party feedlots and livestock exporters; real estate agency and

property management services; agency services for the sale of greasy wool; brokering services for wool

growers; and grain marketing services. Elders Limited was founded in 1839 and is headquartered in Adelaide,

Australia.

Genus plc

Genus plc, together with its subsidiaries, engages in the application of quantitative genetics and biotechnology

for animal breeding in the porcine and bovine sectors. The company sells sows, boars, and semen under the

PIC name to breed pigs with various characteristics for pork production. It also sells bull semen and embryos

that are delivered through artificial insemination to breed diary and beef cattle with various characteristics for

milk and beef production under the ABS name, as well as provides various in vitro fertilization services under the

IVB name. Genus plc was incorporated in 1994 and is headquartered in Basingstoke, the United Kingdom.

National Milk

Records plc

National Milk Records plc provides milk recording services in the United Kingdom and internationally. It offers

payment testing, microbiology, fatty acids profiling, and pregnancy testing services for cows.The company also

provides GeneTracker, a genomic testing service that identifies the genetic potential of the animal from a young

age. Further, the company provides management information services on individual cow’s performance in terms

of milk quality, yield, and fertility; supplies aggregate data to dairy industry bodies, including milk buyers, and

breed societies, as well as for advisors, such as vets and farm consultants; and services to the red meat

industry. The company was founded in 1943 and is headquartered in Chippenham, the United Kingdom.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 37

Appendix 2: Sources of Information Used in this Report

Appendix 2. Sources of Information Used in this Report

Other than the information sources referenced directly in the body of the report, this assessment is reliant on the

following sources of information:

▪ LIC’s Annual Reports for FY2013 - FY2017, its interim report for FY2018 and other market

announcements.

▪ LIC’s Product Disclosure Statement 2017.

▪ Draft Notice of Special Meeting in relation to the Proposal.

▪ LIC Board Papers and Minutes in relation to the Proposal.

▪ Relevant documents provided by LIC including share registry, management accounts and internal

assessments of strategic initiatives.

▪ Discussions with senior management of LIC.

▪ Various other documents that we considered necessary for the purposes of our analysis.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 38

Appendix 3: Declarations, Qualifications and Consents

Appendix 3. Declarations, Qualifications and Consents

Declarations

This report is dated 9 February 2018 and has been prepared by Northington Partners at the request of the

independent directors of LIC for the benefit for its shareholders in relation to the Proposal. This report, or any part

of it, should not be reproduced or used for any other purpose. Northington Partners specifically disclaims any

obligation or liability to any party whatsoever in the event that this report is supplied or applied for any purpose

other than that for which it is intended.

Prior drafts of this report were provided to LIC for review and discussion. Although minor factual changes to the

report were made after the release of the first draft, there were no changes to our methodology, analysis, or

conclusions.

This report is provided for the benefit of all of the shareholders of LIC that are being asked to consider the Proposal,

and Northington Partners consents to the distribution of this report to those people.

Our engagement terms did not contain any term which materially restricted the scope of our work.

Qualifications

Northington Partners provides an independent corporate advisory service to companies operating throughout New

Zealand. The company specialises in mergers and acquisitions, capital raising support, expert opinions, financial

instrument valuations, and business and share valuations. Northington Partners is retained by a mix of publicly

listed companies, substantial privately held companies, and state owned enterprises.

The individuals responsible for preparing this report are Greg Anderson B.Com, M.Com (Hons) and Ph.D and

Jonathan Burke B.Com (Hons), BCM. Each individual has a wealth of experience in providing independent advice

to clients relating to the value of business assets and equity instruments, as well as the choice of appropriate

financial structures and governance issues.

Northington Partners has been responsible for the preparation of numerous independent reports in relation to

takeovers, mergers, and a range of other transactions subject to the Takeovers Code and NZX Listing Rules.

Independence

Northington Partners has not been previously engaged on any matter by LIC or (to the best of our knowledge) by

any other party to the Proposal that could affect our independence. None of the Directors or employees of

Northington Partners have any other relationship with any of the directors or substantial security holders of the

parties involved in the Proposal.

The preparation of this independent report will be Northington Partners’ only involvement in relation to the Proposal.

Northington Partners will be paid a fixed fee for its services which is in no way contingent on the outcome of our

analysis or the content of our report.

Northington Partners does not have any conflict of interest that could affect its ability to provide an unbiased report.

Disclaimer and Restrictions on the Scope of Our Work

In preparing this report, Northington Partners has relied on information provided by LIC. Northington Partners has

not performed anything in the nature of an audit of that information, and does not express any opinion on the

reliability, accuracy, or completeness of the information provided to us and upon which we have relied.

Northington Partners has used the provided information on the basis that it is true and accurate in material respects

and not misleading by reason of omission or otherwise. Accordingly, neither Northington Partners nor its directors,

employees or agents, accept any responsibility or liability for any such information being inaccurate, incomplete,

unreliable or not soundly based or for any errors in the analysis, statements and opinions provided in this report

resulting directly or indirectly from any such circumstances or from any assumptions upon which this report is based

proving unjustified.

We reserve the right, but will be under no obligation, to review or amend our report if any additional information

which was in existence on the date of this report was not brought to our attention, or subsequently comes to light.


Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 39

Appendix 3: Declarations, Qualifications and Consents

Indemnity

LIC has agreed to indemnify Northington Partners (to the maximum extent permitted by law) for all claims,

proceedings, damages, losses (including consequential losses), fines, penalties, costs, charges and expenses

(including legal fees and disbursements) suffered or incurred by Northington Partners in relation to the preparation

of this report, except to the extent resulting from any act or omission of Northington Partners finally determined by a

New Zealand Court of competent jurisdiction to constitute negligence or bad faith by Northington Partners.

LIC has also agreed to promptly fund Northington Partners for its reasonable costs and expenses (including legal

fees and expenses) in dealing with such claims or proceedings upon presentation by Northington Partners of the

relevant invoices.

Data sourced from publicly available filings. Our datasets may not be complete. Automated analysis can produce errors. If you believe any data on this page is incorrect, please contact us at hello@nzxplorer.co.nz. For informational purposes only. Not investment advice.