LIC Board proposes simpler, fairer share structure
Private Bag 3016
Hamilton 3240
New Zealand
0800 651 156
www.lic.co.nz
LIC is the trading name of Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited
Market statement
9 February 2018
LIC Board proposes simpler, fairer share structure
The Board of Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (NZX: LIC) (LIC) has released its
proposal to simplify LIC’s share structure by bringing the farmer-owned co-operative’s existing two
classes of shares together into a single class.
Share simplification proposal key points:
1. From two classes of shares to one
2. Fundamentals of co-operative protected
3. All shareholders will have a vote and receive dividends based on profitability
4. Share standard will increase
5. All shares will be listed and subject to market pricing
LIC currently has two classes of shares – co-operative control shares and investment shares,
which are listed on the NZX Alternative Market (NZAX).
Board Chair, Murray King, said the Board is pleased to recommend the new share structure to
shareholders following a comprehensive review of LIC’s share structure that began in 2016 in
response to concerns around the growing disparity between LIC’s two share classes.
The proposed new structure will:
• Protect the co-operative principles that are fundamental to LIC
• Ensure a fairer system that treats all shareholders equally
• Give LIC capital flexibility in the future
• Support LIC’s strategy (Vision, Purpose, Strategic Themes and Values)
• Deliver a simpler share structure with less hassle for shareholders and LIC
“Under the current share structure, co-operative shareholders have greater voting rights but have
limited exposure to the financial benefits of our recent transformation programme and future growth
opportunities. Conversely, investment shareholders, whilst having a right to a greater share of the
economic value created by LIC for its shareholders, have limited ability to control the strategy or
direction that LIC takes to optimise that value.
“This creates potentially serious conflicts between the two existing classes of shares. The Board
believes these conflicts will worsen over time and that now is the time to address these conflicts
given they will otherwise lead to issues for the on-going management and governance of LIC.
“The proposal will reduce this conflict, preserve LIC’s co-operative principles and allow us to focus
on a strategy designed to benefit all shareholders equally.
“Share simplification is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders and LIC. While the
impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for shareholders depending on their current
investment mix, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects,” he said.
Page 2 of 2
King said the Board of LIC along with the Shareholder Council recommend a Yes vote. The
Independent Adviser believes that, on balance, the proposal is in the best interests of both classes
of shareholders and LIC.
“It is unusual for a company to have two classes of shares. Moving to a single class of shares is
about future proofing LIC and ensuring a resilient and adaptable co-op for generations to come.
“For our co-op to stay strong, it is important that these changes happen. That’s why the Board has
made it an important part of its strategic roadmap for LIC, and spent the last 18 months working to
find a solution that is fair and as simple as possible.
“We urge shareholders to read the information coming to their mailboxes soon, and support the
proposal by voting yes.
“Two classes of shares with unequal rights are not suitable for this modern, progressive co-op.”
The changes will only happen if approved by co-operative shareholders and investment
shareholders, each to a level of 75% or more of the votes received.
A description of how, and the relative values at which, the share simplification would be
implemented and the advice from the Independent Adviser that supports the proposal is set out in
the attached Introduction to LIC’s Share Simplification Booklet and the Notice of Meeting. These
contain important information.
Information about the proposal is available on LIC’s website and detailed information packs will be
mailed to all shareholders next week. The information packs outline the proposal, how it would be
implemented and provide an exact breakdown of how each LIC shareholding would change under
the proposed share simplification process.
The proposal is now subject to a shareholder vote which can be done online, by post, in person or
by proxy at a Special Meeting at LIC’s head office in Newstead, Hamilton on 14 March 2018.
Voting papers and Notice of Meeting details are contained in the information packs.
More information about the proposed changes is available at www.lic.co.nz/vote.
ENDS
Media contact: Ashleigh Sattler ashleigh.sattler@lic.co.nz 027 617 1942
For any shareholder enquiries please phone 0800 264 632
About LIC
LIC is a farmer-owned co-operative that provides a range of services and solutions to improve the productivity and
prosperity of farmers. This includes dairy genetics, information technology, herd testing, DNA parentage verification and
farm advisory services through FarmWise. Subsidiary business LIC Automation also provides integrated automation
systems and unique milk testing sensors that present real-time data while a cow is being milked. With origins dating back
to 1909, LIC has a long history of world-leading innovations for the dairy industry.
Today the New Zealand-based co-operative employs more than 700 permanent staff, swelling to 2000 during the peak
dairy mating season. LIC also has offices in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia. All LIC profit is returned to its
farmer owners/shareholders in dividends or re-investment for new solutions, research and development. www.lic.co.nz
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NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING AND
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Share Simplification Proposal
Single Share Structure
LIVESTOCK IMPROVEMENT
CORPORATION LIMITED
February 2018
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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IMPORTANT TRANSACTION FOR LIC SHAREHOLDERS
Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (LIC) is proposing
to make some important changes to its share structure. There
are various steps required to effect the reorganisation of
LIC’s share structure. These steps and associated changes
described in this document are collectively referred to as the
“Proposal”.
Each Shareholder has been sent an “Information Pack” which
requires your immediate attention. The Board strongly advises
that you read it carefully and in full before deciding how to vote.
The Information Pack includes:
• a letter from the Chairman of LIC, Introduction to the
Proposal, and Q&A;
• this Notice of Special Meeting and Explanatory
Memorandum (this document);
• the Independent Adviser’s Report commissioned by LIC;
and
• a Voting Form / Proxy Appointment Form.
The Information Pack is intended to inform you about the
Proposal, enable you to consider its implications, and help you
decide whether to vote for or against the Resolutions.
This document is a limited disclosure document for the
purposes of clause 24 of Schedule 1 to the Financial Markets
Conduct Act 2013 (FMCA) (the variations exclusion) and clause
35 of Schedule 8 of the Financial Markets Conduct Regulations
2014 (Regulations). The variations exclusion allows LIC to offer
a variation of the terms of a security (in this case, both LIC’s
Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares) without
the need for a product disclosure statement. The limited
disclosure document must meet the disclosure requirements
prescribed by clause 35 of Schedule 8 of the Regulations.
If you choose not to vote at all, whether the Resolutions are
passed or not will be determined solely by reference to the
number of votes cast by the shareholders who do vote. If the
Proposal is approved, it will be implemented and apply to all
Shareholders, regardless of whether or not they voted.
The full copy of the Independent Adviser’s Report by
Northington Partners is provided with this document and a
summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report is set out on
page 14 of this document. A summary of the proposed changes
to the Constitution is provided in Schedule 2
and the full copy of the New Constitution is available at
www.lic.co.nz/vote
You should note the risk factors associated with an investment
in LIC described on page 6 and in Schedule 3.
NO INVESTMENT ADVICE
The Information Pack has been prepared without reference to
the commercial or investment objectives, financial and taxation
situation or particular needs of any Shareholder or any other
person or entity. The information and recommendations
contained in the Information Pack do not constitute, and
should not be taken as, financial or investment advice.
The Board encourages you to seek independent financial,
investment or other professional advice before making
any decision as to whether or not to vote in favour of the
Resolutions or any other investment decision in connection with
any matter related to the Information Pack.
NZAX LISTING
Application has been made to New Zealand’s stock exchange
(NZX) for permission to quote the Ordinary Shares on the NZX
Alternative Market (NZAX) if the Proposal is approved. All
requirements of NZX relating to the application that can be
complied with on or before the date of this Information Pack
have been duly complied with. However, NZX accepts no
responsibility for any statement in this Information Pack. The
NZAX is a licensed market operated by NZX, which is a licensed
market operator regulated under the FMCA.
DEFINED TERMS
Unless otherwise indicated, capitalised terms used in this
document have the specific meaning given to them in the
Glossary on page 40 of this document.
DATE OF THIS DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION PACK
This document and the Information Pack are dated
9 February 2018.
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SECTION A
Introducing the Proposal 5
Introduction – Have your say on LIC’s Future 5
Key Points 5
Proposal Recommended by the Board and Shareholder Council 6
Independent Adviser’s Report 6
Key risks 6
What you need to do 7
Key dates 8
Approval Timetable for the Proposal 8
Implementation Timetable for the Proposal (if approved) 9
Overview of the Proposal 10
Summary of Impact of the Proposal 12
Impact of the Proposal on Existing Shareholders 12
Summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report 14
The Proposal in More Detail 18
Why does LIC need a single share structure? 18
What does the Proposal involve? 21
How will the Proposal be Implemented? 27
Governance of LIC and Representation of Farmers 27
Qualifying Expenditure 28
Taxation Implication for NZ Resident Shareholders 28
Overview of the Structure Post Capital Reclassification 29
SECTION B
Notice of Special Meeting 32
Resolutions 32
Eligibility to Vote and Required Approvals 33
How to Cast a Vote 34
Explanation of the Resolutions and Additional Information 36
Glossary 40
SCHEDULE 1 Summary of Shareholding Rights between Classes 42
SCHEDULE 2 Summary of the Changes to the Constitution 44
SCHEDULE 3 Risks Affecting an Investment in LIC 49
SCHEDULE 4 Roadshow Timetable 52
DIRECTORY 58
Note: The Independent Adviser’s Report has been circulated with this document.
Contents
ENQUIRIES
Enquiries in connection with the Information Pack can be directed to your broker, financial, investment, or other professional
adviser. If you have any questions about the number of Shares you hold in LIC, or how to vote or complete the Voting Form,
please contact the Election Helpline on 0800 666 033.
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
SECTION A
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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SECTION A: INTRODUCING THE PROPOSAL
Introducing the Proposal
Introduction – Have Your Say on LIC’s Future
LIC is proposing to simplify its share structure so that it will have
a single class of Ordinary Shares. This Proposal is part of a
broader process of change and transformation that LIC began
in 2016. The focus of this process is to help ensure a resilient
and adaptive co-operative that is able to respond in an agile
way to challenges and opportunities that may lay ahead.
The overriding priority of the Board in reaching this point has
been protecting the co-operative principles that are at the
heart of LIC and helping prepare it for the future. The Proposal
detailed in this document does just that.
You will have received with this document a letter from Murray
King, the Chairman of LIC, and an Introduction to the Proposal.
This document should be read together with those documents,
as this document provides more detail about the Proposal and
includes details of the notice of the meeting at which you will be
asked to vote on the Proposal.
It is important that you understand what is being proposed and
you are actively involved in the decision making. A Roadshow
has been arranged to allow us to answer any questions you
may have. In addition, you will shortly be contacted directly by
an LIC representative to talk through how you can vote and to
answer any further questions you may have.
Most importantly, we want you to vote. If the Proposal is
approved, it will be binding on all Shareholders, whether or not
they voted for the Proposal.
All Co-operative Control Shareholders and Investment
Shareholders will be entitled to vote on the Proposal. Details
on eligibility to vote on the Resolutions proposed and how to
cast your vote are set out on page 33 of this document.
Have your say on LIC’s future – vote online, in person,
via postal vote, or appoint a proxy to vote on your behalf.
See page 8 for relevant deadlines for submitting your vote.
Key Points
• LIC will move from having two classes of shares, being
Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares, to a
single class of Ordinary Shares. The existing Shares will
be reclassified as Ordinary Shares after adjustment for
their relative rights and values.
• The fundamentals of the co-operative will be preserved.
• The Share Standard will increase but, at Implementation,
additional shares will be issued on a nil-paid basis (to
be repaid over time as described on page 24) to ensure
all existing Shareholders comply with the new Share
Standard at Implementation.
• Following Implementation, each Ordinary Share will have
a vote and will be entitled to receive dividends based on
LIC’s profit.
• The Ordinary Shares will be traded on the NZAX
1
and
subject to market pricing. All Shareholders will be able
to benefit from dividends and capital appreciation over
time if the Shares increase in value, noting that the
Shares may also reduce in value.
An overview of the Proposal is set out in this document under
the headings
Overview of the Proposal and Summary of Impact
of the Proposal. The Overview describes where Shareholders
can find more information later in this document.
1. Provided they are fully paid up.
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Proposal Recommended by the
Board and Shareholder Council
The LIC Board and the Shareholder Council both fully support
the Proposal and recommend that all Shareholders vote
in favour of the Resolutions proposed. Each Director has
indicated that he or she will be voting the Shares they control
in favour of all of the Resolutions.
Independent Adviser’s Report
The LIC Board has commissioned Northington Partners to
assess the rationale for the Proposal, its merits and relative
fairness to the holders of Co-operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares.
The Independent Adviser has concluded that, on balance,
it is in the best interests of both classes of Shareholders
and LIC.
A summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report is set out on
page 14. A full copy of the Independent Adviser’s Report is
circulated with this document. You are encouraged to read the
Independent Adviser’s Report in full.
Key Risks
Any investment in LIC will be subject to industry and LIC-
specific risks, and your exposure to these risks may change
as a consequence of the Proposal being implemented.
These risks relate to the financial position and performance
of LIC, and to LIC’s ability to deliver products and services
to its Shareholders. In particular, under the Proposal, the
value of the Shares going forward will be determined by the
market and will move up and down depending on a variety
of factors, including LIC’s performance and other external
macroeconomic and geopolitical factors. That means any
Shareholders looking to buy or sell Shares will be exposed to
market price risk.
Shareholders should consider these potential risks, the
likelihood of a risk event occurring, and the impact it may have
on a Shareholder’s investment. Schedule 3 of this document
outlines the key risks to LIC’s business and your investment
identified by the Directors and includes an assessment of the
exposure and any steps LIC has taken, or proposes to take, to
mitigate such risks.
SECTION A: INTRODUCING THE PROPOSAL
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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What You Need To Do
DETAILS STEP
1. Read and carefully consider the Information Pack The Information Pack contains the information your Board
believes will assist you to understand the Proposal and the
reasons for it.
2. Consider the Notice of Special Meeting
included in this document
The Notice of Special Meeting outlines your eligibility to vote
on the Proposal, the voting process and the key dates and
deadlines. If you are eligible to vote, choose the voting method
that suits you best and diarise the relevant deadlines. If you
are not attending the Special Meeting in person, you will need
to submit the relevant forms in advance in order to vote.
3. Participate in the process and be informedAttend your nearest Roadshow. Details of the Roadshow are
set out in Schedule 4 and you can choose which Roadshow
meeting to attend. If you have any questions or want
further information about the Proposal, voting process or
Implementation, please be sure to ask. The contact details are
set out in the Directory at the back of this document. You may
also wish to consult with your usual financial, investment or
other professional adviser.
4. Vote on the ProposalMake sure you vote on the Proposal by attending the meeting
in person, appointing a proxy to attend the meeting in your
place, or submitting a postal or electronic vote in advance
of the Special Meeting. Check page 34 of this document for
detailed requirements for your preferred voting method.
During the voting period, if you have not voted, you will receive
“reminder to vote” emails from iro@electionz.com.
SECTION A: INTRODUCING THE PROPOSAL
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Keys Dates
Approval Timetable for the Proposal
The below timetable outlines the process for the approval of the Proposal.
D AT ETIMEDETAILS
26 Feb 2018 –
9 March 2018
Roadshow to introduce the Proposal and answer any
questions on the Proposal (see Schedule 4 for details).
6 March 20185.00 pmShareholders’ voting eligibility determined. Any
Shareholder on the share register as at 5.00 pm on
this date will be eligible to vote the Shares they hold
at that time.
12 March 201810.30 amCut-off for receipt of postal voting and proxy forms.
Internet voting closes.
14 March 201810.30 amSpecial Meeting is held at LIC’s Tempero Centre, Cnr.
Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton, with
registration starting from 9.30 am.
SECTION A: KEY DATES
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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Implementation Timetable for the Proposal
(if approved)
The timetable below shows how the Proposal will be implemented, if approved. These steps will take effect in the order listed below.
The dates listed below may be subject to change, as may be approved by the Board and Announced to Shareholders.
D AT E
2
TIMEACTION
14 March 2018On passing of the ResolutionsExisting Constitution is amended in accordance with
Resolution 2(a) (see Section B of this document).
5 July 2018Notice of Implementation Date is Announced to
Shareholders.
16 July 20185.00 pmTrading in Investment Shares is suspended.
19 July 2018New Co-operative Control Shares are issued / relevant
excess Co-operative Control Shares are redeemed in any
such case to meet the Share Standard as part of LIC's
2018 Annual Update.
19 July 2018Share Standard is amended in accordance with Resolution
1(a) (effective immediately after LIC's 2018 Annual
Update).
19 July 2018New Co-operative Control Shares are issued on a nil
paid basis (with the liability of $1 per new Share to be
repaid over time) and Co operative Control Shareholders
subscribe for those Shares to meet the new Share
Standard in accordance with Resolution 1(b).
Investment Shares are subdivided in accordance with
Resolution 1(c).
19 July 2018The existing Constitution is revoked and the New
Constitution is adopted in accordance with Resolution
2(d).
All Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares
are Reclassified into Ordinary Shares in accordance with
Resolutions 2(b) and 2(c).
23 July 201810.00 amTrading in Ordinary Shares opens.
SECTION A: KEY DATES
2. These dates are subject to change, as stated above.
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Overview of the Proposal
TOPICSUMMARYSEE ALSO
Why does LIC
need a new share
structure?
Protecting the Co-operative: The overriding priority is protecting the co-operative
principles that are at the heart of LIC. The Proposal will allow LIC to continue to
look after the interests of all its Shareholders with the core services it provides,
while also enabling it to generate sufficient profits to better position it for the future.
Page 18
To be fair to all: The Proposal seeks to remove the tension in LIC's share structure
which exists because of the different rights between the two classes of Shares.
The Co-operative Control Shares have substantively all voting rights and the
Investment Shares have most of the economic rights.
Page 19
Capital flexibility: The proposed capital structure would give LIC greater flexibility
to address any future capital needs, noting that LIC has no current intention to
seek investment from a third-party investor for either LIC or LIC Agritechnology
Company Limited. If LIC wishes to introduce further equity funding from a third-
party investor for LIC or LIC Agritechnology Company Limited in the future, it would
seek Shareholder approval for it at that time. However, LIC may acquire interests
in other companies, make further minority or majority investments, and form joint
ventures from time to time as it grows and diversifies the business.
Page 20
Supporting LIC's strategy: Moving to a single class structure is an important part
of ensuring LIC Shareholders’ collective voice is heard on LIC’s strategy without the
conflicting perspectives that arise from the different rights attaching to the two
classes of Shares.
Page 20
Simplicity: Having a single Share structure will simplify the administrative
requirements for both LIC and its Shareholders and assist to make the share
structure more easily understood by LIC's stakeholders.
Page 20
What does the
Proposal involve?
Move to a single class of Shares: In broad terms, the Proposal involves
reclassifying all Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares into a single
class of Ordinary Shares.
Page 21
Need to equalise values between the classes: Because Investment Shares are
worth more than Co-operative Control Shares, Co-operative Control Shareholders
will need to invest additional capital over time to bridge this gap. This will be
done by way of an issue of additional Co-operative Control Shares to holders of
Co-operative Control Shares on a nil paid basis (Nil Paid Shares), meaning the
Shareholders receiving these Shares will owe $1 for each such Share and will be
required to pay for them over time in the way described below.
Page 21
SECTION A: OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSAL
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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TOPICSUMMARYSEE ALSO
What does the
Proposal involve?
Cont
Additional investment met from dividend flow: Co-operative Control
Shareholders will meet their additional investment obligation from dividends
paid on all Nil Paid Shares and other Ordinary Shares held to meet the Share
Standard
3
. Dividends on all other Shares, including Investment Shares
reclassified into Ordinary Shares will continue to be paid to Shareholders to do
with as they wish.
Page 23
NZAX listing: Ordinary Shares will trade on the stock exchange with a market
price and there will no longer be a $1 Co-operative Control Share. The price
of Ordinary Shares will likely move up and down over time. Importantly, if a
Shareholder is required to purchase more Shares to meet the Share Standard,
the Shares will need to be purchased via the market or from another Shareholder
(unless LIC decides in the future to issue more Shares). The price paid for these
Shares will vary. If a Shareholder fails to purchase the Shares needed to meet
the Share Standard, LIC will purchase the necessary Shares on behalf of the
Shareholder.
Page 23
Share Standard reset: The Share Standard will be reset to one Share for
every $6.25 of Qualifying Expenditure from the current $1 of share capital for
every $25 of Qualifying Expenditure. The Nil Paid Shares to be issued to Co-
operative Control Shareholders on Implementation can be used to meet the
Share Standard so all Shareholders will automatically meet the Share Standard
following Implementation. Going forward, Shareholders will be required to
purchase additional Shares if required to do so to meet the Share Standard. The
price of the Shares will have no effect on the number of Shares a Shareholder is
required to hold under the Share Standard and the new Share Standard will test
compliance by reference to the number of Shares rather than their value.
Page 24
Constitutional changes: The Proposal will result in a relatively substantial
number of changes to LIC's Constitution. Most of the changes are consequential
– that is, they reflect the key elements of the Proposal described in this
document. Some changes have also been made to increase the flexibility of the
Board's decision-making ability with respect to changes to the Share Standard,
Minimum Purchases Amount and Qualifying Products and Services.
Page 26
What are the
conditions to the
Proposal?
The Proposal will only take effect if approved by holders of Co-operative Control
Shares and Investment Shares, each to a level of 75% of the votes received. The
changes to the Constitution are subject to Ministerial consent.
Page 27
How will the
Proposal be
implemented?
Implementation of the Proposal, if approved by Shareholders, will take place in
July 2018 as part of the 2018 Annual Update (except for Resolution 2(a) which will
take effect immediately upon approval of the Resolutions).
Before the Reclassification takes effect, Shareholders' current holdings of
Co-operative Control Shares will be adjusted by reference to their Qualifying
Expenditure in the 2017/2018 season.
Page 27
SECTION A: OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSAL
3. If a Shareholder wishes to sell a Nil Paid Share before it has been paid up through dividends or otherwise, that Shareholder will need to pay it up out of their own resources
before it can be sold. See page [ ] for more information.
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Summary of Impact of the Proposal
A detailed comparison of the rights attaching to each of the Co-operative Control Shares, the Investment Shares and the
Ordinary Shares is set out in Schedule 1. A summary of the key impacts on Co-operative Control Shareholders and the Investment
Shareholders is set out below.
Impact of the Proposal on Existing Shareholders
WHAT DO I HAVE THAT IS CHANGING? WHAT DO I GET?
Co-operative
Control
Shareholders
Your Co-operative Control Shares.A Shareholder will receive, for each
Co-operative Control Share they hold:
• One fully paid Ordinary Share; and
• Three Nil Paid Shares. Nil Paid Shares
must be paid up over time but have full
dividend and voting rights even while not
fully paid.
For example: A Shareholder holding 20
Co-operative Control Shares will receive
20 Ordinary Shares and 60 Nil Paid Shares.
They will have an outstanding liability on
their Nil Paid Shares of $1 per Share.
Co-operative Control Share priority dividend
(based on the first mortgage lending rate of LIC's
principal banks in respect of secured loans made
to dairy farmers) and priority rights to capital on
liquidation.
A right to any dividends declared by LIC
largely determined by reference to LIC’s
profits. These will be paid equally to all
Shareholders (there will be no priority).
Dividends received on all Nil Paid Shares and
any Ordinary Shares held to meet the Share
Standard must be applied to pay up the Nil
Paid Shares. See page 27 for an example.
The right and obligation to redeem Co-operative
Control Shares at nominal value of $1.
Co-operative Control Shareholders currently do
not share in any capital appreciation.
For example: If a Co-operative Control
Shareholder holding 1,000 Co-operative Control
Shares has reduced their Qualifying Expenditure in
the last season so that it is required and permitted
to hold only 800 Co-operative Control Shares, they
must redeem the excess 200 Co-operative Control
Shares by returning them to LIC and receiving $1
per Share, or $200 in total.
Shares may no longer be redeemed and must
be sold to another Shareholder directly or
on the share market at the prevailing market
price. Shares will benefit from any capital
appreciation but may also reduce in value.
If a Shareholder is required to purchase
further Shares in the future in order to meet
the Share Standard, they will need to be
bought at the then prevailing market price.
For example: If a Shareholder holding
1,000 Shares has reduced their Qualifying
Expenditure in the last season in such a way
that it is now required to hold only 800 Shares
under the new Share Standard, they may
choose to:
• sell the excess 200 Shares, provided
these Shares are fully paid, on the NZAX
or directly to another Shareholder. Those
Shares would be sold at market price; or
• retain those Shares.
SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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WHAT DO I HAVE THAT IS CHANGING? WHAT DO I GET?
Voting rights. Co-operative Control Shareholders
currently hold 100% of voting rights (other than
with respect to matters affecting the rights of the
Investment Shareholders).
The Proposal will result in voting rights on
all Shares. Co-operative Control Shares will
be reclassified into Ordinary Shares holding
voting rights. Because Investment Shares
will also be reclassified into Ordinary Shares
with voting rights, the total voting rights
attributable to the Co-operative Control
Shares will be diluted. Based on the current
ratio of Co-operative Control Shares to
Investment Shares, it is expected that Co-
operative Control Shares (together with any
Nil Paid Shares issued as part of the Proposal)
will collectively be attributed approximately
18% of total votes following Implementation.
The final percentage will be determined once
adjustments are made to the total number of
Co-operative Control Shares at the time of
the 2018 Annual Update. LIC does not expect
that change to be material but it could vary by
several percent.
Control over Director appointments. The Proposal will give voting rights to all
Shareholders who will be able to participate
in all voting decisions, including Director
appointments, in a manner provided in the
New Constitution.
Investment
Shareholders
Your Investment Shares. A Shareholder will receive four fully paid
Ordinary Shares for each Investment Share
they hold.
A dividend declared by LIC, after payment of the
priority dividend payable to holders of the Co-
operative Control Shares.
A right to any dividends declared by LIC
largely determined by LIC’s profit. The
Proposal will ensure all Shares have equal
dividend rights, with no priority. Based on
the current ratio of Investment Shares to
Co-operative Control Shares, it is expected
that Investment Shares will collectively
be attributed approximately 82% of the
total dividend rights immediately following
Implementation. The final percentage will be
determined once adjustments are made to the
total number of Co-operative Control Shares
at the time of the 2018 Annual Update.
Investment Shareholders currently have no voting
rights except with respect to matters affecting the
rights of the Investment Shareholders.
As explained above, the Proposal will
give full voting rights on all Shares.
Upon Implementation, former Investment
Shareholders will collectively hold
approximately 82% of voting rights
(including Director appointment rights).
The final percentage will be determined once
adjustments are made to the total number
of Co-operative Control Shares at the time of
the 2018 Annual Update.
SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL
Impact of the Proposal on Existing Shareholders
14
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LIC
—
NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report
SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL
Northington Partners Limited
Mergers, Acquisitions & Divestments • Debt & Equity Capital Raising • Corporate Finance
9 February 2018
The Board of Directors
Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited
Private Bag 3016
Hamilton 3240
Dear Directors
Introduction
Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (“LIC” or the “Company”) is a user-owned co-operative
that develops, produces and markets artificial breeding, genetics, farm software, farm automation
and herd testing services to over 10,000 New Zealand dairy farmers and international customers.
The Company currently has two classes of shares:
▪ “Co-operative Control Shares” – 100% owned by LIC customers, who must subscribe for
shares with a nominal value equal to 4% of their Qualifying Expenditure with the Company
over the preceding dairy season; and
▪ “Investment Shares” - lis ted on the NZAX market, with trading restricted to Co-operative
Control Shareholders.
In response to inherent conflicts between the holders of the two classes of shares, LIC began a
comprehensive review of its share structure two years ago. A number of alternative structures have
been evaluated and the LIC Board has now resolved to proceed with a proposal to simplify the
Company’s capital structure and move to a single class of Ordinary Shares (the “Proposal”).
The LIC Board has commissioned Northington Partners Limited (“Northington Partners”) to
prepare an Independent Appraisal Report (“IAR”) in relation to the Proposal. While a report is not
formally required from a regulatory point of view, it will be made available to all shareholders to
ensure that they are appropriately informed when deciding whether or not to approve the relevant
resolutions in relation to the Proposal.
The principal purpose of the IAR is to provide an independent assessment of the rationale for the
Proposal, its merits and the fairness to the holders of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment
Shares respectively. These issues are all considered within the context of the current purpose and
potential future strategy of the Company.
This letter summarises the findings of our IAR.
Summary of the Proposal
Full details of the Proposal are set out in the Notice of Special Meeting and Explanatory
Memorandum (“Notice of Meeting”) including a description of the background and purpose of the
Proposal, as well as details on the mechanics of the process and the impact of the changes for
each individual shareholder.
Table 1 summarises the key features of the two share classes currently on issue.
Auckland
+64 9 913 4600
Level 26, 151 Queen St
PO Box 105-384
Auckland 1143
Christchurch
+64 3 378 2105
L4, 70 Gloucester Street
PO Box 13-804
Christchurch 8011
www.northington.co.nz
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
—
SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
|
15
SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 2
Summary of our Assessment
Table 1: Summary of Key Features of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares
Feature Co-operative Control Shares Investment Shares
Shares on
Issue
6,281,892 (18% of total shares on issue) 29,528,590 (82% of total shares on issue)
Voting
Rights
1
Full standard voting rights Voting rights only in respect of matters
affecting their rights and in the event of a
liquidation of the Company
Dividend
Policy
Receive preferred dividends based on
Westpac New Zealand’s farm first mortgage
interest rates (to the extent they are paid)
Receive ordinary dividends based on LIC’s
financial performance
Ownership
Requirement
Must hold shares with aggregate nominal
value equal to 4% of expenditure on LIC’s
qualifying products or services (assuming
this expenditure is more than $500)
No obligation to own Investment Shares
Ownership
Restrictions
Cannot be traded; shares are issued or
redeemed by the Company so that
customers remain compliant with the Share
Standard
Can only be traded between Co-operative
Control shareholders. A shareholder can
own a maximum of 5% of Investment Shares
on issue and must sell within two years of no
longer holding Co-operative Control Shares
Number of
Shareholders
10,212 6,691
Share
Trading and
Redemption
Issued and redeemed by LIC at a nominal
value of $1.00 per share
Traded on the NZAX through registered
brokers or directly between shareholders off-
market
1
Any single shareholder is limited to 1% of total voting rights.
Under the Proposal, all shares in LIC will be reclassified into a single class of shares which are
Ordinary Shares. The steps involved in the process are set out in the Notice of Meeting under the
section titled “What does the Proposal involve” and are designed to deliver an outcome whereby
the aggregate number (and value) of Ordinary Shares held by each group of shareholders is
consistent with the number of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares that are
currently on issue.
Summary of our Assessment of the Proposal
A full assessment of the merits of the Proposed Transaction for LIC shareholders is set out in the
IAR which accompanies the Notice of Meeting sent to LIC shareholders. Table 2 below summarises
the conclusions contained in the IAR.
Table 2: Summary of Conclusions
Item Key Conclusions
Overview
▪ The current share structure creates potential conflicts between the Co-operative
Control Shares and the Investment Shares, which in turn gives rise to a number of
issues for the on-going management and governance of the Company.
▪ The key conflicts relate to shareholders at two ends of the Co-operative Control
Share and Investment Share ownership spectrum (those having the majority of
their investment in LIC weighted to either class). Shareholders weighted to Co-
operative Control Shares have greater voting rights but a limited share in the future
prospects of the Company or exposure to the potential financial benefits of LIC’s
recent transformation programme and new growth opportunities. Conversely, those
shareholders with more Investment Shares obtain a greater share of the economic
value of LIC and its potential future growth with no ability to control the strategy or
direction of the Company.
▪ These potential conflicts are exacerbated by the fact that the shareholders do not
own the same proportions of the two share classes; for example, about 36% of
shareholders only hold Co-operative Control Shares, while another 31% are
overweight in Investment Shares (own a higher ratio of Investment Shares
16
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LIC
—
NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Summary of the Independent Adviser’s Report Cont
SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 3
Summary of our Assessment
Item Key Conclusions
compared to the overall ratio of 18% Co-operative Control Shares / 82%
Investment Shares).
▪ We believe that simplifying the capital structure to one class of share now is a
sensible goal. Doing so will eliminate the conflict, preserve the company’s co-
operative principles and allow the Company to focus on a strategy designed to
benefit all shareholders equally.
▪ Unfortunately, the proposed implementation process is relatively complicated and
has different impacts for different groups of shareholders, largely dependent on the
relative holding of Co-operative Control Shares compared to Investment Shares.
▪ Those shareholders who currently only own Co-operative Control Shares are likely
to do so simply to meet the Share Standard required to access LIC’s goods and
services. The Proposal results in these farmers both increasing their investment in
LIC through Nil Paid Shares (in essence, an interest free loan from the Company)
and, given the terms of the Ordinary Shares, effectively converting their exposure
to the Company to more of a standard commercial interest. This commercial focus
is more in line with the current objectives of the Investment Shares.
▪ While some of the current shareholders who are underweight in Investment Shares
may view the consequences of the Proposal negatively, we suggest that the
impacts on an individual basis are relatively limited. Most farmers’ investment in
LIC is not very material in the context of their overall farming operations and the
Proposal will not significantly change that position.
▪ Those shareholders overweight in Investment Shares are giving up some
economic value in LIC through a reduced share of the future profits of the
Company but obtain voting rights that will provide greater influence over the
strategy and future direction of the Company (including the ability to vote on
director appointments). This change will ensure Investment Shareholders have
greater ability to preserve their economic interests.
▪ When considered across all LIC shareholders, we conclude that the benefits of the
Proposal outweigh the potential negative impacts for some groups of existing
shareholders.
Relative Value
Attributed to
Investment
Shares
▪ Implementation of the Proposal requires an assessment of the current intrinsic
value of the Investment Shares compared to the $1.00 nominal value attributed to
the Co-operative Control Shares. The relative value attributed to each share class
is important because it determines how much of the total economic value of the
business is allocated to each group of shareholders as part of the Proposal.
▪ Based on a range of factors, including independent expert advice, the LIC Board
has attributed a relative value of $4.00 to each Investment Share. This is broadly in
line with our assessed value range for the Investment Shares of between $3.81
and $4.88 per share, with a mid-point of $4.34.
▪ We therefore conclude that the adopted Investment Share value of $4.00 per share
is fair to all shareholders.
Impact on
Control
Position of the
Company
▪ Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the Company are
attached to the Co-operative Control Shares. Following completion of the Proposal,
all Ordinary Shares on issue will have voting rights and the distribution of voting
rights amongst shareholders will change.
▪ The Proposal would have no impact on the control position if all shareholders held
the same ratio of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares. However,
the shareholders who are underweight in Investment Shares will end up with a
lower level of voting rights and those with an overweight position in Investment
Shares will increase their relative voting control.
▪ These changes for individual farmers are not material. No shareholder currently
has a significant control position in LIC and the Proposal will not change that
position at an individual farmer level.
▪ However, the overall control position for the group of farmers who currently only
own Co-operative Control Shares will be materially affected, moving from 40% of
the total voting rights on issue down to 7%. Conversely, the total voting rights
currently held by those shareholders who are characterised as being overweight in
Investment Shares will increase from 26% to 69%.
▪ That means that a significant block of voting rights will effectively be transferred
from a group of shareholders who currently have limited commercial interest in the
Company (via either zero or a limited position in Investment Shares) to those that
are currently most focused on commercial outcomes (holding a relatively high
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
—
SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
|
17
SECTION A: SUMMARY OF IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 4
Summary of our Assessment
Item Key Conclusions
number of Investment Shares). In effect these shareholders are giving up their
voting interests in exchange for a greater entitlement to the future profits of LIC.
▪ While these changes are important, we note that if the Proposal does go ahead, all
shareholders should then be uniformly focused on commercial returns irrespective
of their current relative holdings in Co-operative Control Shares and Investment
Shares.
Other
Implications for
LIC
Shareholders
The Proposal will have a range of other potential implications for all LIC shareholders:
▪ Share Standard: A number of changes to the current Share Standard are
proposed as part of the Proposal. We believe that these will provide some benefits
to both the Company and its shareholders in the future and will be implemented in
a way which has limited short-term impact on the current shareholders.
▪ Market Price Risk: All Ordinary Shares will be subject to market price risk and
may trade at prices above or below the implied issue price at inception (which is
based on the assessed $4.00 value of the Investment Shares). The risk is
especially relevant to farmers who may be looking to retire in the short term and
will therefore need to sell all of their shares. In relation to the nil paid Ordinary
Shares issued in exchange for Co-operative Control Shares, it is possible that a
retiring farmer will need to pay-up the share to $1.00 and then sell the share on-
market at a lower price.
▪ Liquidity: While the Investment Shares are currently listed on the NZAX market,
liquidity is extremely low. We believe that there could be a higher level of liquidity
in the Ordinary Shares following the Proposal, but note that the improvement is
likely to be modest.
▪ Dividends Returns: Shareholders will be giving up the preferred dividend on their
Co-operative Control Shares for ordinary dividends meaning all shareholders’
future dividends will be directly linked to the future financial performance of LIC.
While LIC paid no dividends on Co-operative Control or Investment Shares in
FY17, assuming future dividends in-line with historic averages, shareholders with
no Investment Shares (or underweight Investment Shares) will receive a greater
share of future total dividends and shareholders overweight Investment Shares will
suffer a modest level of dilution in exchange for greater control. Shareholders with
a relatively balanced level of Co-operative Control to Investment Shares will
receive similar dividend returns to what they do currently.
Conclusion
On balance, we believe that the Proposal is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders
and the Company. While the impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for some groups of
shareholders depending on their current relative investment in Co-operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects. The current
dual share structure gives rise to a potentially serious conflict of interest between the two
shareholder groups and poses a considerable barrier to meeting the objectives of the Company.
The reclassification to one class of Ordinary Shares will ensure that the Company can retain its co-
operative principles while focusing on a future strategy that optimises the outcomes for all
shareholders.
Yours faithfully
Northington Partners Limited
Greg Anderson
Director
+64 9 302-6211 | +64 27 457-6780
greg.anderson@northington.co.nz
18
|
LIC
—
NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
The Proposal in more detail
Why does LIC need a single share structure?
History
In 2003, LIC Shareholders voted to move to two classes of
Shares – Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares.
The share structure change was driven by a number of reasons
at the time including:
• a desire to give Shareholders a greater share in the
Co-operative’s value;
• providing Shareholders choice over the degree of their
exposure to investment risk; and
• supporting a strategy of growth and giving LIC more
options to raise capital in the future.
These were all legitimate issues at the time but, 14 years on,
the circumstances and LIC have evolved.
In 2015 and 2016, an LIC roadshow canvassed Shareholders’
views about strategy and the longer term needs of LIC. In
particular, the different growth and earnings profiles, and
the capital requirements of key parts of the business were
discussed. The proposal was made to separate the company
into two – its core genetics and its agri-technology businesses.
That legal separation took place in December 2016, although it
has not been implemented structurally.
During the course of that roadshow, the Board received
considerable Shareholder feedback to the effect that the
interests of the co-operative and its farmers now and into
the future would be better served by a single class of Shares.
Increasingly, Shareholders are not purchasing Investment
Shares (around a third of Shareholders only hold Co-operative
Control Shares). These Shareholders are missing out on the
value created by the Company. Recent feedback has also
indicated that the current share structure is complex and not
well understood.
The Board considers the existing Share structure to be
unsustainable and that a move to a single class of Shares is the
best strategy for ensuring a strong farmer owned co-operative
with aligned incentives for all Shareholders. The Independent
Adviser’s Report also opined that “the current dual share
structure gives rise to a potentially serious conflict of interest
between the two [S]hareholder groups, and the reclassification
to one class of Ordinary Shares will ensure that [LIC] can retain
its co-operative principles while focusing on future strategy
that optimises the outcomes for all [S]hareholders”.
4
The key reasons why LIC is recommending the Proposal are
summarised below.
Protecting the Co-operative
The Proposal is intended to protect the co-operative principles
that are fundamental to LIC. Critically, LIC will remain owned
exclusively by New Zealand dairy farmer customers (except for
a limited shareholding by LIC employees, as is the case now)
5
,
and the minimum shareholding requirement will be based
on each Shareholder’s spend with LIC. At the same time,
Shareholders may continue to choose to invest more than the
minimum share requirement, just as they do now.
The new share structure will help future-proof the Co-operative
by allowing it to continue to look after its farmer Shareholders
through the core products and services it supplies, while also
earning sufficient returns to reinvest for the future.
4. See section 1.4 of the Independent Adviser’s Report.
5. The Proposal will preserve the existing right for LIC employees to hold Shares
through the employee share scheme. The total number held by all employees at
any time will be limited under the new Constitution to 5% of LIC’s Shares.
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
—
SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
|
19
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
Fairness
The Proposal is intended to remove the tension between
the two classes of Shares and create fairness in the share
structure. In broad terms, this tension is a bi-product of
the fact that the Co-operative Control Shareholders do not
benefit from capital appreciation or (in any material sense)
the profitability of LIC. At the same time, Co-operative Control
Shareholders control the voting rights, while the non-voting
Investment Shares carry all material economic rights to LIC’s
profits and surplus assets. This tension is particularly acute in
the context of the distinct growth and earnings profiles and
capital requirements of LIC’s two businesses – its core genetics
business and its agri-technology business.
In creating a single class of Shares, the Proposal allows every
Shareholder to:
• have a vote for each Share they hold which will count
towards all Shareholder decisions in the manner
provided in the New Constitution;
• share equally in all distributions and therefore in the
distributed value created through LIC’s products and
services; and
• share any capital gains as the value of the Ordinary
Shares rises among all Shareholders (acknowledging
that the Shares could go down in value). Currently, only
Investment Shareholders are able to realise any capital
appreciation on their Shares. Co-operative Control
Shares have a nominal value of $1 and are bought and
sold at that nominal value.
As a significant component of LIC’s earnings is derived from
the business it does with its Co-operative Control Shareholders,
the Board considers that, if LIC is successful in executing its
strategic initiatives and business plans, all Shareholders should
benefit from the associated dividends and appreciation in the
LIC Share price that is expected to result.
If the Proposal does not go ahead, the disparity between the
two classes of LIC Shares is expected to continue to widen
over time, with fewer Shareholders holding both Co-operative
Control and Investment Shares. What this means is LIC will be
required to balance the interests of those Shareholders who
vote on Shareholder matters, who generally want improved
products and services at an affordable price, with the interests
of those Shareholders expecting a strong financial return on
their investments. The Independent Adviser opined that, in its
view, “the status quo arrangements pose a serious impediment
to meeting the objectives of the business”.
6
6. See section 4.1 of the Independent Adviser’s Report.
20
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LIC
—
NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Capital Flexibility
While there is currently no intention to raise capital from
a third-party investor for either LIC or LIC Agritechnology
Company Limited, if LIC is required to do so in the future,
its ability to raise capital is significantly constrained by the
existing share structure. We think it is prudent to consider this
now as part of future-proofing the Co-operative.
The Proposal would provide LIC with capital flexibility to ensure
it can respond appropriately to any future funding needs and
help secure a financially sustainable future for LIC through a
stronger capital base without redemption risk, and without
requiring all Shareholders to contribute that capital.
If LIC wishes to introduce further equity funding from a third-
party investor for LIC or LIC Agritechnology Company Limited
in the future, it would seek Shareholder approval for it at that
time. However, LIC may acquire interests in other companies,
make further minority or majority investments, and form
joint ventures from time to time as it grows and diversifies
the business.
Supporting LIC’s Strategy
LIC’s purpose is empowering livestock farmers through the
delivery of superior genetics and technology. This purpose
reflects the two separate businesses within LIC – the core
genetics business and its agri-technology business.
These businesses have distinctly different growth and earnings
and risk and return profiles. They also have different capital
requirements. While nothing is currently proposed, it is
foreseeable that decisions may need to be made in the future
about capital allocation and focus, and that can only sensibly
occur with all Shareholders having one voice.
The Proposal will put in place a share structure which will better
support LIC’s strategy by ensuring that LIC Shareholders’ voice
is heard on both parts of business, without the conflicting
perspectives that arise from the two class Share structure.
Simplicity
The capital structure of any co-operative is complex and
LIC is particularly complex given the existence of the
Investment Shares.
While the Proposal in its own right has a number of elements
to it, the intention with the Proposal is to simplify the
administrative requirements for both LIC and its Shareholders.
There are a number of aspects to this:
• Having a single share structure will simplify the
administrative requirements for both LIC and its
Shareholders and it will eliminate the complexity of
having two classes of Shares with different rights.
• The Proposal seeks to minimise the steps which
Shareholders are required to take to meet the Share
Standard. This includes changes such as:
–basing the Share Standard on a three-year
average of Qualifying Expenditure instead of
an annual spend;
–a compliance window to allow Shareholders time to
acquire the necessary Ordinary Shares on-market,
with a mechanism whereby LIC will do this on behalf
of Shareholders if they fail to do so;
–introducing bands, to allow some flexibility in
customer purchases in any season without the
increased spend resulting in the Shareholder having
to purchase additional Shares to meet the Share
Standard; and
–allowing Shareholders to hold Shares in excess of the
Share Standard (except where they cease to spend
the Minimum Purchases Amount in any season or fail
to meet other Qualifying Customer criteria).
These changes are discussed in detail under the heading
Share
Standard on page 24.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
—
SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
|
21
What does the Proposal involve?
Reclassification to a Single Class of Shares
The Concept
Under the Proposal, all Shares in LIC will be reclassified into a
single class of Shares – Ordinary Shares.
The Reclassification is complex given the need to balance
Shareholders’ interests in the context of the different voting
and economic rights of the two classes of Shares and the
different values of such Shares.
Core Principles
The core principles of the Proposal are as follows:
• to align the relative values between the Co-operative
Control Shares and the Investment Shares before they
are reclassified into Ordinary Shares.
• to maintain the relative proportions between the
classes of Shares (by number) – meaning that the
Reclassification will take place on a 1:1 basis (Share
Ownership Ratio).
These core principles are discussed in more detail below.
Aligning Relative Values
To ensure that the Proposal is fair to all Shareholders, it must be
done in a way that reflects the relative rights and also the value
of each class of Shares. The Co-operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares have different values. Co-operative Control
Shares have a nominal value of $1 each. Investment Shares are
traded on the NZAX, with a price that fluctuates.
The Board has determined its view of the relative values of the
Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares after
taking external financial and valuation advice on the relative
values of the Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment
Shares. The Board has attributed a value of $4 to each
Investment Share for the purposes of the Proposal.
Maintaining the Share Ownership Ratio
The total number of LIC Shares on issue as at the date
of this document is approximately 35.8 million, comprising
approximately 6.3 million Co-operative Control Shares and
approximately 29.5 million Investment Shares. Co-operative
Control Shares therefore currently make up 18% of the total
number of Shares on issue and Investment Shares make up 82%
of the total number of Shares on issue. The Share Ownership
Ratio is therefore currently 18:82, although this will change
when Co-operative Control Shares are issued and redeemed
as part of the 2018 Annual Update. LIC does not expect
a material change to the number of Co-operative Control
Shares at the 2018 Annual Update but it could vary by several
percent. The Share Ownership Ratio used for the purposes of
Implementation will be determined by the actual ratio of Co-
operative Control Shares to Investment Shares at that point in
time.
The Board considers that the Share Ownership Ratio reflects
a fair allocation of the Ordinary Share capital between the
two classes of Shares. This is particularly so given that
Co-operative Control Shares currently hold substantively all
of the voting rights. To preserve the Share Ownership Ratio,
Co-operative Control Shareholders will be required to subscribe
for three additional Shares for each Co-operative Control
Share they hold as shown in the table on the following page.
If we consider the ratio based on the pre-2018 Annual Update
Share numbers, on Implementation, the holders of the Co-
operative Control Shares will together hold 18% of the total
voting rights and will be entitled to 18% of the total dividend.
Therefore, the holders of the Investment Shares will together
hold 82% of the total voting rights and will be entitled to 82%
of the total dividend. These percentages will, of course,
change to reflect the actual Ownership Ratio based on the
post-2018 Annual Update Share numbers, as explained above.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
22
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LIC
—
NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
18%
of shares by
number
25.2m Ordinary Shares
$
1
NIL PAID
ORD
SHARE
$
1
NIL PAID
ORD
SHARE
$
1
NIL PAID
ORD
SHARE
$
1
$
1
$
1
INV.
SHARE
INV.
SHARE
$
1
$
1
INV.
SHARE
INV.
SHARE
Co-operative Control SharesInvestment Shares
Current Position
7
$
1
6.3m x
18%
CO
-
OP
SHARE
of shares by
number
$
4
29.5m x
82%
INV.
SHARE
of shares by
number
Step 1A
8
– Aligning Value of
each Class
Subdivide each Investment Share
into 4. Align the value of the
Investment Shares and
Co-operative Control Shares
$
1
$
1
INV.
SHARE
INV.
SHARE
$
1
$
1
INV.
SHARE
INV.
SHARE
$
4
INV.
SHARE
Step 1B – Restoring the
Share Ownership Ratio
Increase the number of
Co-operative Control Shares by
raising the Share Standard and
issuing 3 nil paid Co-operative
Control Shares for each current
Co-operative Control Share
$
1
CO
-
OP
SHARE
$
1
FULLY PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
Step 2 – Reclassifying
all Shares
Reclassify each Co-operative
Control Share (including nil paid
Co-operative Control Shares)
and Investment Share into an
Ordinary Share
Post Implementation
Position
10
82%
of shares by
number
118m Ordinary Shares
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
Co-operative Control SharesOrdinary Shares
$
1
$
1
FULLY PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
ORDINARY
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
ORD
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
ORD
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
CO
-
OP
SHARE
1X
NIL PAID
ORD
SHARE
Investment SharesOrdinary Shares
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
$
1
ORDINARY
SHARE
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
7. The number of Shares and the ratio between Share classes will be determined following the 2018 Annual Update by reference to the number of Shares and the ratio of Co-
operative Control Shares to Investment Shares at that point in time.
8. As shown in the Implementation Timetable, Step 1A and Step 1B take effect simultaneously.
9. Without adjustment, Co-operative Control Shares would, as a result of the subdivision, have only approximately 5% of the Ordinary Shares – representing approximately 5%
of voting rights.
10. See note 7.
ORDINARY
SHARE
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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23
Nil Paid Shares
The nil paid Co-operative Control Shares will be issued as
part of Step 1B following the 2018 Annual Update and will
immediately be Reclassified as nil paid Ordinary Shares
(Nil Paid Shares). The Board has determined those Shares
(following Reclassification) will have the following features:
• The Shares will be issued nil paid but with a liability
outstanding on each Share of $1.
• The liability on the Nil Paid Shares will be called and paid
over time from dividends declared and paid by LIC on
Ordinary Shares held from time to time to meet the Share
Standard (and such additional amounts as a Shareholder
wishes to apply towards the outstanding liability). This
additional investment required to pay up such Shares will
bridge the value gap between the Co-operative Control
Shares and Investment Shares.
• Each Nil Paid Share will carry full voting rights and the
right to a full dividend.
• Each Nil Paid Share will count towards meeting the
Share Standard.
• If a Shareholder wishes to transfer an Ordinary Share
that is not fully paid, they will need to pay it up fully
before the transfer
11
. A Nil Paid Share may not be traded
on the NZAX platform until it is paid up in full.
Shareholders should note that in the unlikely event that LIC
fell into such significant financial difficulties that it was placed
into liquidation, the liquidator would be entitled to call up
the unpaid balance of any Nil Paid Shares existing at that
time. Similarly, the unpaid balance will have to be paid if the
Shareholder leaves LIC, at which time that Shareholder will
be required to sell their Ordinary Shares. The unpaid balance
of any Nil Paid Share will not be affected by any changes in
the trading price of Ordinary Shares (i.e. Shareholders may
need to pay more than the trading price when they exit the
Co-operative).
Shareholders should recognise that these risks need to be
considered in the context of market-based pricing (which may
be above or below the Nil Paid Share issue price of $1), the
potential for capital appreciation, and the other aspects of the
Proposal as a whole.
NZAX Listing and Share Trading of Fully Paid Ordinary Shares
Fully Paid Ordinary Shares will trade on the NZAX platform, as
the Investment Shares currently do. The price of those Shares
will likely move up and down over time.
If a Shareholder is required to purchase more Ordinary Shares
to meet the Share Standard in the future, the Shares will
need to be sourced on-market at the then applicable market
price or off-market from another Shareholder. Similarly, if a
Shareholder ceases to be a customer of LIC, that customer’s
Shares will need to be sold on or off-market. Shareholders will
be entitled to sell, at any time, any Ordinary Shares they hold
over and above what is needed to meet the Share Standard.
Shareholders will need to establish a relationship with a broker
if they need to purchase or sell Ordinary Shares on-market.
Just as is the case currently for trading in the Investment
Shares, a broker engaged to buy or sell Shares on behalf of a
Shareholder will charge that Shareholder a brokerage fee for
this service.
LIC will have the discretion to issue Ordinary Shares from time
to time should it decide it needs to do so. This discretion may,
by way of example, be exercised if there is a material demand
and supply imbalance adversely affecting Shareholders or if
LIC wishes to raise capital from Shareholders more generally.
The Proposal does not give LIC the right to issue Shares to any
person other than a current customer or participant in one of
the Company’s share schemes.
Under the Proposal:
• LIC will have the right to compulsorily purchase,
or procure the purchase of, Shares on behalf of a
Shareholder who has not shared up to meet their Share
Standard obligation by 15 October in any year (this is
the Compliance Date, which is three months after 15
July – the target date by which LIC typically notifies
Shareholders of how many Shares they need to purchase
to meet the Share Standard). In certain circumstances,
LIC may not be able to notify Shareholders by 15 July but
will do so as soon as practicable thereafter.
• The period for those Shareholders, who have ceased to
be customers meeting the Minimum Purchases Amount,
to sell their Shares will reduce from 24 months to around
16 and a half months, to align with the same 15 October
date. LIC can compulsorily sell those Shares on behalf of
the relevant Shareholder should the Shareholder fail to
sell them by that date.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
11. The Board reserves the right to approve the transfer of Nil Paid Shares before
they have been paid up in full, which it expects to exercise in exceptional
circumstances only.
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
• The dates have been aligned to assist any compulsory
transaction process as it is LIC’s intention (but not
its obligation) to net the compulsory buys and sells
off against each other and then seek to transact the
outstanding balance (which could be a buy or sell)
through the market. On occasion, LIC may choose to
reduce any outstanding balance by issuing, buying or
selling Shares for its own account as required.
There will be no defined period for the process to be completed
but ultimately all the compulsory buys and sells will be
transacted at the same volume weighted-average price as was
achieved in the market. Shareholders should be aware that if
there is a large number of Shares to buy or sell this may take
some time to complete and it may also have an effect on the
LIC Share price during this period, despite any efforts that LIC
may make to minimise this.
Where LIC is required to instruct a broker to buy Shares on
behalf of a Shareholder, this will be done in substantively
the same manner as is currently undertaken for the Dividend
Reinvestment Plan and Voluntary Investment Scheme operated
by LIC. LIC will in effect calculate the required number of
Shares and then instruct a broker, currently Craigs Investment
Partners (Craigs), to acquire those Shares on-market as and
when appropriate. The length of time that Craigs is in the
market buying Shares will depend on the number of Shares to
be acquired and the number of Shares being offered into
the market by or on behalf of selling Shareholders at the
relevant time.
From an implementation perspective, while Craigs is in the
market acquiring the Shares and until all necessary Shares
are purchased, any purchased Shares will be held on trust by
an Approved Holding Entity (currently, NZ Guardian Trust).
Once all necessary Shares are purchased, the Shares will
be transferred from the trust entity to the new owners (i.e.
Shareholders). The Share price paid by the new owners will be
set by reference to the average price achieved on all Shares
purchased, being the volume weighted average price.
The key difference from the existing Share purchasing schemes
going forward will be that there will likely be more Shares
available for sale at any given time. This will be due to the
Ordinary Shares not being redeemable (unlike the existing Co-
operative Control Shares) and the Shareholders remaining free
to sell any Shares they hold in excess of the Share Standard.
The Proposal also aligns the window for selling and buying
Shares to promote availability of Shares on the market during
the period of high demand.
Market Share Price and Dividend Distribution
As part of the Proposal, all fully paid Shares will be listed on
NZAX, providing market pricing.
Reflecting its strong linkage to the financial health of the dairy
sector and the agricultural sector more generally and other
risks set out in Schedule 3, LIC’s earnings, and therefore its
dividends, can display significant volatility. For example, LIC
paid a dividend of 6.4365 cents in 2017, paid no dividend in
2016, and paid its highest ever dividend of 54.9142 cents
in 2013.
Unsurprisingly, given the dividend history, the Investment
Share price has also exhibited similar volatility. For example,
in the past 12 months, the Investment Share price has
fluctuated between $2.10 and $2.65, but was as high as
$8.00 in May 2014.
Share Standard
The following changes are proposed to be made to the Share
Standard under the Proposal:
• The Share Standard is being increased by a factor
of four.
• The Minimum Purchases Amount before the Share
Standard applies is being increased to $1,000 (although
existing Shareholders whose spend is between $500
and $999 will be unaffected until they exceed $1,000,
at which point they will become bound by a Minimum
Purchases Amount of $1,000).
• The Share Standard will be based on a three-year
average of Qualifying Expenditure rather than the
previous year’s expenditure, as is currently the case.
• Shareholders will not be required to sell down Shares
held in excess of the Share Standard.
• Shareholders whose Qualifying Expenditure in the most
recent year is above, but whose three-year average is
below, the Minimum Purchases Amount, will be allowed
(but not obligated) to buy Shares.
• A compliance window is being introduced to allow
Shareholders required to share up time to acquire
the necessary Ordinary Shares on-market. If any
Shareholder fails to do so, LIC will do this on behalf of
that Shareholder by acquiring the relevant Shares in the
manner described on the previous page and charging
their LIC debtor accounts with LIC the purchase price
and any associated costs, or alternatively issuing new
Shares to the Shareholder.
• The Share Standard will apply subject to bands, to
allow some flexibility in customer purchases in any
season without the purchase resulting in the Shareholder
having to purchase additional Shares to meet the
Share Standard.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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25
These changes are described in more detail below.
Increased Share Standard
The Share Standard is being increased so that it captures the
share capital currently represented by Co-operative Control
Shares plus the additional capital which the Proposal requires
Co-operative Control Shareholders to pay up on their Nil Paid
Shares over time. This additional capital is the capital that will
be paid up from future LIC dividends.
To give customers ongoing certainty around the number of
Ordinary Shares they must hold for a given level of Qualifying
Expenditure, the Share Standard will be expressed in terms of
the dollar value of goods and services to which ownership of
an Ordinary Share (as opposed to amount paid on that
Share as is currently the case) entitles the Shareholder.
As a result of the increase in the Share Standard and this
change, the Share Standard will change from One
Co-operative Control Share (with a nominal value of $1) for
each $25 of Qualifying Expenditure to one Share for every
$6.25 of Qualifying Expenditure.
For example, a Shareholder with a Qualifying Expenditure
of $10,000 is currently required to hold $400 worth of
Co-operative Control Shares, being 400 Shares. From
Implementation, a Shareholder with a Qualifying Expenditure
of $10,000 will now be required to hold 1,600 Ordinary
Shares. While this is higher than the existing Share Standard,
the Proposal will not, on Implementation, require current
Shareholders to invest any additional capital. The reason for
this is that Nil Paid Shares issued as part of the Proposal will be
considered to satisfy the Share Standard
12
.
New customers and Shareholders increasing their Qualifying
Expenditure in the 2017/2018 season will need to share up
based on the current Share Standard before the new Share
Standard comes into effect. See the
Implementation Timetable
for the Proposal section on page 9 of this document for
more details.
Any Investment Shares which are reclassified into Ordinary
Shares as part of the Proposal may also be used to meet the
Share Standard.
Minimum Purchases Amount
As part of the Proposal, the Minimum Purchases Amount will
be increased from $500 to $1,000. The existing Minimum
Purchases Amount threshold has been in place since 2002 and
the Board believes it is appropriate to increase it given the
costs and administration requirements associated with holding
such a small parcel of Shares.
Existing customers of LIC who currently do not meet the
proposed higher Minimum Purchases Amount will be unaffected
by the increase in the Minimum Purchases Amount threshold.
This means any Shareholders whose Qualifying Expenditure is
currently between $500 and $999 will be exempt from having
to comply with the new Minimum Purchases Amount standard
in order to hold their existing Ordinary Shares, provided they
continue to meet the existing $500 Minimum Purchases Amount
threshold. Once their Qualifying Expenditure exceeds $1,000,
they will be bound to a $1,000 Minimum Purchases Amount.
A new customer may apply to become a Shareholder once they
exceed the Minimum Purchases Amount in any season.
Move to a Three-Year Average
Under the Proposal, the Share Standard will be based on a
three-year average of Qualifying Expenditure rather than
exclusively on the previous year’s Qualifying Expenditure as is
currently the case. The three-year average will be relevant in
relation to the obligation to meet the Share Standard for any
season commencing from the 2017/2018 season. This removes
any immediate obligation for a Shareholder to trade at, or soon
after, launch of the new arrangements.
For new farmers joining LIC, or Shareholders increasing their
Qualifying Expenditure, it will take up to three years for the
Share Standard to fully reflect the spend, thereby allowing
the Shareholder to spread their Share purchases over that
same period.
Shareholders will not be Required to Sell Down Shares Held in
Excess of the Share Standard
From Implementation, Shareholders will not be required to sell
Shares held in excess of the Share Standard but may sell those
surplus Shares on or off market if they wish (except for Nil Paid
Shares which must first be paid in full).
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
12. Existing Shareholders may still be required to share up to the current Share
Standard by reference to their Qualifying Expenditure in the 2017/2018 season.
This sharing up process will be undertaken before the new share standard
comes into effect and Nil Paid shares are issued.
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Introducing Bands
To avoid the need for Shareholders to purchase a small number
of Shares to reach the new Share Standard each year in
circumstances where there is a small change in the customer’s
Qualifying Expenditure, the Proposal introduces bands.
Qualifying Expenditure will be measured in uniform $5,000
bands
13
, meaning Shareholders will not need to adjust their
Shareholdings, unless there has been a material change in
their spending with LIC (i.e. unless the Shareholder passes
through the upper end of the relevant band).
For example, if a Shareholder’s spend changes from $5,000
in one year to $7,000 in the next year, the Shareholder will not
need to buy additional Shares. In this example, they will only
be required to buy further Shares if their spending increases to
$10,000 or more.
The primary advantage of banding is that it reduces the
number of purchases Shareholders have to make, and makes
it easier for the Shareholders to predict their required LIC
Shareholding each year.
Compliance Date
Under the Constitution, LIC is required every year to notify
Co-operative Control Shareholders by 15 July, or as soon as
reasonably practicable thereafter, how many Co-operative
Control Shares they are required to subscribe for, for them to
meet the Share Standard. Such Shares are subscribed for and
issued each year as part of the Annual Update. Compliance
is determined by reference to Qualifying Expenditure in the
preceding season ending 31 May.
Under the Proposal, Shareholders will continue to be
notified as soon as practicable after 15 July in any year
how many Ordinary Shares they need to hold and will have
until 15 October in that year to purchase such number of
Ordinary Shares to meet the Share Standard. This provides
Shareholders with a trading window to share up after
notification.
LIC may automatically “share up” on behalf of Shareholders
insofar as required to comply with the Share Standard, should
Shareholders fail to do so themselves. Refer to the information
on page 23 under the heading
NZAX Listing and Share Trading
of Fully Paid Ordinary Shares
for more information on this
process.
Shareholding and Voting Restrictions
• At present, the LIC Constitution includes two caps on
its shares. The first cap is a 5% ownership cap, which is
applicable to Investment Shares only. The second is a 1%
voting cap required by DIRA which applies to both
Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares.
• Under the Proposal, the 5% ownership cap would remain
and, if relevant, would override the requirement to hold
a greater number of Shares to meet the Share Standard.
Given current shareholding levels, the Proposal is not
expected to result in any Shareholder breaching this 5%
ownership cap.
LIC has engaged with the Minister of Agriculture to seek to
remove the 1% voting cap but the relevant amendment has
not yet passed through the legislative processes. It is not
clear if or when this requirement will be removed from the law.
If adopted, the New Constitution will see the 1% voting cap fall
away if and when the law is changed.
Changes to LIC’s Constitution
The Proposal will result in a substantial number of changes to
LIC’s Constitution. In broad terms, most of the changes are
consequential – that is, they reflect the key elements of the
Proposal described above and elsewhere in this document.
In addition to these consequential changes, changes have also
been made to increase the flexibility of the Board’s decision-
making ability with respect to changes to the Share Standard,
Minimum Purchases Amount and Qualifying Products and
Services. The changes are described in more detail on page 45
of this document. The Board has looked at other co-operatives
and the proposed changes broadly replicate the flexibility that
these other companies have in their own constitutions.
The proposed amendments to the Constitution would also give
LIC the necessary flexibility to migrate from NZAX onto the
NZX Main Board in the future, if required. The NZX is currently
consulting on some proposed changes to its licensed markets,
which would consolidate its existing key equity markets into a
single market.
Ministerial consent is required for these changes to proceed.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
13. Other than the initial $1,000 to $4,999 band.
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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27
Dividends
The Proposal contemplates that dividends will be paid equally
on all Shares after Implementation (regardless of whether or
not the Shares are fully paid up). Dividends will be determined
by the Board applying normal commercial principles.
LIC will make dividend payments to Shareholders based on
LIC’s profitability and balance sheet position at the time of
the proposed dividend, having regard to the future investment
plans of LIC.
On implementation of the Proposal, each Co-operative
Control Share will be reclassified into one fully paid Ordinary
Share, and each nil paid Co-operative Control Share will be
reclassified into a nil paid Ordinary Share. Any dividends paid
on Nil Paid Shares and on any Ordinary Shares required to be
held to satisfy the Share Standard will be applied to repay the
outstanding commitments on Nil Paid Shares. Shares will be
paid up incrementally (so that the amount due on account of
any dividend is used to fully pay up such number of Shares as
can be paid up) as opposed to the dividend being applied pro
rata to all outstanding Nil Paid Shares.
Customers can apply dividends on any additional Ordinary
Shares they own to pay up the Nil Paid Shares. They can also
make additional payments if they wish to pay up the Nil Paid
Shares sooner. Shareholders will need to give notice to LIC in
writing if they wish to exercise these rights.
For example, consider a Shareholder who is required to hold
1,000 Ordinary Shares under the Share Standard but in fact
holds 1,200 Ordinary Shares. Of those Ordinary Shares, 600
Shares are Nil Paid Shares, with the full $600 outstanding.
If in a particular year LIC declared a dividend which, net of
imputation credits and resident withholding tax, is equal
to $0.20 per Share, the Shareholder would be entitled to a
net dividend of $240 in total. The dividend attributable to
the 1,000 Shares held to satisfy the Share Standard ($200),
must be used to pay for the outstanding amount on the Nil
Paid Shares. This dividend would be used to pay up and fully
discharge the liability on 200 Nil Paid Shares leaving 400
unpaid. The residual $40 dividend could be retained by the
Shareholder or used to pay up a further 40 Nil Paid Shares.
How will the Proposal be Implemented?
Implementation of the Proposal, if approved by Shareholders,
will take place in July 2018 as part of the 2018 Annual Update
(except for Resolution 2(a) which will come into effect
immediately). In summary:
• Co-operative Control Shareholders will be subject to
the normal annual adjustments to their shareholdings,
by reference to Qualifying Expenditure in the 2017/2018
season and the current Share Update.
• The Proposal will be implemented immediately after the
conclusion of the 2018 Annual Update. The detailed
Implementation steps are set out on page 22.
• Investment Shares will continue to trade on the
NZAX platform until a date shortly before the 2018
Annual Update.
Details of the exact timing of the Implementation are set out in
the Implementation Timetable for the Proposal on page 9. Any
changes to the Implementation Timetable will be Announced to
the Shareholders.
Governance of LIC and Representation of Farmers
The Proposal does not involve any change to the governance
structure of LIC or the representation of farmers by the
Shareholder Council, except that, from Implementation,
all Shares will carry the right to vote.
Board of Directors
Board will consist of no more than ten Directors, comprised of:
• up to seven elected Directors who are Qualifying
Customers elected by the Ordinary Shareholders within
the region each Director represents (four regions in
total); and
• up to a further three appointed Directors. Appointed
Directors are independent and subject to the prior
approval of the Shareholder Council and ratification by
Ordinary Shareholders.
Elected Directors serve a four-year term and appointed
Directors up to a three-year term. Retiring Directors are eligible
for re-election or re-appointment.
Shareholder Council
The Shareholder Council will consist of up to twenty-one
Councillors. Each of the twenty-one wards will be represented
by one Councillor who is elected by the Ordinary Shareholders
of that ward.
Councillors serve a four-year term. Councillors retire
subject to the rotation schedule and upon retiring are eligible
for re-election.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Qualifying Expenditure
The Proposal includes flexibility for the Board to change
the Qualifying Products and Services from time to time in
consultation with the Shareholder Council, and to allow
Subsidiaries (eg LIC Agritechnology Company Limited)
to supply Qualifying Products and Services directly to
Shareholders but have the associated expenditure classed
as Qualifying Expenditure. Those products and services
supplied by the Company or any Subsidiary that are
identified by the Company in its Conditions and Service Rules
as “Qualifying Products and Services” will count towards
Qualifying Expenditure.
Taxation Implications for NZ Resident Shareholders
Tax ruling
LIC has obtained a binding ruling from Inland Revenue
concerning the Proposal. Inland Revenue has ruled that:
• the issue of Nil Paid Shares as part of the Proposal,
and the Reclassification of Co-operative Control and
Investment Shares into Ordinary Shares, will not give rise
to a dividend to Shareholders; and
• any revenue account Shareholders will not be
treated as deriving income as a consequence of the
Reclassification.
Tax on sale or disposal of Ordinary Shares
Following the Reclassification, unlike the current Co-operative
Control Shares which have a nominal value, the value of
the new, single class of Ordinary Shares will fluctuate. The
tax treatment in respect of the Ordinary Shareholders will
be the same as the existing treatment of the Investment
Shares. Shareholders will not be subject to tax on any gain (or
allowed to deduct any loss) arising from the sale or disposal
of additional Ordinary Shares acquired on the NZAX after the
restructuring unless a Shareholder:
• acquires the Shares as part of a profit-making
undertaking or scheme; or
• acquires the Shares with the dominant purpose of
selling them.
Shareholders will also not be subject to tax on any gain
(or allowed to deduct any loss) arising from the sale or
disposal of Ordinary Shares received as part of the Proposal
in replacement for Investment Shares held prior to the
Reclassification (i.e. Investment Shares that are Reclassified as
Ordinary Shares as part of the Proposal) unless:
• acquired as part of a profit-making undertaking or
scheme; or
• acquired with the dominant purpose of selling them.
In addition, Shareholders will be subject to tax on any gain (or
allowed to deduct any loss) arising from the sale or disposal
of any Ordinary Shares if the relevant Shareholder is in the
business of dealing in shares.
Distributions received from LIC on Ordinary Shares
Distributions received from LIC on Ordinary Shares will
generally be taxable dividends for New Zealand tax purposes.
Some distributions received from LIC may not be taxable
dividends (for example, non-taxable bonus issues and certain
returns of capital).
New Zealand operates an imputation regime under which
any income tax paid by LIC gives rise to credits, known as
imputation credits, which may be attached to dividends
it pays. Imputation credits attached to dividends may be
used by Shareholders to offset their tax liability in respect of
the dividends. The maximum ratio at which LIC can attach
imputation credits to dividends is 28:72 (that is, $28 of
imputation credits to $72 of cash dividend).
LIC will generally be required to deduct resident withholding tax
(RWT) from dividends it pays to Shareholders. Currently, the
rate of RWT on dividends is 33%, less the amount of imputation
credits attached to the dividend. Accordingly, where
imputation credits are attached to dividends at the maximum
permitted ratio (that is, the dividends are fully imputed), RWT
equal to 5% of the gross dividend (that is, cash plus imputation
credits) will be deducted. Where dividends are partially
imputed, the amount of RWT deducted will be greater than 5%
of the gross dividend. Shareholders will be entitled to a credit
against New Zealand income tax liability for the amount of RWT
deducted. LIC will not deduct RWT from dividends received
if a Shareholder holds a current RWT exemption certificate
and have provided a copy of that certificate to LIC before the
dividend is paid.
The tax treatment of dividends described above will apply
equally to dividends that must be used to pay up a call on
unpaid Shares received as part of the Reclassification.
Such dividends will, like other dividends, be included in a
Shareholder’s assessable income, with a credit allowed for
attached imputation credits and RWT deducted. The cash
dividend, net of imputation credits and RWT, will be applied in
satisfaction of the call.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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Overview of the Structure Post Reclassification
CONSIDERATIONCHANGE?FURTHER DETAILS
Share
Standard
Share Standard quantified Ye sPre Reclassification: $1 of Share capital for
each $25 of Qualifying Expenditure.
Post Reclassification: 1 Ordinary Share for
each $6.25 of Qualifying Expenditure.
Note:
• Shareholders will have three years to
share up;
• On Implementation (and following the
2018 Annual Update to reflect any
increased spend during the 2017/2018
season), all Shareholders will satisfy the
new Share Standard;
• Ordinary Shares Reclassified from
Investment Shares will also count for the
purposes of the Share Standard.
Qualifying ExpenditureYe sQualifying Expenditure will be measured in
uniform $5,000 bands
14
rather than a specific
amount of expenditure.
Time period on which the Share Standard is
based
Ye sMove to three-year average as opposed to
just the prior year.
Compliance Date for meeting the Share
Standard
Ye sPre Reclassification: 15 July
Post Reclassification: 15 October
Consequence of a Shareholder not sharing
up by the Compliance Date
Yes The Shareholder will have until the
Compliance Date to share up after notification
of the number of Shares they need to acquire
to meet the Share Standard.
If the Shareholder does not hold the required
number of Shares by the Compliance Date,
LIC will seek to acquire the shortfall on behalf
of the Shareholder but retains the right to
instead issue new Shares to the Shareholder.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
14. Except for the initial band between $1,000 and $4,999.
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Overview of the Structure Post Reclassification
CONSIDERATIONCHANGE?FURTHER DETAILS
Share
Ownership
Minimum Purchases Amount to be entitled to
become a Shareholder
Ye sThe Minimum Purchases Amount threshold
will increase from $500 to $1,000, although
existing Shareholders will be unaffected, as
explained on page 25.
Date from which new customers can buy
their Shares
Ye sAs soon as the customer passes the Minimum
Purchases Amount threshold, they can apply
to be a Shareholder and can buy Shares,
provided they meet all other Shareholder
requirements (which are not changing).
Period for exiting customers to sell their
Shares
Ye sShareholders will not be required to sell
their Shares unless they cease to spend
the Minimum Purchases Amount (except for
existing Shareholders below that threshold
who will be unaffected) or are no longer a
supplier to a New Zealand milk processor.
Exiting Shareholders will be given until 15
October in the second year after the end of
the relevant season (i.e. approximately 16
and a half months after the end of the season
in which they did not spend the Minimum
Purchases Amount) to sell their Shares.
Consequence of an exiting Shareholder not
selling their Shares within the required period
NoLIC will be entitled to sell the Shares
on-market on the Shareholder’s behalf.
LIC retains the rights to buy back such
Shares instead.
Share
Trading
Shares will be listed on NZAX Ye sPreviously, only the Investment Shares
were listed. The new Ordinary Shares will be
listed instead.
Sourcing of Shares Ye sShare purchases will be sourced from the
market or from a Shareholder looking to sell
its Ordinary Shares at the prevailing market
price. LIC reserves the right to issue new
Ordinary Shares.
DividendDividend entitlementYe sAll Shares will have an equal dividend
entitlement.
100% of dividends received on Nil Paid Shares
and any Ordinary Shares held to meet the
Share Standard must be applied in paying up
outstanding obligations on Nil Paid Shares.
Voting /
Ownership
restrictions
Voting restrictionsYe sRetain 1% cap only while the relevant
provisions of DIRA remain in force. If the
restriction is removed from DIRA in the future,
the 1% voting restriction will no longer apply to
LIC Shareholders but they will still be subject
to the ownership restriction described below.
Ownership restrictionsNoRetain 5% cap but this is applied across all
Relevant Interests.
SECTION A: THE PROPOSAL IN MORE DETAIL
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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SECTION B:
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Notice of Special Meeting
SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING
Notice is given that a special meeting of the
Shareholders of Livestock Improvement Corporation
Limited will be held at LIC’s Tempero Centre, Cnr.
Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads, Newstead, Hamilton
on Wednesday 14 March 2018 commencing at 10.30 am,
with registration from 9.30 am.
Resolutions
Resolution 1:
To increase the Share Standard, issue new nil paid
Co-operative Control Shares and subdivide the
Investment Shares
As an ordinary resolution to be passed by eligible
holders of Co-operative Control Shares:
“That, the Co-operative Control Shareholders confirm
and approve in each case:
a. that the Co-operative Control Shareholding
Requirement be increased by a factor of four for
the purposes of implementing the Proposal;
b. that the Company issue to Co-operative Control
Shareholders such number of Co-operative
Control Shares as required to meet the
new Co-operative Control Shareholding
Requirement, on a nil paid basis; and
c. that each Investment Share be subdivided into
four Investment Shares,
each in accordance with the Implementation
Timetable, and subject to the passing of Resolution 2,
and the approval by the Minister of Agriculture of the
proposed changes to the existing Constitution.”
Resolution 2:
To amend the existing Constitution, reclassify Shares
as Ordinary Shares and adopt New Constitution
As a special resolution to be passed by separate
interest groups comprising the eligible holders of
Co-operative Control Shares and eligible holders of
Investment Shares:
“That, the Shareholders confirm and approve in
each case:
a. that the existing Constitution be amended by
adding a new clause 3.12 reading as follows:
the Company may alter the rights attaching to
Shares provided that it has been approved by
a special resolution of each interest group in
accordance with section 117 of the Companies
Act, and it does not matter whether or not the
special resolution was passed before or after
this provision came into effect;
b. the Reclassification of each Co-operative
Control Share into an Ordinary Share;
c. the Reclassification of each Investment Share
into an Ordinary Share; and
d. the revocation of the existing Constitution of
the Company (as amended from time to time)
and the adoption of a new Constitution by the
Company in the form tabled at the meeting and
signed by the Chairperson for the purpose of
identification,
each in accordance with the Implementation
Timetable, and subject to the passing of Resolution 1,
and the approval by the Minister of Agriculture of the
proposed changes to the existing Constitution.”
The business of the meeting will be to consider and, if
thought fit, to resolve the Resolutions set out below.
Resolutions 1 and 2 are inter-conditional, meaning that both
of them must be passed in order for either of them to be
effective. See Explanation of the Resolutions and Additional
Information on pages 36 to 39 for further information
about these Resolutions.
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING
Eligibility to Vote and Required Approvals
All Shareholders are entitled to attend the Special Meeting.
The below table sets out who is eligible to vote on the Resolutions, and what voting thresholds and conditions need to be met
for the Resolutions to be passed. If the Proposal is approved, it will be binding on all Shareholders, whether they voted for the
Resolution or not and all Shareholders will be deemed to have made an application in respect of the Reclassification.
RESOLUTION 1RESOLUTION 2
Type of resolution
and approval
threshold
Ordinary resolution to be passed by a majority
(50% plus one Share) of Co-operative Control
Shareholders entitled to vote and voting
Special resolution to be passed by:
• 75% of Co-operative Control
Shareholders entitled to vote and
voting; and
• 75% of Investment Shareholders entitled
to vote and voting
Who is entitled to
vote?
Co-operative Control Shareholders onlyCo-operative Control Shareholders and
Investment Shareholders
ConditionalityConditional on the approval of Resolution 2
Conditional on the approval by the Minister of
Agriculture of the proposed changes to the
existing Constitution
Conditional on the approval of Resolution 1
Conditional on the approval by the Minister
of Agriculture of the proposed changes to the
existing Constitution
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
How to cast a vote
Co-operative Control Shareholders and Investment
Shareholders have separate rights to vote. The matters in
respect of which each of them may vote are set out above,
and in the Voting Form.
Shareholders can vote in the following ways:
1. Attend the Special Meeting – bring your Voting Form to
the meeting as the barcode is required to assist with your
registration; or
2. Electronic voting – visit www.electionz.com/LIC2018 and
follow the prompts. You will require your PIN and Password
as shown on your Voting Form. Electronic voting will close
at 10.30 am on 12 March 2018; or
3. Postal voting – complete the Postal Vote section of the
Voting Form and return it in the reply paid envelope
provided to electionz.com Limited or address to
electionz.com Limited as per the details provided at
the bottom of this section. Your form must be received
before 10.30 am on 12 March 2018; or
4. Appoint a Director or Councillor of LIC, or another
person as your proxy – complete the proxy appointment
section on the Voting Form including how you wish them
to vote (as a directed vote) or as “Proxy’s Discretion” and
return in the reply paid envelope provided to electionz.com
Limited before 10.30 am on 12 March 2018. Your appointed
Director/Councillor/Representative will receive voting
papers upon registration at the meeting.
Each method of voting and the way to use the Voting Form
enclosed with this document are explained in detail below.
Please choose only one voting option.
Full details on how to return your Voting Form to electionz.com
Limited are available at the end of this section.
1. To attend and vote at the Special Meeting
You must register at the registration desk prior to entering
the meeting. Please bring your Voting Form with you, as
the barcode is required for your registration.
The registration and poll will be managed by
electionz.com.
Upon registration, if you have not already submitted an
electronic or postal vote, or appointed a proxy, you will
receive a separate voting card to mark your vote at the
time that each poll is put to the meeting by the Chairman.
Once the voting is completed, electionz.com Limited will
collect your voting cards from you.
2. To vote electronically
If you wish to cast your vote electronically:
a. Visit www.electionz.com/LIC2018
b. Enter your PIN and Password as shown on your
Voting Form.
c. Follow the prompts to complete your vote.
Electronic voting will close at 10.30 am on Monday 12
March 2018.
3. To cast a postal vote
If you wish to cast a postal vote, complete the Postal Vote
section on your Voting Form, indicate how you wish to
vote on each Resolution and return the form to electionz.
com Limited in any manner described at the bottom of
this section.
SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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4. To appoint a Director or Councillor of LIC, or another
person, to attend the meeting and vote on your behalf
as your proxy
If you wish to appoint a Director or Councillor of LIC or
any other person as your proxy, you need to complete the
proxy section on your Voting Form. A proxy need not be a
shareholder of LIC.
Please read the information on “Proxy Appointment”
on the reverse of your Voting Form carefully. In the
area provided, please insert the name of the Director,
Councillor or other person you wish to appoint. Use the
voting boxes to indicate how you wish your proxy to vote.
Alternatively indicate “Proxy Discretion”.
If you return the Proxy section of the Voting Form without
indicating how you wish your proxy to vote, your proxy will
vote, or abstain from voting, as he or she sees fit. If you
indicate on the Voting Form how you wish your proxy to
vote, your proxy will vote as directed.
Any Director or Councillor of LIC who is appointed as a
proxy and is given discretion as to how to vote will vote in
what he or she believes to be the best interest of LIC.
Please advise your proxy that he or she must register
at the registration desk prior to entering the meeting to
obtain the necessary voting papers.
The proxy appointment section of the Voting Form must
be completed, signed and received by electionz.com
Limited no later than 10.30 am on 12 March 2018.
If you are a postal voter or appointing a proxy, return
your Voting Form to electionz.com Limited in any of the
following ways:
• mail to electionz.com Limited in the reply paid
envelope provided; or
• address and mail to Livestock Improvement
Corporation Limited, PO Box 3138, Christchurch 8140;
or
• deliver to electionz.com Limited, 3/3 Pukaki Road,
Yaldhurst, Christchurch 8042; or
• fax to 03 377 1474 ; or
• scan and email to info@electionz.com (please put
the words “LIC Meeting” in the subject line for easy
identification).
Alternatively vote electronically as per the instruction
in the
To Vote Electronically on the previous page.
If you are not attending and voting at the Special
Meeting, your electronic vote must be cast or your
Voting Form must be received by electionz.com Limited
no later than 10.30 am on 12 March 2018 to be valid.
The Board has appointed Melanie Tonkin as the Returning
Officer. She has authorised electionz.com Limited to
receive, record and count all postal votes, electronic
votes and proxy votes.
If you have any questions regarding the voting, please
contact the Election Helpline on 0800 666 033.
All persons attending the Special Meeting must
register at the registration desk prior to entering the
meeting room.
Multiple herd owners are reminded that to fully exercise
their voting rights, they need to separately exercise the
votes for each participant code.
SECTION B: NOTICE OF MEETING
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Explanation of the Resolutions and
Additional Information
Resolution 1: To increase the Share Standard,
issue new nil paid Co-operative Control Shares
and subdivide Investment Shares
Resolution 1 proposes that Shareholders confirm and approve:
• that the Co-operative Control Shareholding Requirement
be increased to an equivalent of 16% of Qualifying
Expenditure;
• the issue of such number of nil paid Co-operative Control
Shares as is required to ensure that Co-operative Control
Shareholders meet the new Share Standard; and
• the subdivision of each Investment Share into four
Investment Shares.
Constitution
The existing Constitution of the Company allows the Company
to change the Share Standard by Ordinary Resolution of
Shareholders. Currently, only the Co-operative Control
Shareholders have the right to vote on this Resolution.
15
The Constitution coupled with the Companies Act gives the
Board the power to issue Shares to Shareholders and to
subdivide the Company’s Shares, but notwithstanding this, we
are presenting this resolution to Shareholders as part of the
process for seeking overall approval for the Proposal.
In accordance with LIC’s Constitution, no person may exercise,
or control the exercise of, more than 1% of the maximum
number of votes that may be exercised at a meeting of LIC.
Companies Act
Section 105 of the Companies Act provides that an ordinary
resolution must be approved by a simple majority of the votes
of those Shareholders entitled to vote and voting on the
resolution. To approve Resolution 1, 50% plus one vote of the
Co-operative Control Shareholders entitled to vote and voting
on that Resolution must be cast in favour of the Resolution.
Resolution 2: To amend the Constitution,
reclassify Shares as Ordinary Shares and adopt
the New Constitution
Resolution 2 proposes that Shareholders confirm and approve:
• a new provision be included in the Constitution
permitting the alteration of rights attaching to Shares
with the approval of a special resolution of each
interest group;
• alteration of the rights attaching to the Shares by
reclassifying the Co-operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares into Ordinary Shares; and
• revocation of the existing Constitution and adoption of
the New Constitution.
Constitution
The proposed changes to the Constitution have been
approved by NZX. A summary of the proposed changes to the
Constitution is set out at page 45.
A copy of the existing Constitution, a clean copy of the
proposed New Constitution and a marked copy showing all
changes made to the existing Constitution by the proposed
New Constitution may be viewed on the Company’s website:
www.lic.co.nz/vote. The Listing Rules may be viewed on the
NZX website: www.nzx.com.
In accordance with LIC’s Constitution, no person may exercise,
or control the exercise of, more than 1% of the maximum
number of votes that may be exercised at a meeting of LIC.
The changes to the Constitution are subject to
Ministerial consent.
Companies Act
Under the Companies Act, LIC must not take any action which
affects the rights attached to Shares, unless that action has
been approved by a special resolution of each interest group
of LIC. For the purposes of section 117 of the Companies Act,
the rights attached to Shares include voting rights and rights
to distributions. Therefore, both the proposed Reclassification
of the Shares and the adoption of the New Constitution, will
require approval by each interest group.
There are two interest groups in LIC for the purposes of section
116 of the Companies Act:
• Co-operative Control Shareholders; and
• Investment Shareholders.
To approve Resolution 2, at least 75% of the votes of
Shareholders in each interest group entitled to vote and voting
on that Resolution must be cast in favour of the Resolution.
SECTION B: EXPLANATION OF THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
15. The Investment Shareholders are entitled to vote on resolutions where the
proposed resolution directly affects any rights or privileges attached to the
Investment Shares. The Board is of the view that the proposed subdivision of the
Investment Shares will not affect the rights of the Investment Shareholders and
their entitlements will remain unchanged. Accordingly, only the Co-operative
Control Shareholders will be entitled to vote on this Resolution.
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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Listing Rules – Waivers, Rulings, and Approvals
LIC has obtained a number of waivers, rulings, and approvals
from the Listing Rules from the NZX, as described below. These
waivers, rulings and approvals are conditional on the Proposal
being approved.
•
Listing Rule 1.6.1: A waiver has been obtained to allow
the definition of “Renounceable” to refer to a right or
offer that is transferable by any Shareholder to another
person entitled to hold the securities (rather than any
person). This reflects the ownership restrictions on
Shares, as a result of the co-operative nature of LIC.
•
Listing Rules 3.2.2, 3.2.3 and 3.2.6: Waivers have been
granted to allow LIC to continue to operate its director
nomination (including restrictions on who may be
nominated) and rotation, each in accordance with the
New Constitution.
•
Listing Rule 7.3.11(c): A ruling has been granted to
allow LIC to issue new Shares to a Shareholder in order
to ensure they meet the Share Standard. The waiver
treats the Share Standard as the “Minimum Holding”
requirement for LIC for the purposes of the Listing Rules.
•
Listing Rule 7.6.3: A waiver has been granted to allow
LIC to provide financial assistance to the “Approved
Holding Entity” under the New Constitution. The
Approved Holding Entity acquires Shares in LIC on behalf
of Shareholders in administering a voluntary investment
scheme or dividend reinvestment plan approved by the
Board.
•
Listing Rule 7.6.9: A ruling has been granted to allow
LIC to buy back Shares from an exiting Shareholder as a
“routine buyback”.
•
Listing Rule 8.1.3: A waiver has been granted to allow
the Nil Paid Shares to carry full voting rights. Without this
waiver, the Nil Paid Shares could only carry voting rights
in proportion to which the Share is paid up.
•
Listing Rule 8.2.1: As LIC is a non-standard issuer, a
ruling has been granted that allows LIC a more extensive
lien over the Shares than would otherwise be the case.
This is because the lien secures all monies owing to LIC.
•
Listing Rule 11.1.5: Approvals have been granted to
certain restrictions on the issue, acquisition or transfer
of Shares. For the most part, these relate to the
co-operative nature of LIC and the fact that only
Qualifying Customers can hold Shares (other than a
limited pool of Shares available to employees under the
employee share scheme).
Minority Buy-out Rights
Sections 110 and 118 of the Companies Act grant minority
buy-out rights to any Shareholders who vote all of their Shares
against a special resolution approving any matter that affects
the rights attaching to shares. Resolution 2 affects the rights
attaching to Co-operative Control Shares and to Investment
Shares, and so minority buy-out rights will be available to those
Shareholders voting against Resolution 2.
Exercising Buy-out Rights
A Shareholder who wishes to exercise those minority buy-out
rights must cast all votes attached to Shares registered in the
Shareholder’s name and having the same beneficial owner,
against Resolution 2.
If a Shareholder votes all of their Shares against Resolution 2
but it is nevertheless approved, in order to exercise minority
buy-out rights, the Shareholder must, within 10 Business Days
of the passing of Resolution 2, give written notice to LIC that
the Shareholder requires LIC to purchase the Shareholder’s
Shares. This notice will apply to all Shares held by the
Shareholder.
LIC must, within 20 Business Days of receipt of such notice:
• agree to the purchase of the relevant Shares; or
• arrange for some other person to agree to purchase the
relevant Shares; or
• apply to the court for an order exempting LIC from the
obligation to purchase the Shares, on the grounds that
the purchase would be:
–disproportionately damaging to LIC; or
–that LIC cannot reasonably be required to finance the
purchase; or
–it would not be just and equitable to require LIC to
purchase the Shares; or
• arrange for Resolution 2 to be rescinded by another
special resolution of Shareholders, or decide in the
appropriate manner not to take the action concerned, as
the case may be; and
• give written notice to the Shareholder of the Board’s
decision as to which of the above actions it will take.
SECTION B: EXPLANATION OF THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Where LIC agrees to purchase the Shares, it must, within 5
Business Days after the written notice of LIC’s decision in the
preceding paragraph, give written notice to the Shareholder,
setting out the price (or prices, in the case of Shares of
different classes) the Board offers to pay for the Shares and
certain information relating to how the price was calculated.
Co-operative Control Shares
The price payable for a Co-operative Control Share will be
calculated in accordance with section 22 of the Co operative
Companies Act 1996 and the Constitution. Together, they
provide that the price may be the lower of:
• the nominal value of that Share;
• the amount paid up on the Share; or
• the amount determined under clause 8.3 of the
Constitution.
Investment Shares
The price payable by LIC for an Investment Share will be a
“fair and reasonable” price, which does not take into account
any fluctuation (positive or negative, and whenever occurring)
attributable to the proposed Reclassification.
Arbitration
If the Shareholder considers that the price offered is not fair
and reasonable, they must within a further 10 Business Days,
give written notice of their objection to LIC.
If within 10 Business Days of the Board giving notice to the
Shareholder, no objection to the price has been received by
LIC, LIC must purchase the Shares at the nominated price:
• on a date agreed between LIC and the Shareholder; or
• if no date is agreed, as soon as practicable.
If the Shareholder objects to the price being offered by LIC:
• the question of what is fair and reasonable must be
referred to arbitration; and
• LIC must, within 5 Business Days of receiving the notice
of objection pay a provisional price in respect of the
Shares equal to the price nominated by the Board.
The arbitration is to be conducted in accordance with the
Arbitration Act 1996. The arbitrator must expeditiously
determine a fair and reasonable price for the Shares to be
purchased. If the price determined by the arbitrator exceeds
the provisional price paid by LIC, LIC must immediately pay
the balance owing to the Shareholder. If the price determined
is less than the provisional price paid by LIC, LIC may recover
the excess paid from the Shareholder. The arbitrator may
award interest on any balance payable or excess to be repaid.
The Arbitration Act preserves the right of an arbitrator to
award legal and expert costs and, therefore, both LIC and the
relevant Shareholder(s) bear the risk of an adverse cost award
in connection with any arbitration if they are unsuccessful.
On-Market Sales as Preferred Remedy
LIC encourages any Investment Shareholders who would wish
to exercise minority buy-out rights to consider selling their
Investment Shares on-market, rather than exercising their
formal rights. That approach is the traditional avenue open to
shareholders of listed companies where the shareholder does
not agree with the company’s direction.
SECTION B: EXPLANATION OF THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
Glossary
Announced means a disclosure to Shareholders made through
the market announcement platform for NZAX.
Annual Update means the annual process of adjusting the
shareholdings of Co-operative Control Shareholders so that
their respective shareholdings meet the Share Standard in
respect of the Qualifying Expenditure of each such Shareholder
for the preceding season.
Approved Holding Entity has the meaning given to it in the
Constitution.
Board means the Directors numbering not less than the
required quorum acting together as a board of Directors.
Business Day has the meaning given to “Working Day” in the
Companies Act.
Companies Act means Companies Act 1993.
Company, Co-operative or LIC means Livestock Improvement
Corporation Limited.
Compliance Date means the date by which Shareholders
or new customers are required to share up (or sell down) in
relation to any particular year. Under the existing Constitution,
this is 15 July of the following year (or as soon as practicable
thereafter) and under the Proposal, this will be 15 October of
the following year.
Conditions and Service Rules has the meaning given to the
term “Service Rules” in the Constitution.
Constitution means the company constitution of LIC.
Co-operative Control Shareholding Requirement has
the meaning given to it in the Constitution being shares
equivalent to 4% of Qualifying Expenditure as at the date of
this document. Under the Proposal, the concept of “Share
Standard” is used from Implementation instead of Co-operative
Control Shareholding Requirement.
Co-operative Control Shareholder means a Shareholder
holding one or more Co-operative Control Shares.
Co-operative Control Shares means Shares having a nominal
value and designated as Co-operative Control Shares.
Council or Shareholder Council means the LIC Shareholder
Council.
Councillor means a person elected by Shareholders within a
ward to represent that ward on the LIC Shareholder Council.
DIRA means the Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001.
Directors mean the directors for the time being of the
Company.
FMCA means the Financial Markets Conduct Act 2013.
Implementation means the process of the Reclassification.
Implementation Date means the date the Reclassification
takes effect in accordance with the Implementation Timetable.
Implementation Timetable means the timetable for the
implementation of the Proposal set out on page 9 of this
document, as amended from time to time by the Board and
Announced to Shareholders.
Independent Adviser means Northington Partners.
Independent Adviser’s Report means the report of
Northington Partners dated 9 February 2018, a summary of
which is set out on pages 14 to 17.
Information Pack means the suite of documents described on
the inside cover of this document.
Investment Shareholder means a Shareholder holding one or
more Investment Shares.
Investment Shares means Shares which bear no par or
nominal value and which are designated as Investment Shares.
Listing Rules means the NZAX Listing Rules which relate to the
NZAX as amended from time to time, and may be a reference
to a particular Rule or Rules as specified.
Minimum Purchases Amount has the meaning given in the
Constitution.
New Constitution means the constitution of LIC proposed to be
adopted pursuant to the Proposal.
Nil Paid Shares means, pre-Reclassification, the nil paid Co-
operative Control Shares issued under the Proposal to holders
of Co-operative Control Shares or, post-Reclassification, the nil
paid Ordinary Shares. These Shares must be paid up over time
as explained in this document.
NZAX means the NZX Alternative Market operated by NZX
Limited.
Ordinary Shareholder means a Shareholder holding one or
more Ordinary Shares.
Ordinary Shares means a share in the capital of the Company
which has the rights set out in section 36(1) of the Companies
Act.
Proposal means the actions contemplated by the Resolutions,
taken together.
Qualifying Customer means any person who satisfies the
requirements in the Constitution to become a Shareholder.
Qualifying Expenditure means expenditure on Qualifying
Products and Services.
Qualifying Products and Services has the meaning given in
the Constitution.
Regulations means the Financial Markets Conduct Regulations
2014.
SECTION B: GLOSSARY
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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Reclassification:
a. means, in relation to each Co-operative Control Share and
each Investment Share:
i. all rights and restrictions conferred on a Share
pursuant to its terms of issue will no longer have
effect (except for any rights relating to any dividend,
distribution, or other entitlement accrued on or
before the Implementation Date, which will subsist);
ii. the terms on which that Share is issued will be
replaced with the terms of issue of an Ordinary
Share; and
iii. from the Implementation Date, such Share will be an
Ordinary Share, and the holder of such Share will be
an Ordinary Shareholder who will be conferred all
the rights and obligations in respect of an Ordinary
Share (other than in respect of any dividend,
distribution, or other entitlement that has accrued
before the Implementation Date); and
b. for the avoidance of doubt, does not constitute
redemption, cancellation or buy-back of Shares or an
issue, allotment or creation of a new Share,
and Reclassify shall be construed accordingly.
Relevant Interest has the meaning given to that term in the
FMCA.
Resolutions means Resolution 1 and Resolution 2 set out at
pages 32 of this document.
Returning Officer has the meaning given in the Constitution.
Roadshow means the Shareholder meetings arranged by
LIC for the purpose of discussing the Proposal and the voting
process with the Shareholders, the current timetable and
venues for which are set out in Schedule 4.
Share Standard means the existing share standard (as defined
as the Co-operative Control Shareholder Requirement in the
current Constitution) prior to Reclassification; or the new share
standard (defined as the Shareholding Requirement in the New
Constitution) after Reclassification, as the case may be.
Shares means shares in the Company that have been or may
be issued from time to time, including Co-operative Control
Shares, Investment Shares, Ordinary Shares and Nil Paid
Shares as appropriate.
Shareholder means a person whose name is entered in the
register of security holders maintained by the Company as the
holder for the time being of one or more Shares.
Special Meeting means the special meeting of Shareholders to
be held at LIC’s Tempero Centre, Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville
Roads, Newstead, Hamilton on Wednesday, 14 March 2018 at
10.30 am.
Subsidiary means a subsidiary of LIC.
Voting Form means the combined proxy appointment and
voting form to be used for the purposes of the Special Meeting.
Additional Notes:
• Percentages in this document have been rounded to the
nearest percent.
• Numbers of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment
Shares, when referenced as a group, have been rounded
to the nearest 100,000.
• References to legislation refer to that legislation as
amended from time to time.
SECTION B: GLOSSARY
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NOTICE OF MEETING AND EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
SCHEDULE 1
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SINGLE SHARE STRUCTURE
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SCHEDULE 1
Summary of Shareholding Rights between Classes
The table below describes LIC’s assessment of the principal changes proposed to be made to the Shareholders’ rights.
PRE-RECLASSIFICATIONPOST-RECLASSIFICATION
Key FeatureCo-operative Control
Shares
Investment SharesOrdinary Shares
Are the Shares Listed?NoYes – on the NZAX Yes – on the NZAX
How are Shares valued?Nominal Value of $1.00 No par or nominal value.
Value is set by trading on the
NZAX
No par or nominal value.
Value is set by trading on the
NZAX
Who can hold Shares?New Zealand dairy
farmers who are Qualifying
Customers
Investment Shares can only
be held by Co-operative
Control Shareholders (with
some limited exceptions)
16
New Zealand dairy
farmers who are Qualifying
Customers (with some limited
exceptions)
17
How many Shares can /
must be held?
Based on a share standardMaximum holding of 5% of
Investment Shares on issue
Hybrid of rules for Co-
operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares:
Minimum holding based
on a Share Standard
(being increased under the
Proposal). Maximum holding
of 5% of the Ordinary Shares
on issue
Are Shareholders
required to surrender
or sell Shares?
Yes – if shares held exceed
the Share Standard at the
end of any season they must
be surrendered
Yes – if Shareholder ceases
to be a Co-operative Control
Shareholder they must
surrender or sell their Shares
within 2 years of no longer
being a Co-operative Control
Shareholder
Hybrid of rules for Co-
operative Control Shares
and Investment Shares:
Yes – if Shareholder ceases
to be a Qualifying Customer,
they must sell their Shares by
15 October in the second year
after the end of the relevant
season
What consideration
will Shareholders
receive for surrendered
Shares?
Generally, an amount equal
to the Nominal Value paid
Price set by NZAXPrice set by NZAX
Do voting rights attach
to the Shares?
Yes – but maximum voting
entitlement capped
No – except in limited
circumstances – voting
entitlement capped
Yes – but maximum voting
entitlement capped at 1%
(unless and until DIRA is
amended to remove this
requirement)
Are Shareholders
entitled to Dividends?
Yes – but the maximum
entitlement is capped
Ye s Ye s
Can Shares be
transferred and, if so,
to who?
No – except in limited
circumstances
Yes – this can be done on-
market or off-market and,
generally, only between
Qualifying Customers
18
Yes – this can be done on-
market or off-market and,
generally, only between
Qualifying Customers
19
Can Shares be held by
someone else on behalf
of a Shareholder?
No – except in limited
circumstances
No – except in limited
circumstances
No – except in limited
circumstances
SCHEDULE 1: SUMMARY OF SHAREHOLDING RIGHTS BETWEEN CLASSES
16. Employees may also hold, in aggregate, up to 5% of the Ordinary Shares.
17. The existing employee share scheme is reserved.
18. The exception being LIC employees to hold Shares through the employee share scheme.
19. As above. The Proposal preserves the existing employee share scheme in its existing form. Nil Paid Shares must be paid up prior to transfer, except in exceptional
circumstances approved by the Board.
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SCHEDULE 2
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SCHEDULE 2
Summary of the Changes to the Constitution
The table below summarises LIC’s assessment of the principal changes proposed to be made to the current Constitution.
A copy of the New Constitution and a version of the Constitution showing all proposed changes is available at www.lic.co.nz/vote
DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE
Share StructureThere will only be a single
class of shares – Ordinary
Shares.
Key features of the Ordinary
Shares will be:
• Listed on NZAX with a
market-driven price
• Full voting rights
• Full economic rights (all
dividends and return of
capital on liquidation)
• 1% voting cap unless
and until DIRA is
amended to remove
this cap
Relevant references
throughout the Constitution
updated to reflect the
rights proposed to attach
to the Ordinary Shares and
remove the rights attaching
and references to both Co-
operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares.
There are two classes of
securities: Co-operative
Control Shares and
Investment Shares.
Key features of Co-operative
Control Shares are:
• Nominal value of $1
• Full voting rights
• Economic rights limited
to the Priority Dividend
(based on the first
mortgage lending rate
of LIC’s principal banks
in respect of secured
loans made to dairy
farmers) and a priority
return of capital on
liquidation
• 1% voting cap
Key features of Investment
Shares are:
• Listed on NZAX with
market-driven price
• No substantive voting
rights
• Subordinated dividend
• Subordinated rights
to residual capital in a
liquidation
All current Shares will be
reclassified as Ordinary
Shares.
Details of the reason for the
Reclassification are set out at
pages 18 to 20.
Minimum Purchases
Amount
Under the New Constitution,
the Board will be permitted
to change the Minimum
Purchases Amount from
time to time (with the
initial amount being as
set out below), subject
to consultation with the
Shareholder Council.
Any changes will be set
out in the Conditions and
Service Rules.
The Board has determined
that the initial Minimum
Purchases Amount will
be increased to $1,000
per season, which will be
specified in the Conditions
and Service Rules.
The Minimum Purchases
Amount is fixed at $500 per
season.
Amendments require
Shareholder approval by
ordinary resolution.
The Board believes that
$1,000 per season is an
appropriate Minimum
Purchases Amount. The
existing Minimum Purchases
Amount has not changed
since it was introduced
in 2002. Any current
Shareholders spending less
than $1,000 (approx 1% of
all Shareholders) will be
grandfathered (see page 25).
The Board believes it is
sensible to have the flexibility
to amend the Minimum
Purchases Amount from time
to time, without having to
amend the New Constitution,
whilst recognising the need to
be clear for all customers.
SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION
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DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE
Share StandardUnder the Constitution, the
Board will be permitted to
change the Share Standard
and how it is calculated
from time to time, subject
to consultation with the
Shareholder Council. Any
changes will be notified in
the Conditions and Service
Rules.
The Board has determined
that the initial Share
Standard will be increased to
one Share for each $6.25 of
Qualifying Expenditure and
a banded Share Standard
will be introduced, as
further described on page
24. Qualifying Expenditure
will be measured in uniform
$5,000 bands
20
.
The Share Standard will be
measured on the basis of
Qualifying Expenditure for
a Qualifying Customer on a
rolling three-year average
basis.
The Share Standard is fixed
at an equivalent to 4% of
Qualifying Expenditure in the
preceding year.
Amendments require
Shareholder approval by
ordinary resolution.
The Board believes it is
appropriate to set a higher
Share Standard, to effect a
greater alignment between
ownership in the Company
and spend with it. Averaging
the Qualifying Expenditure
over three years reduces the
financial burden of the higher
Share Standard by allowing
Shareholders to spread their
Share purchases over the
same period.
The Board believes it
is sensible to have the
flexibility to amend the Share
Standard from time to time,
without having to amend
the New Constitution, whilst
recognising the need to be
clear for all customers.
Maximum HoldingOrdinary shareholding
capped at 5%.
Investment shareholding
capped at 5%.
Consequential change
from the Reclassification.
The largest shareholding
immediately following the
Reclassification is anticipated
to be 2.2%.
New customers A new customer may apply to
become a Shareholder once
they exceed the Minimum
Purchases Amount in any
season.
Once a customer’s average
expenditure on Qualifying
Products and Services over
the three preceding seasons
exceeds the Minimum
Purchases Amount, they will
be deemed to have made
an application to become a
Shareholder and they must
hold the Share Standard on
the Compliance Date.
No Shares are acquired
on behalf of a Qualifying
Customer, except where a
Qualifying Customer fails to
meet the Share Standard on
the Compliance Date (see
page 26).
A new customer may apply
to become a Shareholder
(and will be deemed to
have applied to become
a Shareholder) once they
have exceeded the Minimum
Purchases Amount in any
season and are notified of
this by LIC.
The new customers will then
be issued Co-operative
Control Shares to ensure
they meet the Share
Standard. That issuance
will occur following the close
of the Season during which
that shareholder exceeds the
Minimum Purchases Amount.
The Co-operative Control
Shares are issued at the
nominal value at the time of
issuance (currently $1 each).
Consequential change
from the Reclassification
and the decision to set the
Share Standard based on
three-year average spend
on Qualifying Products and
Services.
The Board believes it is
sensible to allow a new
customer to apply to be
a Shareholder as soon as
they exceed the Minimum
Purchases Amount – this is
consistent with the existing
arrangement.
SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION
20. Except for the initial band which will apply from $1,000 to $4,999.
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DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE
Compulsory acquisition
of Shares for existing
Shareholders
At the end of the Season,
the Company will notify each
Shareholder of its existing
holdings and any additional
Shares required to meet the
Share Standard.
Shareholders must then
acquire such number
of additional Shares to
ensure they meet the Share
Standard by the Compliance
Date (currently set as 15
October).
If a Shareholder does not
hold the Share Standard by
the Compliance Date, the
Company will acquire the
shortfall on behalf of the
Shareholder or issue new
Shares to the Shareholder in
which case the Shareholder
will be deemed to have
applied. Details of the
acquisition process are set
out at page 26.
Following the issue of Shares
under the Annual Update,
the Company sends each
Shareholder an annual
statement.
Where a Shareholder holds
fewer Co-operative Control
Shares than the Share
Standard on the Compliance
Date (currently, the Board
issues the additional Shares
to that Shareholder as part
of the Annual Update).
Moving to a market-traded
Share for the Share Standard,
rather than the current Co-
operative Control Shares,
means that Shareholders
have the opportunity to
determine how and when
to acquire Shares to meet
the Share Standard by the
Compliance Date.
The Compliance Date has
been pushed back following
the end pf each season to
allow Shareholders more time
to acquire any necessary
additional shares on market.
Compulsory disposal of
shares
Shareholders will not be
required to sell their Shares
unless they cease to spend
the Minimum Purchases
Amount in any season or
fail to meet other Qualifying
Customer criteria. They must
then sell their Shares by 15
October in the second year
after the end of the relevant
season (i.e. approximately
16 and a half months after
the end of the season in
which they did not spend the
Minimum Purchases Amount).
If a Shareholder has not sold
their Shares by that point,
the Company will be entitled
to sell their Shares on the
Shareholder’s behalf.
(An exception to this applies
for any Shareholder who, at
the Implementation Date,
met the previous Minimum
Purchases Amount and
continues to do so.)
Excess Co-operative Control
Shares must be surrendered
at nominal value.
Investment Shares must
be sold within 24 months of
ceasing to be a Co operative
Control Shareholder. A
Shareholder who ceases
to spend the Minimum
Purchases Amount with the
Company must surrender
their Co operative Control
Shares. If a Shareholder has
not sold their Investment
Shares by the required
date, the Company is
entitled to sell them on the
Shareholder’s behalf.
Shareholders should be able
to hold more Shares than the
Share Standard (subject to a
cap of 5%) but, generally, only
customers of LIC are entitled
to hold Ordinary Shares.
With LIC as a co-operative,
once a Shareholder ceases
to spend the Minimum
Purchases Amount, they
should be required to sell
their Shares within a defined
period (and the Company
must have the ability to
ensure that they are sold).
The period within which the
Shareholder is required to
sell their Shares has been
shortened to align it with the
Compliance Date to assist
liquidity in a period where
there is likely to be high
volumes of trading.
SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION
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DESCRIPTIONNEW POSITIONCURRENT POSITIONREASON FOR CHANGE
Transfer of SharesOrdinary Shares will be listed
and freely tradable amongst
Qualifying Customers on the
NZAX.
However, Ordinary Shares
that are unpaid or partly
paid will not be able to
be transferred until they
have been fully paid up (or
otherwise with the approval
of the Board).
Co-operative Control Shares
may be transferred to a
Qualifying Customer (subject
to prior Board approval).
Investment Shares are listed
and traded on the NZAX.
This change is consequential
to the decision to move to
one class of Shares. It allows
Shareholders to still seek
an economic investment
in LIC beyond meeting the
Share Standard. It also
gives Shareholders a choice
as to when to acquire the
Shares and when to sell them
for them to meet the Share
Standard.
DirectorsElected directors will
be elected by Ordinary
Shareholders in the relevant
region.
Elected directors are elected
by Co-operative Control
Shareholders in the relevant
region.
Consequential in that it
reflects the key elements of
the Proposal.
Honoraria CommitteeThe Honoraria Committee
will comprise up to four
Ordinary Shareholders,
elected by the Ordinary
Shareholders.
The Honoraria Committee
comprises up to four
Co-operative Control
Shareholders, elected by
the Co operative Control
Shareholders.
Consequential in that it
reflects the key elements of
the Proposal.
LIC Shareholder
Council
Councillors will be elected by
Ordinary Shareholders in the
relevant ward.
Councillors are elected
by Co-operative Control
Shareholders in the
relevant ward.
Consequential in that it
reflects the key elements of
the Proposal.
Qualifying Products
and Services
Those products and services
supplied by the Company
or any Subsidiary that are
identified by the Company
in its Conditions and Service
Rules as “Qualifying Products
and Services”, as may be
amended from time to time
in consultation with the
Council.
Stated Products and
Services provided by the
Company were classed as
“Qualifying Products and
Services” with any other
products and services as the
Board specifies from time to
time, subject to obtaining the
prior approval of the Council.
The Board believes it sensible
to have the flexibility to
change the Qualifying
Products and Services
from time to time, and to
allow Subsidiaries (eg LIC
Agritechnology Company
Limited) to supply Qualifying
Products and Services and
to reflect changes in the
broader Group product suite.
Modification of NZAX
Listing Rules
As there is only one class
of Shares, no distinction
needs to be drawn between
multiple classes for NZAX
Listing Rules purposes.
A number of provisions were
required to be included to
modify the Listing Rules
to reflect the listing of
Investment Shares only.
Consequential in that it
reflects the key elements of
the Proposal.
SCHEDULE 2: SUMMARY OF THE CHANGES TO THE CONSTITUTION
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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SCHEDULE 3
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SCHEDULE 3: RISKS AFFECTING AN INVESTMENT IN LIC
SCHEDULE 3
Risks Affecting an Investment in LIC
The risks set out in the below table are provided in the context of Ordinary Shares tradable on the NZAX Main Board. These risks
are based on the knowledge and assessment of the Directors as at the date of this document and it is possible that other risks may
emerge in the future.
RISKDESCRIPTION AND
ASSESSMENT OF RISK
STEPS TO MITIGATE RISK
Risks relating to Implementation of the Proposal
1
Adverse price of
Ordinary Shares
Following Implementation, Ordinary Shares
will be listed on the NZAX and, as such, will be
subject to market pricing. It is possible that the
market price following Implementation is lower
than the value attributed to the Shares for the
purposes of the Implementation of the Proposal.
Since Ordinary Shares will not be redeemable,
Shareholders would be exposed to the
associated financial risk inherent in trading in
listed securities.
It is possible that an exiting Shareholder may
need to pay more than the then market price
of the Ordinary Shares to exit the Co-operative
because the balance owing on each Nil Paid
Share will not be affected by any changes in the
trading price of Ordinary Shares.
Assessment of likelihood of circumstances
arising: Medium
Assessment of impact: Medium
LIC has sought external financial and
valuation advice on the relative values of
the Co-operative Control Shares and the
Investment Shares and considered the
conclusions expressed by the Independent
Adviser to assist it in setting the relative
values for the purposes of the Proposal.
Risks relating to financial position and performance
2
Volatility of
New Zealand milk
price
Volatility of New Zealand milk price will affect
returns paid to farmers. A decrease in milk price
could reduce returns to farmers. The Company’s
revenue may therefore be reduced as farmers
decrease expenditure as a consequence of their
reduced returns.
As a net exporter of milk, New Zealand’s milk
price is heavily influenced by reference to the
price set by the Global Dairy Trade.
Assessment of likelihood of circumstances
arising: High
Assessment of impact: High
Continue to explore diversified growth
opportunities and ways to improve efficiency.
Reduce dependency on the New Zealand
market by continuing to diversify into
international markets.
Reduce dependency on the dairy sector by
continuing to diversify product offerings to
other species.
Continue to focus on innovating products and
solutions that provide operational efficiencies
to New Zealand dairy farms.
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SCHEDULE 3: RISKS AFFECTING AN INVESTMENT IN LIC
RISKDESCRIPTION AND
ASSESSMENT OF RISK
STEPS TO MITIGATE RISK
Risks relating to delivery of products and services to Shareholders
3
Disruption to
semen straw
production
The Company’s ability to provide sufficient quality
semen during a season relies on a number of
factors including the maintenance and operation
of key equipment, staff training and adherence to
approved procedures and processes. An inability
to meet demand for the Company’s semen would
result in significant reputational damage as well as
a reduction in New Zealand revenue.
Assessment of likelihood of circumstances
arising: Medium
Assessment of impact: Medium
Each year a pre-season risk review is
conducted of all aspects of the production
process and any necessary remedial actions
are initiated prior to the season start.
Key equipment is routinely maintained and
staff trained in its correct use. Standard
operating procedures are well documented
and regularly reviewed.
Semen quality is monitored daily and non-
return rates are monitored weekly during the
peak of the season.
Contingency stock of frozen semen is
maintained at a separate location.
4
Major IT system
issues
Increased reliance both by farmers and the
Company on technology, IT systems and services
increases vulnerability to system outages and
data loss as a result of cyber intrusions or system
failures.
Assessment of likelihood of circumstances
arising: Medium
Assessment of impact: Medium
Security strategy, measures, reviews and
audits in place both within the Company and
within its technology service providers.
Business continuity and disaster recovery
plans and procedures documented and
regularly tested.
5
Bio-security /
animal health
issues
An exotic disease outbreak in New Zealand could
severely limit the Company’s ability to provide
biological products, including semen, to dairy
farmers in New Zealand and overseas, and to
continue testing of milk and other biological
samples. Health issues within the Company’s bull
team could equally reduce its ability to provide
quality products and services to dairy farmers.
Assessment of likelihood of circumstances
arising: Medium
Assessment of impact: High
Quarantine procedures on all LIC-controlled
locations.
Animals maintained at separate locations and
effective segregation of bulls occurs within a
single location.
Business continuity plans in place with regular
reviews and scenario testing.
Contingency stock of frozen semen
maintained at a separate location.
Veterinary expertise within the Company.
Regular bull inspections.
6
Introduction of
disruptive
technologies
Inability to commercialise new innovations and/or
respond quickly to disruptive technologies causing
reduced demand for existing products and services
with resultant reduction in revenue.
A core part of LIC’s business is its information
gathering and analysis, much of which occurs
through LIC’s software and connected devices.
This is an area where the speed and frequency
of new disruptive technologies, being developed
globally, is rising at an accelerated pace. We
believe this, together with the increasing
interconnectivity and decreasing cost of
development, presents a risk to LIC’s software
product offerings, in particular.
Assessment of likelihood of circumstances
arising: High
Assessment of impact: Medium
Adoption of world-leading software and
product development methodologies to
enable quicker commercialisation of new
and improved products and services and
prioritisation of capital spend to ensure
developments align with farmer needs.
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SCHEDULE 4
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SCHEDULE 4: ROADSHOW 2018 TIMETABLE
SCHEDULE 4
Roadshows 2018 Timetable
Connecting your co-operative to the future
Locations/Schedule
TIMING
Day sessions — 11am - 1pm with a light lunch
Evening sessions — 7.30pm - 9.30pm followed by a light supper
NORTHLAND / WAIKATO / TARANAKI
DayDate am/pmLocationVenue
Mon26 Feb amKerikeri Okaihau Golf Club
Mon26 FebpmWhangareiTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Tues27 Feb amDargavilleTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Tues27 Feb pmWellsfordWellsford Community Centre
Wed28 Feb amPukekoheCampbell Tyson Events Centre
Wed28 Feb pmMatamataMatamata Club
Thur1 Mar amTaupiriTaupiri Rugby Club
Thur1 Mar pmHamiltonMatangi Hall
Fri2 Mar amCambridgeFarm Source Store on Albert Street
Mon5 MaramWaitaraClifton Rugby Club
Mon5 MarpmNew PlymouthQuality Hotel New Plymouth
Tues6 Mar amMidhirst (Inglewood)Farm Source, Inglewood
Tues6 Mar pmElthamEltham Vet Clinic
Wed7 Mar amWaverleyWaverley Community Centre
Wed7 Mar pmHaweraTSB HUB
Thur8 Mar amRahotuOaonui Hall
Thur8 Mar pmOtorohanga To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Fri9 Mar amPutaruruSt John’s Hall
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WAIKATO / BOP / LOWER NORTH ISLAND
DayDate am/pmLocationVenue
Mon26 Feb amTe PukePongakawa Hall
Mon26 FebpmTaurangaSt Peters Church, Tauranga
Tues27 Feb amWhakataneAwakeri Events Centre
Tues27 Feb pmOpotikiSenior Citizens Club
Wed28 Feb amReporoaTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Wed28 Feb pmRotoruaDistinction Hotel
Thur1 Mar amGalateaGalatea RSA
Thur1 Mar pmWestern BayMangakino Hotel
Fri2 Mar amMorrinsvilleElstow Hall
Mon5 MaramTe AwamutuWaipa Workingmens Club
Mon5 MarpmNgateaNgatea Rugby & Sports Club
Tues6 Mar amWaipukurau To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Tues6 Mar pmTaradaleTaradale Hall
Wed7 Mar amDannevirkeThe Hub
Wed7 Mar pmPahiatuaTararua Club
Thur8 Mar amGreytownSouth Wairarapa Working Mens Club
Thur8 Mar pmFoxton To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Fri9 Mar amBullsSouth Rangitikei Vets
SCHEDULE 4: ROADSHOW 2018 TIMETABLE
Roadshows 2018 Timetable
Connecting your co-operative to the future
Locations/Schedule
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SCHEDULE 4: ROADSHOW 2018 TIMETABLE
SOUTH ISLAND
DayDate am/pmLocationVenue
Mon26 Feb amGolden BayGolden Bay Recreation centre
Mon26 FebpmReefton To be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Tues27 Feb amWhataroaWhataroa Hall
Tues27 Feb pmHokitikaTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Wed28 Feb amDarfield Rec and Community Centre
Wed28 Feb pmAshburtonHotel Ashburton
Thur1 Mar amTemukaTemuka Alpine Energy Stadium
Thur1 Mar pmRakaiaTo be advised – see www.lic.co.nz/vote
Fri2 Mar amCulverdenAmuri St. John’s
Mon5 MaramWaimateWaimate Event Centre
Mon5 MarpmWaitaki/PapakaioPapakaio Hall
Tues6 Mar amTaieriHenley Hall
Tues6 Mar pmClydevaleClutha Valley Rugby Club
Wed7 Mar amGoreJames Cumming Wing
Wed7 Mar pmWintonSalvation Army Hall
Thur8 Mar amSeaward Downs Seaward Downs Hall
Fri9 Mar amOtautauOtautau Sports Complex
Roadshows 2018 Timetable
Connecting your co-operative to the future
Locations/Schedule
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DIRECTORY
SHARE SIMPLIFICATION PROPOSAL
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LIC
Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited
LIC Head Office
Corner Ruakura and Morrinsville Roads
Newstead, Hamilton
Private Bag 3016
Hamilton 3240
Tel: +64 7 856 0700
Website: www.lic.co.nz
Financial advisers to LIC
Deutsche Craigs Limited
Vero Centre
48 Shortland Street
Auckland 1010
PO Box 1196
Auckland 1140
Tel: +64 9 919 7400
Website: www.deutschecraigs.com
Financial and valuation advisers to LIC
PwC
PwC Tower
Level 22, 188 Quay Street
Auckland 1010
Private Bag 92162
Auckland 1142
Tel: +64 9 355 8000
Website: https://www.pwc.co.nz/
Independent adviser
Northington Partners
Level 14, 52 Swanson Street
Auckland 1010
PO Box 105 384
Auckland 1143
Tel: +64 9 913 4600
Website: http://northington.co.nz/
Legal advisers to LIC
Simpson Grierson
Lumley Centre
88 Shortland Street
Auckland 1010
Private Bag 92518
Auckland 1141
Tel: +64 9 358 2222
Website: www.simpsongrierson.com
Election manager
electionz.com Limited
3/3 Pukaki Road
Yaldhurst
Christchurch 8042
PO Box 3138
Christchurch 8140
Tel: +64 3 377 3530
Email: info@electionz.com
Registrar
Link Market Services Limited
Level 11, Deloitte Centre
80 Queen Street
Auckland 1010
PO Box 91976
Auckland 1142
Tel: +64 9 375 5998
Email: enquiries@linkmarketservices.co.nz
Election helpline
0800 666 033
DIRECTORY
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3
Internet voting, postal voting & proxy
appointments close
10:30am Monday 12 March 2018
Or
Vote in person at the Special Meeting
10:30am Wednesday 14 March 2018
ote
Our Co-operative. Our Future. Your Vote.
---
Private Bag 3016
Hamilton 3240
New Zealand
PHONE 0800 264 632
www.lic.co.nz
February 9, 2018
John Smith
1090 Farm Road
RD 12, Waikato
New Zealand
Our Co-Op. Our Future. Your vote.
Dear Name,
Have your say on LIC’s future - Internet voting, postal voting & proxy appointments close 10:30am
Monday 12 March 2018 or you can vote in person at the Special Meeting, 10:30am Wednesday 14 March
2018 at LIC Newstead.
I am writing to you about an important proposal to simplify LIC’s share structure by bringing LIC’s two
classes of shares (co-operative and investment) together into a single class.
After a comprehensive process that began in 2016 in response to shareholder concerns about the
existing share structure, we are now pleased to recommend to you the proposed new share structure.
It will:
• Protect the co-operative principles that are fundamental to LIC
• Ensure a fairer system that treats all shareholders equally
• Give LIC capital flexibility in the future
• Support LIC’s strategy (Vision, Purpose, Strategic Themes and Values)
• Deliver a simpler share structure with less hassle for shareholders and LIC
Under the current share structure co-operative shareholders have greater voting rights but have
limited exposure to the financial benefits of our recent transformation programme and future growth
opportunities. Conversely, investment shareholders, while having a right to a greater share of the
economic value created by LIC for its shareholders, have limited ability to control the strategy or
direction that LIC takes to optimise that value.
This creates potentially serious conflicts between the two existing classes of shares. The Board
believes these conflicts will worsen over time and that now is the time to address these conflicts given
they will otherwise lead to issues for the on-going management and governance of LIC.
The proposal will reduce these conflicts, preserve LIC’s co-operative principles and allow us to focus
on a strategy designed to benefit all shareholders equally.
Share simplification is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders and LIC. While the
impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for some shareholders depending on their
current investment mix, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects.
It is now time for you as an LIC shareholder and owner of the co-operative to vote on these
important changes.
You
currently
have
You
will now
have
You
end up with
Currently
Step
Step
800
co-operative shares
=800 votes
=no cash dividend
200
investment shares
=0 votes
=200 dividends
3200
shares
(800 x fully paid ordinary shares)
(2400 nil paid ordinary shares)
=3200 votes
=3200 dividends
800
fully paid
ordinary shares
=800 votes
=800 dividends
4000
ordinary shares
All shares receive a dividend and have a vote
Your shareholding
See the accompanying Information Booklet and Notice of Meeting for more detail on the simplification process
or visit www.lic.co.nz/vote
1
2
What does it mean for
your shareholding?
Attached to this letter is an exact breakdown of how your LIC shareholding will change under the
proposed share simplification process.
The Share Simplification Booklet accompanying this letter introduces key aspects of this proposal,
along with the history of LIC’s share structure, and why we’re wanting to simplify it.
I’d encourage you to read both the Share Simplification Booklet and the Notice of Meeting before
voting. The Notice of Meeting provides important detail about the changes, their impact, and the
voting process.
Voting is easy and will only take a few minutes of your time. It is vital that you have your say over this
important aspect of LIC’s future.
Thanks to our partnership with electionz.com you can vote anytime online using your phone or
computer and all you need is your pin and password. You can also vote by post, in person, or by
appointing a proxy to attend the meeting on your behalf.
More information on how to vote is in the Notice of Meeting and with your voting papers.
These changes will only happen if approved by co-operative shareholders and investment
shareholders, each to a level of 75% or more of the votes received. Ministerial consent is also required
for the proposed changes to the Constitution.
Internet voting, postal voting & proxy appointments close 10:30am Monday 12 March 2018 or you
can vote in person at the Special Meeting, 10:30am Wednesday 14 March.
The Board of LIC and the Shareholders Council recommend a YES vote. The Independent Advisor
believes that the proposal on balance is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders
and LIC.
Moving to a single class of shares is about future proofing LIC and ensuring a resilient and adaptable
co-operative for generations to come.
For our co-operative to stay strong it is important that these changes happen. We urge you to support
them by voting yes.
Two classes of shares with unequal rights are not suitable for this modern, progressive co-operative.
Thank you for taking the time to read this letter.
Kind regards,
Murray King
Chairman of LIC
Share Simplification Key Points:
1From two classes of shares to one
2Fundamentals of co-operative protected
3All shareholders will have a vote and receive cash dividends based on profit
4Share standard will increase
5All shares will be listed and subject to market pricing
Jim Smith - XXXXXXXX
LIC Participant Code
This is how your LIC Shareholding will change
under the share simplification process
---
Livestock Improvement Corporation
Independent Appraisal Report
Prepared in Relation to the Proposed Share Simplification
February 2018
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 4
1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.2. Summary of the Proposal....................................................................................................... 4
1.3. Summary of our Assessment of the Proposal ........................................................................ 5
1.4. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.0 Profile of LIC ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.1. Overview of the Company ...................................................................................................... 8
2.2. Significant Historical Events ................................................................................................... 8
2.3. Capital Structure and Ownership ........................................................................................... 9
2.4. Share Price Performance and Liquidity ................................................................................ 11
2.5. Summary Financial Results ................................................................................................. 12
2.6. Outlook................................................................................................................................. 15
3.0 Valuation of LIC ..................................................................................................................... 17
3.1. Valuation Methodology ........................................................................................................ 17
3.2. Preferred Valuation Approach for LIC .................................................................................. 18
3.3. Earnings Multiple Valuation.................................................................................................. 19
3.4. Valuation Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 24
4.0 Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal .......................................................................... 26
4.1. Overview .............................................................................................................................. 26
4.2. Relative Value Attributed to Investment Shares ................................................................... 28
4.3. Impact on Control Position of the Company ......................................................................... 28
4.4. Other Implications for LIC Shareholders .............................................................................. 29
Appendix 1. Comparable Company Information........................................................................ 35
Appendix 2. Sources of Information Used in this Report ......................................................... 37
Appendix 3. Declarations, Qualifications and Consents .......................................................... 38
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 3
Abbreviations and Definitions
Abbreviations and Definitions
Company Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited
Co-operative Control Shares The first class of LIC shares carrying voting rights, with a nominal value, whose
ownership is directly tied to Qualifying Expenditure at LIC and cannot be directly
traded
Co-operative Control Shareholder Person holding one or more Co-operative Control Shares
DIRA The Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001
EBIT Earnings before interest and taxation
EBITDA Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation
EV Enterprise Value
Exchange Ratio The number of Ordinary Shares that each Investment Share is reclassified to
under the Proposal
Fully Paid Share Ordinary shares reclassified from Co-operative Control Shares and Investment
Shares whose face value has been paid up
Fonterra Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited
GBP British pounds
IAR This Independent Appraisal Report prepared by Northington Partners
Investment Shares The second class of LIC shares which carry no voting rights but are entitled to the
economic profit of LIC and are listed on the NZAX with trading restricted to Co-
operative Control Shareholders
Investment Shareholder Person holding one or more Investment Shares
kgMS Kilograms of milk solids
LIC Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited
Milk Price The Fonterra Farmgate Milk Price that Fonterra forecasts and pays to its suppliers
for each dairy season per kgMS
Nil Paid Share Ordinary shares issued under the Proposal to Co-operative Control Shareholders
whose face value has not been paid up
NMR National Milk Records PLC
Northington Partners Northington Partners Limited
Notice of Meeting The notice of special meeting of LIC shareholders and accompanying material in
relation to the Proposal
NZAX The NZX Alternative Market exchange
NZX NZX Limited
Ordinary Shares Single class of shares which current Co-operative Control Shares and Investment
Shares are reclassified to, and which are issued as part of the Proposal
PGG Wrightson PGG Wrightson Limited
Proposal The proposed change in capital structure to move LIC from a dual class structure
to a single class structure as detailed in the Notice of Meeting
Qualifying Expenditure The dollar amount of purchases of products and services from LIC identified by
LIC as qualifying in its services catalogue, and upon which required ownership of
Co-operative Control Shares is based
Share Ownership Ratio The proportion of Co-operative Control Shares to Investment Shares that a
shareholder holds
Share Standard The number of shares that a Co-operative Control Shareholder must own based
on their Qualifying Expenditure, currently 1 share for every $25 of Qualifying
Expenditure
Synlait Synlait Milk Limited
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 4
Executive Summary
1.0 Executive Summary
1.1. Introduction
Livestock Improvement Corporation Limited (“LIC” or the “Company”) is a user-owned co-operative
that develops, produces and markets artificial breeding, genetics, farm software, farm automation and
herd testing services to over 10,000 New Zealand dairy farmers and international customers.
The Company currently has two classes of shares:
▪ “Co-operative Control Shares” – 100% owned by LIC customers, who must subscribe for
shares with a nominal value equal to 4% of their Qualifying Expenditure with the Company
over the preceding dairy season; and
▪ “Investment Shares” - listed on the NZAX market, with trading restricted to Co-operative
Control Shareholders.
In response to inherent conflicts between the holders of the two classes of shares, LIC began a
comprehensive review of its share structure two years ago. A number of alternative structures have
been evaluated and the LIC Board has now resolved to proceed with a proposal to simplify the
Company’s capital structure and move to a single class of Ordinary Shares (the “Proposal”).
The LIC Board has commissioned Northington Partners Limited (“Northington Partners”) to prepare
an Independent Appraisal Report (“IAR”) in relation to the Proposal. While a report is not formally
required from a regulatory point of view, it will be made available to all shareholders to ensure that
they are appropriately informed when deciding whether or not to approve the relevant resolutions in
relation to the Proposal.
The principal purpose of the IAR is to provide an independent assessment of the rationale for the
Proposal, its merits and the fairness to the holders of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment
Shares respectively. These issues are all considered within the context of the current purpose and
potential future strategy of the Company.
1.2. Summary of the Proposal
Full details of the Proposal are set out in the Notice of Special Meeting and Explanatory
Memorandum (“Notice of Meeting”) which will be sent to all LIC shareholders. That includes a
description of the background and purpose of the Proposal, as well as details on the mechanics of
the process and the impact of the changes for each individual shareholder.
Table 1 summarises the key features of the two share classes currently on issue.
Table 1: Summary of Key Features of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares
Feature Co-operative Control Shares Investment Shares
Shares on
Issue
6,281,892 (18% of total shares on issue) 29,528,590 (82% of total shares on issue)
Voting
Rights
1
Full standard voting rights Voting rights only in respect of matters
affecting their rights and in the event of a
liquidation of the Company
Dividend
Policy
Receive preferred dividends based on
Westpac New Zealand’s farm first mortgage
interest rates (to the extent they are paid)
Receive ordinary dividends based on LIC’s
financial performance
Ownership
Requirement
Must hold shares with aggregate nominal
value equal to 4% of expenditure on LIC’s
qualifying products or services (assuming
this expenditure is more than $500)
No obligation to own Investment Shares
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 5
Executive Summary
Feature Co-operative Control Shares Investment Shares
Ownership
Restrictions
Cannot be traded; shares are issued or
redeemed by the Company so that
customers remain compliant with the Share
Standard
Can only be traded between Co-operative
Control shareholders. A shareholder can
own a maximum of 5% of Investment Shares
on issue and must sell within two years of no
longer holding Co-operative Control Shares
Number of
Shareholders
10,212 6,691
Share
Trading and
Redemption
Issued and redeemed by LIC at a nominal
value of $1.00 per share
Traded on the NZAX through registered
brokers or directly between shareholders off-
market
1
Any single shareholder is limited to 1% of total voting rights.
Under the Proposal, all shares in LIC will be reclassified into a single class of shares which are
Ordinary Shares. The steps involved in the process are set out in the Notice of Meeting under the
section titled “What does the Proposal involve”, and are designed to deliver an outcome whereby the
aggregate number (and value) of Ordinary Shares held by each group of shareholders is consistent
with the number of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares that are currently on issue.
1.3. Summary of our Assessment of the Proposal
Our full assessment of the merits of the Proposed Transaction for LIC shareholders is set out in
Section 4.0, and summarised below in Table 2.
Table 2: Summary of Conclusions
Item Key Conclusions
Further
Information
Overview
▪ The current share structure creates potential conflicts between the Co-
operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares, which in turn gives
rise to a number of issues for the on-going management and governance
of the Company.
▪ The key conflicts relate to shareholders at two ends of the Co-operative
Control Share and Investment Share ownership spectrum (those having
the majority of their investment in LIC weighted to either class).
Shareholders weighted to Co-operative Control Shares have greater
voting rights but a limited share in the future prospects of the Company or
exposure to the potential financial benefits of LIC’s recent transformation
programme and new growth opportunities. Conversely, those
shareholders with more Investment Shares obtain a greater share of the
economic value of LIC and its potential future growth with no ability to
control the strategy or direction of the Company.
▪ These potential conflicts are exacerbated by the fact that the shareholders
do not own the same proportions of the two share classes; for example,
about 36% of shareholders only hold Co-operative Control Shares, while
another 31% are overweight in Investment Shares (own a higher ratio of
Investment Shares compared to the overall ratio of 18% Co-operative
Control Shares / 82% Investment Shares).
▪ We believe that simplifying the capital structure to one class of share now
is a sensible goal. Doing so will eliminate the conflict, preserve the
company’s co-operative principles and allow the Company to focus on a
strategy designed to benefit all shareholders equally.
▪ Unfortunately, the proposed implementation process is relatively
complicated and has different impacts for different groups of
shareholders, largely dependent on the relative holding of Co-operative
Control Shares compared to Investment Shares.
▪ Those shareholders who currently only own Co-operative Control Shares
are likely to do so simply to meet the Share Standard required to access
LIC’s goods and services. The Proposal results in these farmers both
increasing their investment in LIC through Nil Paid Shares (in essence, an
interest free loan from the Company) and, given the terms of the Ordinary
Shares, effectively converting their exposure to the Company to more of a
Section 4.1
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 6
Executive Summary
Item Key Conclusions
Further
Information
standard commercial interest. This commercial focus is more in line with
the current objectives of the Investment Shares.
▪ While some of the current shareholders who are underweight in
Investment Shares may view the consequences of the Proposal
negatively, we suggest that the impacts on an individual basis are
relatively limited. Most farmers’ investment in LIC is not very material in
the context of their overall farming operations and the Proposal will not
significantly change that position.
▪ Those shareholders overweight in Investment Shares are giving up some
economic value in LIC through a reduced share of the future profits of the
Company but obtain voting rights that will provide greater influence over
the strategy and future direction of the Company (including the ability to
vote on director appointments). This change will ensure Investment
Shareholders have greater ability to preserve their economic interests.
▪ When considered across all LIC shareholders, we conclude that the
benefits of the Proposal outweigh the potential negative impacts for some
groups of existing shareholders.
Relative
Value
Attributed to
Investment
Shares
▪ Implementation of the Proposal requires an assessment of the current
intrinsic value of the Investment Shares compared to the $1.00 nominal
value attributed to the Co-operative Control Shares. The relative value
attributed to each share class is important because it determines how
much of the total economic value of the business is allocated to each
group of shareholders as part of the Proposal.
▪ Based on a range of factors, including independent expert advice, the LIC
Board has attributed a relative value of $4.00 to each Investment Share.
This is broadly in line with our assessed value range for the Investment
Shares of between $3.81 and $4.88 per share, with a mid-point of $4.34.
▪ We therefore conclude that the adopted Investment Share value of $4.00
per share is fair to all shareholders.
Section 4.2
Impact on
Control
Position of
the Company
▪ Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the
Company are attached to the Co-operative Control Shares. Following
completion of the Proposal, all Ordinary Shares on issue will have voting
rights and the distribution of voting rights amongst shareholders will
change.
▪ The Proposal would have no impact on the control position if all
shareholders held the same ratio of Co-operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares. However, the shareholders who are underweight in
Investment Shares will end up with a lower level of voting rights and those
with an overweight position in Investment Shares will increase their
relative voting control.
▪ These changes for individual farmers are not material. No shareholder
currently has a significant control position in LIC and the Proposal will not
change that position at an individual farmer level.
▪ However, the overall control position for the group of farmers who
currently only own Co-operative Control Shares will be materially affected,
moving from 40% of the total voting rights on issue down to 7%.
Conversely, the total voting rights currently held by those shareholders
who are characterised as being overweight in Investment Shares will
increase from 26% to 69%.
▪ That means that a significant block of voting rights will effectively be
transferred from a group of shareholders who currently have limited
commercial interest in the Company (via either zero or a limited position in
Investment Shares) to those that are currently most focused on
commercial outcomes (holding a relatively high number of Investment
Shares). In effect these shareholders are giving up their voting interests in
exchange for a greater entitlement to the future profits of LIC.
▪ While these changes are important, we note that if the Proposal does go
ahead, all shareholders should then be uniformly focused on commercial
returns irrespective of their current relative holdings in Co-operative
Control Shares and Investment Shares.
Section 4.3
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 7
Executive Summary
Item Key Conclusions
Further
Information
Other
Implications
for LIC
Shareholders
The Proposal will have a range of other potential implications for all LIC
shareholders:
▪ Share Standard: A number of changes to the current Share Standard are
proposed as part of the Proposal. We believe that these will provide some
benefits to both the Company and its shareholders in the future and will
be implemented in a way which has limited short-term impact on the
current shareholders.
▪ Market Price Risk: All Ordinary Shares will be subject to market price risk
and may trade at prices above or below the implied issue price at
inception (which is based on the assessed $4.00 value of the Investment
Shares). The risk is especially relevant to farmers who may be looking to
retire in the short term and will therefore need to sell all of their shares. In
relation to the nil paid Ordinary Shares issued in exchange for Co-
operative Control Shares, it is possible that a retiring farmer will need to
pay-up the share to $1.00 and then sell the share on-market at a lower
price.
▪ Liquidity: While the Investment Shares are currently listed on the NZAX
market, liquidity is extremely low. We believe that there could be a higher
level of liquidity in the Ordinary Shares following the Proposal, but note
that the improvement is likely to be modest.
▪ Dividends Returns: Shareholders will be giving up the preferred dividend
on their Co-operative Control Shares for ordinary dividends meaning all
shareholders’ future dividends will be directly linked to the future financial
performance of LIC. While LIC paid no dividends on Co-operative Control
or Investment Shares in FY17, assuming future dividends in-line with
historic averages, shareholders with no Investment Shares (or
underweight Investment Shares) will receive a greater share of future total
dividends and shareholders overweight Investment Shares will suffer a
modest level of dilution in exchange for greater control. Shareholders with
a relatively balanced level of Co-operative Control to Investment Shares
will receive similar dividend returns to what they do currently.
Section 4.4
1.4. Conclusion
On balance, we believe that the Proposal is in the best interests of both classes of shareholders and
the Company. While the impacts of moving to a single share structure differ for some groups of
shareholders depending on their current relative investment in Co-operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares, we believe that the overall benefits outweigh the negative effects. The current
dual share structure gives rise to a potentially serious conflict of interest between the two shareholder
groups and poses a considerable barrier to meeting the objectives of the Company. The
reclassification to one class of Ordinary Shares will ensure that the Company can retain its co-
operative principles while focusing on a future strategy that optimises the outcomes for all
shareholders.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 8
Profile of LIC
2.0 Profile of LIC
2.1. Overview of the Company
LIC is a farmer owned co-operative providing bovine genetics and technology solutions. Its history
traces back to 1909 when herd testing services were first provided, and the Company is now the largest
provider of artificial breeding services in New Zealand with management estimating LIC’s market share
between 75% and 80%.
LIC primarily provides solutions across four distinct but connected segments:
▪ Genetics: Provision of bovine genetic breeding material and related services to dairy farmers;
▪ Herd Testing: Measurement of milk outputs to assist with herd management and optimisation;
▪ Farm Software: Herd data recording and management through its MINDA software platform, and
other information services; and
▪ Farm Automation: On-farm automation solutions such as drafting gates and sensors, primarily
through the Protrack brand. These typically integrate with LIC’s MINDA platform.
In addition to these segments, LIC also earns revenues from diagnostics, animal health and treatment
and other ancillary services.
In December 2016, LIC separated into two businesses, a herd improvement company (LIC) and an
agritechnology subsidiary (LIC Agritechnology Company Limited) which operates the software and
automation business. This separation was done with the intention to create further growth options for
the agritechnology business, and potentially allow for external investment into that business. Despite
this move, LIC currently continues to operate as one single, combined business.
2.2. Significant Historical Events
Key milestones in LIC’s history since inception are summarised below.
Date Event
1909 First routine herd testing services commenced by New Zealand farmers.
1935 Artificial insemination trials begin in New Zealand.
1988 LIC Corporation formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of the New Zealand Dairy Board.
2001 The Dairy Industry Restructuring Act 2001 (“DIRA”) passes into law.
2002 LIC takes its current form as a user-owned co-operative.
2003 Shareholders approve a dual share structure consisting of Co-operative Control Shares and
Investment Shares.
2003 LIC enters the automation solutions sector with the launch of Protrack.
2004 Investment Shares listed on the NZAX market.
2008 LIC removes requirement for Co-operative Control Shareholders to own Investment Shares, and
institutes the current maximum 5% shareholding cap for Investment Shareholders.
Jun-16 LIC commences a national roadshow to discuss potential changes to the co-operative’s capital
structure.
Dec-16 LIC separates into a herd improvement co-operative and an agritech company subsidiary.
Jun-17 LIC announces that when it communicates its preferred option for capital restructure in early
2018, it expects to seek shareholder approval to move to a single class of shares.
Source: LIC announcements and website, IRESS.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 9
Profile of LIC
2.3. Capital Structure and Ownership
2.3.1. Dual Class Share Structure
LIC has a dual share class structure consisting of Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares.
Co-operative Control Shares hold voting rights but are not entitled to an ordinary dividend, while
Investment Shares receive dividends but have limited voting rights. Co-operative Control Shares
receive a preferred dividend, at the discretion of LIC’s board, based on the mortgage lending rates of
LIC’s bankers. The Co-operative Control Shares have a fixed nominal value of $1.00 per share, while
the Investment Shares trade freely amongst Co-operative Control Shareholders on the NZAX.
All customers of LIC are required to own 1 Co-operative Control Share for every $25 of Qualifying
Expenditure made during the most recent dairy season (subject to a minimum threshold). As the
quantum of purchases by a shareholder changes from season to season, LIC issues and / or redeems
Co-operative Control Shares from each shareholder at the $1.00 nominal value. Only LIC customers
can own Co-operative Control Shares, and should a farmer cease to be a customer they will be forced
to redeem their shareholding.
Ownership of Investment Shares is restricted to Co-operative Control Shareholders (apart from the LIC
Employee Share Scheme), but there is no obligation for Co-operative Shareholders to hold any
Investment Shares if they so choose. Co-operative Shareholders can buy and sell Investment Shares
on the NZAX subject to a limit that no shareholder can own more than 5% of all Investment Shares. A
farmer who ceases to be a Co-operative Shareholder must divest their shareholding in Investment
Shares within two years.
2.3.2. Shareholding Breakdown and Distribution
As at 10 January 2018, LIC had 6,281,892 Co-operative Control Shares and 29,528,590 Investment
Shares on issue, spread over 10,212 Co-operative Control Shareholders. Approximately 6,378
shareholders own both Co-operative and Investment Shares. There were an additional 308
shareholders who own only Investment Shares, representing 4.3% of Investment Shares in aggregate.
These represent employee holdings under the LIC Employee Share Scheme and former customers
who are in the process of divesting their shareholdings.
Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the Company are attached to the Co-
operative Control Shares. If the Proposal is approved, all of the Ordinary Shares will have voting rights
and this change will have an impact on the overall control position of the Company, both at an
aggregate level and potentially for each individual shareholder (as already discussed above and in
Section 4.1).
Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of voting rights across the LIC shareholder base in order from the
highest number of Co-operative Control shares to lowest. This indicates that most of LIC’s shareholders
hold less than 2,000 Co-operative Control Shares (with only 240 shareholders holding more). While
there is no clear relationship between the number of Co-operative Control Shares a shareholder holds
and the number of Investment Shares they choose to own, the largest shareholders of one class are
typically not significant shareholders of the other. LIC’s largest Co-operative Shareholder holds 8,447
Co-operative Control Shares (0.1% of total) and its largest Investment Shareholder holds 794,027
Investment Shares (2.7% of total).
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 10
Profile of LIC
Figure 1: Co-operative and Investment Shareholding Across LIC’s Shareholders
Source: LIC, Northington Partners.
Figure 2 shows the distribution of shareholders based on the percentage of their total shareholding
(being Co-operative Control Shares plus Investment Shares) that is represented by Investment Shares.
This illustrates that the while the most common position amongst LIC shareholders is to hold only Co-
operative Control Shares (with about 3,800 or 36% of shareholders in this position), the majority of
shareholders do hold both Co-operative and Investment Shares. Amongst these dual class holders, it is
most common for Investment Shares to comprise over 75% of each individual’s total shareholding.
Figure 2: Number of Shareholders Categorised by Ratio of Shareholding Between Share Classes
Source: LIC, Northington Partners.
Approximately 18% of the total number of shares on issue are Co-operative Control Shares (6,281,892
shares), with the remaining 82% being Investment Shares (29,528,590 shares). This 18%:82% ratio is
referred to as the Share Ownership Ratio and is a useful benchmark against which to compare each
individual shareholder’s personal position. Those that have less than 82% of their total shareholding in
Investment Shares can be described as being underweight in Investment Shares, while those with
greater than 82% are overweight in Investment Shares.
Based on the shareholder distribution data summarised in Figure 2, we note that:
▪ About 5,900 shareholders (56% of the total) are underweight Investment Shares, including
approximately 3,800 shareholders (36%) that don’t own any Investment Shares at all;
▪ Approximately 1,000 shareholders (10%) have a balanced position, with between 80% and 85%
of their total shares represented by Investment Shares; and
▪ About 3,300 shareholders (31%) are overweight in Investment Shares, with an additional 308
shareholders (3%) holding only Investment Shares.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
Co
-
operative Control Shares
Investment Shares
No. of Investment Shares Held (RHS)No. of Co-op Shares Held (LHS)
Shareholder #10,524
Shareholder #1
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
0%0 - 10%- 20%- 30%- 40%- 50%- 60%- 70%- 80%- 90%<100%100%
Number of Shareholders
Percentage of Total Shareholding Held as Investment Shares
100% Co-op Shares
100% InvestmentShares
(employees and former
customers)
A shareholder with a 18%/82%ratio of Co-
operative Shares to Investment Shares has
a position that is consistent with the overall
number of shares on issue.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 11
Profile of LIC
As discussed further in Section 4.0, we suggest that some shareholders’ views on the merits of the
Proposal may be related to their relative shareholding position and the degree to which they are
underweight or overweight in Investment Shares.
2.4. Share Price Performance and Liquidity
Figure 3 summarises the total shareholder return (being capital movements plus dividends) from LIC’s
NZAX-traded Investment Shares for the five-year period ending 9 January 2018, relative to the NZX50
Gross Index. While LIC exhibited strong returns over 2013 and 2014, it’s returns since 2015 have been
depressed, significantly impacted by reduced capital investment by dairy farmers under a lower dairy
payout environment. In turn this has resulted in reduced liquidity in LIC which is likely to have
contributed to LIC’s relatively poor share price performance in the last three years of the period. Over
the last five years, Investment Shares have delivered an aggregate -47% return compared to 107% for
the NZX50.
Figure 3: LIC Total Shareholder Return Relative to NZX50 (Rebased to 100)
Source: IRESS, Northington Partners.
Figure 4 illustrates the value and volume of Investment Shares traded over the last 10 years (up to the
end of 2017). The volume of Investment Shares traded has shown a general declining trend since
2008/2009. However, trading values increased over 2012 to 2014 coinciding with a period of higher
profitability and dividends. The resulting higher share price and active dividend reinvestment plan
resulted in higher trading values. However, from 2015 onwards, both the share price and volumes
traded declined, with just $2 million of shares changing hands in 2016 ($3 million in 2017).
Figure 4: LIC Investment Value and Volume Traded Over Last 10 Years
Source: IRESS, Northington Partners.
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan-13Jul-13Jan-14Jul-14Jan-15Jul-15Jan-16Jul-16Jan-17Jul-17Jan-18
Index (base:100)
LICNZX50 Gross Index
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
10.0%
$0m
$2m
$4m
$6m
$8m
$10m
2017201620152014201320122011201020092008
Value of Shares Traded ($m)
Volume as % of Outstanding Shares
Value TradedVolume Traded as a % of Outstanding Shares
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 12
Profile of LIC
LIC is now one of the most illiquid shares listed on the NZX. Figure 5 compares the average daily
volume traded over the last 12 months as a percentage of the free float for LIC’s Investment Shares,
compared with other NZX-listed companies with a free float market capitalisation between $20 million
and $500 million. On this basis, LIC is the second most illiquid stock amongst its peers, with just 0.01%
of its free float traded each day. Only South Port NZ Limited, which is majority owned and controlled by
the Southland Regional Council, is less liquid than LIC. For a company of LIC’s size, we would
ordinarily expect trading volumes to be significantly higher.
Figure 5: Average Daily Volume Traded Relative to Free Float for NZX-listed Shares with a Market
Capitalisation between $20 and $500 million
Source: IRESS, Capital IQ, Northington Partners. Based on the 12 months of trading to 10 January 2018.
While there is a positive relationship between market capitalisation and liquidity, Figure 5 indicates that
there is significant variability in liquidity for similarly sized companies based on their individual
characteristics. For LIC, we suggest that the low level of liquidity is directly attributable to the share
ownership restrictions which require that shareholders must be a customer and that no shareholder can
own more than 5% of the Investment Shares on issue. These effects are further exacerbated by the
fact that 36% of the LIC shareholders do not own any Investment Shares, and possibly reflect the lack
of market research coverage for LIC and the recent poor share price performance.
2.5. Summary Financial Results
2.5.1. Financial Performance
A summary of LIC’s financial performance over the last five years is set out in Table 3 below.
Table 3: Historical Financial Performance
Year Ended 31 May (NZ$ millions) FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17
NZ Genetics 82.2 86.3 90.8 82.6 81.4
Herd Testing 25.2 29.2 28.4 22.1 24.6
Farm Software 42.9 36.2 39.2 40.2 41.2
Farm Automation 12.0 16.5 20.2 17.1 14.3
Other Revenue
1
37.2 43.4 53.9 48.8 42.0
Total Revenue 199.5 211.5 232.5 210.7 203.5
Cost of sales (29.2) (30.9) (39.8) (37.5) (28.4)
Gross Profit 170.3 180.6 192.7 173.3 175.1
Staff expenses (83.0) (89.6) (93.6) (93.0) (89.4)
Other expenses (46.3) (48.6) (59.9) (53.6) (49.6)
0.00%
0.05%
0.10%
0.15%
0.20%
0.25%
0.30%
0.35%
0.40%
0.45%
$0m$100m$200m$300m$400m$500m
Daily Volume as % of Free Float Shares
Free Float Market Capitalisation
LIC
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 13
Profile of LIC
Operating earnings before depreciation and
amortisation, finance costs, tax and fair value
adjustments (“EBITDA”)
41.0 42.4 39.2 26.7 36.2
Depreciation (7.3) (8.6) (9.9) (11.0) (9.6)
Amortisation (6.4) (8.5) (11.2) (13.6) (18.5)
Operating earnings before finance costs, tax
and fair value adjustments (“EBIT”)
27.3 25.3 18.1 2.1 8.1
Net finance expense 1.2 0.6 (0.7) (0.9) (2.2)
Tax expense (7.5) (7.3) (6.5) (1.5) (2.8)
Underlying profit after tax 20.9 18.6 11.0 (0.3) 3.0
Post-tax fair value adjustments 2.7 (0.6) 2.7 (3.7) 17.8
Reported profit after tax 23.7 18.0 13.7 (4.0) 20.8
Underlying earnings per Investment Share (cents) 70.9 63.0 37.1 -1.0 10.3
Dividend per Investment Share (cents) 54.9 35.9 20.3 0.0 6.4
Normalisations
EBIT 27.3 25.3 18.1 2.1 8.1
(Gain) / loss on sale of fixed assets 0.2 0.1 1.4 (0.3) (1.1)
Project Pace costs - - - - 1.6
Other one-off costs - - 0.6 3.1 3.1
Normalised EBIT 27.5 25.4 20.1 4.9 11.7
Sources: LIC Annual Reports and Management. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
1
Includes international operations, support services, research & development, diagnostics, animal health, and other services.
The main features of LIC’s historical financial performance can be summarised as follows:
▪ LIC’s revenue has generally moved in line with the performance of the dairy sector, having
increased to a peak in FY15 and then declining in the subsequent two years. Dairy prices fell
significantly over the 2014/15 season, which affected demand for services in FY16. Genetics
revenue fell as farmers substituted to lower cost breeding products, while also reducing their
frequency of herd testing. Software revenues remained stable as these are typically levied on a
herd size basis, while automation revenue fell as fewer farmers chose to install new systems.
▪ Gross margin has remained relatively stable over the five-year period at between 82% and
86%, with gross profit moving in line with revenue.
▪ EBITDA remained relatively steady between FY13 and FY15 despite increasing revenues, due
to an increased overhead base. The reduction in revenue in FY16 translated into reduced
earnings; this reduction was greater at the EBIT level, with increased levels of depreciation and
amortisation.
▪ LIC’s depreciation and amortisation expenses have increased substantially over the period due
to significant capital expenditure on plant and equipment and intangible software. Capital
expenditure has typically been significantly higher than depreciation and amortisation (as
illustrated in Table 5) as LIC has invested in its software platform and technology offering.
While capital expenditure reduced significantly in FY17, future capital expenditure levels are
expected to be more in line with depreciation and amortisation expenses.
▪ Also contributing to the weak results in FY16 and FY17’s were one-off expenses as
summarised in the normalisation adjustments. One-off costs in FY16 primarily relate to
restructure redundancies in the NZ Markets operations. FY17 one-off costs largely consist of
fees relating to Project Pace (see section 2.6) and capital structure changes.
▪ The net finance expense includes the preferred dividend paid to Co-operative Shareholders
during the year (i.e. relating to the previous year), which was nil for FY17 and between $0.5
million and $0.6 million for FY13 to FY16.
▪ Fair value adjustments relate to non-cash changes in the value of LIC’s bull team, as
determined annually via a discounted cash flow approach. The value of the team is tied to the
performance of the NZ dairy industry and fluctuates accordingly.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 14
Profile of LIC
LIC reported a much-improved trading result for the first half of FY18, with EBIT of $43.2 million (before
one-off costs of $20.7 million), 52% higher than the same period last year. However, due to the high
seasonality of its business, LIC’s interim results include the majority of the financial year’s revenue but
not a proportionate share of costs, and thus are not indicative of its full year result. The Company has
provided guidance that it expects its underlying profit after tax to be similar to FY17’s $3 million
(including one-off costs of Project Pace). Once the benefits of Project Pace are realised and with no
further one-off costs being incurred, LIC expects FY19 underlying earnings to be between $18 - $26
million, assuming no significant climate events or Milk Price declines.
2.5.2. Financial Position
A summary of LIC’s financial position for the five years to the end of FY17 is set out in Table 4, along
with the interim position as at the end of November 2017.
Table 4: Historical Financial Position
As at 31 May (NZ$ millions) FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17
30 Nov
2017
Assets
Cash & cash equivalents 19.7 15.5 2.5 2.7 3.5 7.6
Trade and other receivables 36.8 37.3 34.4 41.2 47.5 79.5
Inventories 9.0 10.8 13.2 14.6 12.0 11.7
Fixed assets 71.1 77.0 88.2 92.3 78.4 69.3
Biological assets 92.2 91.4 95.1 89.9 115.3 114.3
Intangible assets 35.8 50.1 65.4 79.7 73.1 74.8
Other Assets 10.9 1.7 2.8 3.3 5.2 13.5
Assets held for sale - - - - 6.5 -
Total Assets 275.5 283.8 301.5 323.7 341.5 370.7
Liabilities
Trade and other payables 21.3 23.8 23.4 22.8 22.1 21.8
Provisions 8.9 9.4 10.3 9.1 8.3 14.6
Borrowings - - 10.4 42.8 32.1 39.2
Co-operative control shares 5.4 6.3 6.5 6.8 6.2 6.3
Other liabilities 31.0 30.8 32.2 31.2 39.3 39.9
Total Liabilities 66.6 70.4 82.7 112.7 108.1 121.7
Net Assets 208.9 213.4 218.8 211.0 233.4 248.9
Sources: LIC Annual Reports and Management. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
In relation to LIC’s financial position, we note that:
▪ Both fixed and intangible assets have increased significantly over the last five years following
LIC’s investment into its software platform and automation offerings. Correspondingly, LIC’s
borrowings have increased to fund this expenditure.
▪ Biological assets reflect the value of LIC’s bull team, which moves in line with market factors.
▪ LIC typically has a higher debt balance at November, as it is financing a significant amount of
trade receivables from customers. The Company has reduced its borrowings significantly over
FY18, with the sale of its deer improvement business and the Riverlea Road depot adding to
the improved financial position. The net debt position (being borrowings less cash) has reduced
to $31.6 million at November 2017, down from $46.8 million as at November 2016.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 15
Profile of LIC
2.5.3. Cash Flow
Table 5 summarises of LIC’s cash flow movements over the last five years.
Table 5: Historical Cash Flow Statement
Year Ended 31 May (NZ$ millions) FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17
Receipts from customers 189.7 209.9 231.7 201.4 205.2
Payments to suppliers and employees (159.5) (168.3) (192.1) (184.0) (177.1)
Other operating cash flows (4.5) (4.5) (4.9) (3.0) (2.7)
Cash flow from operating activities 25.8 37.0 34.8 14.4 25.4
Acquisition of intangibles (13.2) (22.8) (26.6) (21.5) (11.9)
Acquisition of fixed assets (10.8) (11.8) (19.1) (12.7) (4.2)
Other investing cash flows 13.5 9.2 (1.3) (6.0) 2.8
Cash flow from investing activities (10.5) (25.4) (47.0) (40.2) (13.3)
Net Co-op Shares paid up / (repurchased) 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.3 (0.6)
Dividends paid on Investment Shares (11.6) (16.2) (10.6) (6.0) -
Preferred dividends paid on Co-op Shares (0.5) (0.5) (0.6) (0.6) -
Increase / (decrease) in borrowings - - 10.4 32.4 (10.5)
Cash flow from financing activities (11.7) (15.9) (0.6) 26.1 (11.1)
Net change in cash before exchange rate effect 3.6 (4.2) (12.9) 0.3 1.0
Sources: LIC Annual Reports and Management. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
The main features of LIC’s historical cash flows can be summarised as follows:
▪ Over the last five years, LIC has invested an average of $30.9 million in capital expenditure
across its intangible (software) and physical fixed assets. This is in addition to an average
annual outlay of $15.1 million in research and development expenses over the same period,
which is captured in operating expenses.
▪ Acquisition of intangibles mainly reflects the capitalisation of development wages and
expenses. Acquisition of fixed assets relate primarily to upgrades and purchases of buildings,
plant and equipment and vehicles.
▪ Positive investing cash flows in FY13 and FY14 reflect realisations from term investments.
▪ Dividends paid on Investment and Co-operative Control Shares reflect the prior year’s declared
payment. This has averaged $8.9 million over the last 5 years for Investment Shares and $0.4
million for Co-operative Control Shares.
2.6. Outlook
2.6.1. Project Pace
In 2016, LIC started Project Pace, a broad transformation programme intending to deliver various cost
savings and revenue increases over both the short and long term. The programme is administered with
the help of external consultants and consists of a large number of individual initiatives. We note the
following features of Project Pace:
▪ As a broad programme it impacts all aspects of LIC’s business. Initiatives range from reducing
fuel consumption through route optimisation for on-farm staff to improved pricing strategies
emphasising LIC’s value-add capabilities.
▪ The one-off costs from Project Pace (aside from external fees) are expected to be
approximately equal to one-off benefits, which should mitigate its impact on reported financial
performance in the short term.
▪ We understand that the majority of Project Pace initiatives to date have been successful, and
this should result in targeted recurring financial benefits in FY18 (and beyond) being achieved.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 16
Profile of LIC
2.6.2. Key determinants of LIC’s future performance
As signalled through the proposed capital structure change and growth initiatives, LIC has an ambitious
strategy to drive an increase in its scope, size and profitability. In our view, the key drivers of its future
performance include:
▪ Milk Prices: Demand for LIC’s products are directly influenced by the Fonterra Milk Price. We
note that while Fonterra lowered its 2017/18 forecast payout by 35 cents to $6.40 in December
2017, that outcome would still represent one of the best results achieved since Fonterra’s
inception. The potential payout beyond the current season cannot be accurately predicted, but
we suggest that the historical level of volatility should be expected to continue.
▪ Cow Population: While the number of dairy cows have been increasing over the last 15 years, it
is now expected to stabilise. This outcome will clearly limit the growth potential for LICs
traditional products in the domestic market.
▪ Project Pace: While the results to date have been promising, there is still uncertainty around the
success of its long-term profitability initiatives.
▪ Automation Business: LIC has invested significantly in its automation business, which has not
seen the anticipated uptake over the 2016 and 2017 seasons. That performance may improve
with the recent increase in dairy prices, particularly if the higher prices can be sustained beyond
the current season.
▪ Overseas Sales: LIC sees an opportunity to considerably increase sales of its software and
hardware internationally. If successful, this offshore expansion would materially diversify LIC’s
performance with respect to the local Milk Price.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 17
Valuation of LIC
3.0 Valuation of LIC
3.1. Valuation Methodology
For most assets, value should be determined as a function of the estimated level of cash returns that
the assets are expected to generate in the future. The specific approach that is used to estimate this
value is dependent on the nature of the asset and the expectations regarding future performance. The
two main approaches usually adopted in the valuation of larger assets and companies are summarised
as follows:
▪ Earnings Multiple: This method determines value by applying a valuation multiple to the
assessed level of maintainable annual earnings (or cash flows), where the multiple is chosen to
reflect the risk associated with the future performance of the asset. Depending on the nature of
the business, earnings can be appropriately measured at the EBITDA, EBITA, EBIT, or NPAT
levels.
▪ Discounted Cash Flows (“DCF”): A DCF approach is based on an explicit forecast of the annual
cash flows that will be generated over a specified forecast period (typically between 5 and 10
years). The value of cash flows that may occur after the end of the explicit forecast period is
incorporated into the valuation process by capitalising an estimate of maintainable cash flows for
the terminal period. A DCF model is therefore usually made up of two components:
(i) The present value of the projected cash flows during the forecast period; and
(ii) The present value of all other cash flows projected to occur after the explicit forecast
period. This component is commonly referred to as the terminal value.
Each approach has some advantages and disadvantages, and the most appropriate choice is
dependent on the characteristics of the business under consideration and the quality of the market data
that is available. The key advantage of the earnings multiple approach is its simplicity. Value can be
determined on the basis of the actual earnings results for the most recent financial reporting period or
the equivalent projection for next year. Companies with well-established operations should be in a
position to supply reasonably reliable earnings projections for the next one or two years, and the
valuation model is therefore only reliant on an independent assessment of the appropriate earnings
multiple. Estimates of an appropriate multiple are typically based on data derived from other
companies that are considered to be comparable to the target company in relation to growth prospects,
capital expenditure requirements, and risk profiles.
Unfortunately, it is extremely rare that the company will have any close comparables with respect to all
of these important characteristics. In many cases, even earnings multiples extracted from a set of
businesses within exactly the same industry will have a wide range of values that reflect company
specific factors rather than the underlying risk level of the industry itself. It then becomes a matter of
judgement to make a series of adjustments to the implied multiples to properly account for the
differences between the companies. These adjustments are often arbitrary and very difficult to
benchmark.
In the majority of cases, the earnings multiple approach is therefore most suited to businesses with a
relatively stable earnings outlook (in the long-run, allowing for short-term variability). For companies
with these characteristics, the multiples derived from market data are more likely to accurately reflect
the market’s perception of the underlying quality of the projected earnings stream.
The DCF approach can provide a better valuation treatment for companies with high future growth
prospects and high capital expenditure requirements. Because each of these factors can be explicitly
incorporated into the valuation process, the DCF model directly accounts for many important value
drivers of the business under consideration. Accessing the necessary data for a DCF model can
however be problematic, especially when there is no credible process by which to construct the future
forecasts of free cash flows. The discounting process is also reliant on an estimate for the required rate
of return. Because this parameter is not directly observable and must be derived from data collected
from other comparable companies, the DCF value is also reliant on the existence of other companies
that have the same risk profile.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 18
Valuation of LIC
3.2. Preferred Valuation Approach for LIC
We believe that the earnings multiple framework is most appropriate for the LIC valuation assessment.
This view reflects the following:
▪ While LIC is projecting substantial earnings growth in the short to medium term, we believe that
it is too early to explicitly forecast future earnings with the required level of confidence. As set
out in Section 2.6, LIC has started to implement a comprehensive range of growth initiatives that
have the potential to materially improve the profitability of the core business streams, as well as
develop and grow new opportunities. The initial progress is encouraging, but there is some way
to go before the projected earnings growth could be reasonably incorporated into a DCF model;
▪ On that basis, we suggest that an earnings multiple approach is best. Notwithstanding the short-
term variability in earnings that is driven by annual fluctuations in the Milk Price, we believe that
LIC’s core operations are relatively stable in the long-run.
We have adopted EBIT as the appropriate earnings measure for the LIC valuation assessment. This
reflects that EBIT is a better proxy for free cash flows for businesses such as LIC which have significant
on-going capital investment requirements for software, research and development and product
development. In these circumstances, EBIT is more appropriate than EBITDA because EBIT accounts
for the high capital expenditure requirements through the depreciation and amortisation charge
(whereby historical capital expenditure is effectively smoothed-out over time).
Our valuation approach for LIC is summarised in Table 6 below, and includes some adjustments which
are needed to reflect LIC’s unique investment circumstances.
Table 6: General Framework for Assessing LIC’s Equity Value
Step Comment
Standalone Enterprise Value
(“EV”)
Represents the aggregate value of the operating assets of the
business. Estimated utilising an Earnings Multiple framework of
forecast EBIT and an appropriate earnings multiple (see Section
3.3.3).
Plus Surplus Assets (if any) The value of assets that are not required to support the on-going
operation of the business and which can therefore be sold.
Less Net Debt An assessment of average net debt over the forecast period
allowing for the seasonality in LIC’s cash flows (see Section
3.3.4).
Equals Total Equity Value The aggregate value of equity held by all LIC shareholders,
including both Investment Shareholders and Co-operative Control
Shareholders.
Less Aggregate Co-operative Control
Share Value
The nominal value of the Co-operative Control Shares as detailed
in Section 3.3.4.
Equals Gross Investment Share Value Gross aggregate value of LIC Investment shares prior to any
discount for their ownership and control restrictions and limited
liquidity.
Less Discount for Reduced
Marketability and Control
Represents the assessed discount for the Investment Shares
from lack of marketability, voting rights and control currently
afforded to the Investment Shares.
Equals Market Value of Investment
Shares
The assessed market value of the Investment Shares as detailed
in Section 3.4.
Source: Northington Partners.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 19
Valuation of LIC
3.3. Earnings Multiple Valuation
3.3.1. Overview
Our Earnings Multiple valuation framework for LIC is based on both historical results and forecasts
provided by LIC, with a range of modifications to reflect our assessment of LIC’s maintainable earnings
through the Milk Price commodity cycle. This largely reflects judgement around LIC’s earnings potential
based on average nominal long-run milk prices, and therefore represents our view of “mid-cycle”
earnings.
3.3.2. Maintainable Earnings
As detailed in Section 2.5, LIC’s earnings have demonstrated a high degree of variability and strong
correlation with the commodity milk price. LIC’s historical performance has also been impacted by a
number of non-recurring items including restructuring costs and gains and losses from the sale of
assets. We have therefore estimated a maintainable EBIT level which reflects the level of earnings LIC
would maintain on average through the milk commodity price cycle and excluding non-recurring items.
We refer to this earnings benchmark as “Mid-Cycle EBIT”, being the expected level of normalised EBIT
in an average but not exceptional (favourable or unfavourable) Milk Price environment.
Figure 6 summarises LIC’s historical and forecast EBIT after normalisation adjustments for non-
recurring items, along with our assessment of mid-cycle EBIT relative to Fonterra’s Milk Price payout.
This covers the 10-year historical period to FY17 and includes the forecast earnings for FY18.
Figure 6: LIC’s Normalised EBIT and Assessed Mid-Cycle EBIT
Source: Northington Partners. Fonterra FY18 Milk Price based on forecast farmgate milk price of $6.40 as of its forecast update
dated 7 December 2017 (excluding dividends).
Figure 6 demonstrates:
▪ Over the 10 year period to FY17, Fonterra’s Milk Price has averaged just over $6.00 per kgMS,
fluctuating between a low of $3.90 per kgMS in the 2015/2016 season and a high of $8.40 per
kgMS in the 2013/2014 season.
▪ As at the date of this report, Fonterra’s forecast payout for the 2017/2018 season is $6.40 per
kgMS, revised down from its previous $6.75 per kgMS forecast in July 2017 (reaffirmed in
September 2017). We note that many of LIC’s customers may have been making their artificial
breeding and herd testing decisions for the 2017/2018 dairy season around the time of higher
Milk Price expectations.
▪ LIC’s 10 year average normalised EBIT to FY17 was approximately $18.7 million, but with
considerable variability through the commodity milk price cycle; normalised earnings has ranged
between $27.5 million in FY13 to $4.9 million in FY16.
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
$7.00
$8.00
$9.00
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
$35
FY08FY09FY10FY11FY12FY13FY14FY15FY16FY17FY18
Milk Price
EBIT ($m)
Financial Year
Normalised EBITAssessed Mid-Cycle EBITFonterra milk price (RHS)
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 20
Valuation of LIC
▪ Allowing for the milk price commodity cycle, our assessed Mid-Cycle EBIT has grown modestly
to approximately $23 million in FY17. This contrasts with LIC’s forecast of normalised EBIT for
FY18 of approximately $30 million.
Based on our analysis, we believe that FY18 performance will largely reflect an above average milk
payout. Therefore, LIC’s FY18 forecast financial performance should reflect better than Mid-Cycle
EBIT. However, as summarised in Section 2.6, LIC has also recently undertaken a range of initiatives
under Project Pace to reduce costs and improve revenue. LIC’s historical performance does not reflect
these initiatives which should, all else equal, improve LIC’s overall profitability. Taking this into account,
we have adopted a Mid-Cycle EBIT of $26 - $28 million, relative to LIC’s current forecast EBIT of $30
million. We believe that this earnings range is consistent with the following observations:
▪ LIC’s performance for the first six months of FY18 demonstrated improved underlying
profitability as initiatives from Project Pace have been realised;
▪ However, some risk remains for achieving full year FY18 forecasts; and
▪ The current Fonterra Milk Price forecast of $6.40 is higher than our assessed mid-cycle level.
3.3.3. Earnings Multiple
An appropriate valuation multiple range can potentially be derived from a number of sources:
▪ Implied multiples from recent transactions involving similar target companies; and
▪ Publicly traded companies that are considered to be comparable to the subject company.
In deriving an appropriate valuation multiple for LIC, we have considered the observed trading multiples
for a wide range of listed and potentially comparable New Zealand and international businesses.
However, we note that LIC operates in a very specialised market and has no directly comparable
company that operates in the same markets with the same business drivers and risk profile.
Unfortunately, other genetics suppliers that are more comparable to LIC are often privately or co-
operatively owned, and do not therefore provide any useful valuation benchmarks. We have therefore
focussed on the trading multiples of New Zealand agri-service businesses.
We have also only focused on comparable company trading multiples, with no reliance on implied
multiples from recent transaction evidence. This not only reflects the fact that there is a dearth of useful
transaction evidence available, it also reflects the valuation context appropriate for the LIC assessment.
While we believe that transaction multiples provide the best evidence for control transactions (such as
full takeover offers), the key purpose of this valuation is to determine the value for a minority parcel of
Investment Shares in LIC. Observed trading multiples exclude any control premiums evident in
transaction multiples and are therefore can be directly applied to the valuation of a non-controlling
position in LIC.
A summary of the benchmarked listed comparable companies is presented in Figure 7 below, with
additional detail provided in Appendix 1.
Figure 7: Comparable Company EV / EBIT Multiples
Source: Capital IQ as at 18 January 2018.
6x8x10x12x14x16x18x20x
International
New Zealand
EV / EBIT Mutiples
Low
Median
13.4x
High
14.6x
Low
12.6x
Median
14.8x
High
31.5x
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 21
Valuation of LIC
In the absence of any directly comparable companies to LIC, we suggest that the PGG Wrightson
(EBIT multiple of 10.2x) evidence is the most relevant to LIC. This reflects that:
▪ PGG Wrightson has a similar profile and operating environment to LIC, with the majority of its
earnings generated from the sale of agriculture related goods and services in New Zealand; and
▪ The profitability for both LIC and PGG Wrightson is strongly correlated with the payout for New
Zealand dairy farmers, with both businesses providing a significant level of discretionary goods
and services to the dairy sector.
After considering the key similarities and differences between LIC and the comparable set of listed
entities, we have adopted a EBIT multiple range of 7.0 – 8.0x for LIC. This reflects a discount to its
peers and PGG Wrightson to account for the following factors:
▪ Because PGG Wrightson has exposure to the sheep and beef, horticulture, real estate and
seeds sectors, it has a higher degree of diversification with less observed earnings volatility than
LIC;
▪ LIC is significantly smaller than the comparable companies and the chosen multiple range
should therefore incorporate a discount for size;
▪ LIC is more capital intensive with significant annual capital expenditure required to support its
business operations, even after allowing for expected reductions in capital expenditure to levels
consistent with current depreciation and amortisation expenses (particularly when compared to
PGG Wrightson); and
▪ Uncertainty remains in relation to achieving the targeted level of earnings improvements which
have been incorporated into LIC’s forecast Mid-Cycle EBIT as a result of the recent strategic
initiatives.
In addition to comparable companies, LIC’s own traded earnings multiple provides a potentially useful
benchmark. Figure 8 below illustrates the ratio of LIC’s EV to the 12 month forward forecast EBIT for
the period from December 2007 until January 2018. We note that as no analyst forecasts are available
for LIC, we have retrospectively applied LIC’s actual EBIT results for the forecast period (and LIC’s
forecast FY18 EBIT) in order to derive a forecast EBIT multiple (e.g. the EV / EBIT multiple in May 2009
reflects LIC’s actual EBIT for the 12 months to May 2010). In order to remove the significant volatility in
the observed multiples, we have also presented the EV / EBIT multiple based on our assessed Mid-
Cycle EBIT (as summarised in Figure 8).
Figure 8: LIC EV / EBIT Multiple
Source: Capital IQ, Northington Partners. “NTM” represents next 12 months based on actual LIC normalised EBIT for the period to
FY17 and LIC forecasts for FY18. NTM Mid-Cycle EBIT based on Northington Partners’ estimates. EV is equal to LIC’s market
capitalisation at the time plus the most recently reported value of net debt, equity minority interests and the book value of the Co-
operative Control Shares.
0.0x
2.0x
4.0x
6.0x
8.0x
10.0x
12.0x
14.0x
16.0x
EBIT Multiple
EV/NTM EBITEV/NTM Mid-Cycle EBIT
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 22
Valuation of LIC
Figure 8 demonstrates:
▪ LIC’s observed EV / EBIT multiple has fluctuated significantly, with a range between 1.4x –
39.5x EBIT;
▪ Smoothing the significant EBIT volatility by using Mid-Cycle EBIT shows that LIC has generally
traded between 4.0x – 8.0x EBIT; and
▪ LIC is currently trading at approximately 3.3x FY18 forecast EBIT of $30 million (based on
assumed net debt of $25 million).
While these observed multiples for LIC provide a useful cross-check, we do not believe that this
evidence is directly applicable to our valuation assessment. As summarised in Section 2.4, the LIC
Investment Shares are extremely illiquid. When this trading illiquidity is considered together with the
share ownership restrictions and nature of the shareholder base, we suggest that the observed market
prices are unlikely to provide a reliable assessment of the underlying value of the business.
Taking all of the evidence into account, we conclude that a multiple range of 7.0x – 8.0x Mid-Cycle
EBIT is appropriate for our valuation assessment of LIC.
3.3.4. Valuation Range for Investment Shares
Based on the assumptions outlined above, we have assessed an enterprise valuation range of $182 to
$224 million for LIC. This is summarised in Table 7.
Table 7: Enterprise Value Assessment
$m (unless otherwise stated) Low High
Assessed Maintainable Mid-Cycle EBIT $26.0 $28.0
multiplied by Assessed EBIT Multiple 7.0x 8.0x
Enterprise Value $182.0 $224.0
The EV represents the value of future cash flows available to all forms of capital providers – both debt
and equity capital. In order to assess the aggregate equity value for LIC and the relative value of the
Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares, the assessed EV must be adjusted for net
debt and any potential surplus assets.
Surplus Assets
LIC owns a number of investments which are not part of its core business but provide a range of
potential strategic benefits or are held to meet ownership obligations of other co-operatives. The largest
investment includes National Milk Records PLC (“NMR”), a United Kingdom based milk recording
services and laboratory testing business. LIC acquired its initial investment in NMR in 2008 before
increasing its shareholding in June 2017 to 17.2% through the purchase of additional GBP2.6 million
worth of shares. NMR trades on an unlicensed exchange with a current market capitalisation of
approximately GBP19 million, implying a market value for LIC’s investment of approximately GBP3.8
million. However, NMR’s shares are illiquid and a large parcel of shares would potentially be difficult to
sell.
LIC has a number of other investments including holdings in Figured (New Zealand based rural
accounting software), Agrigate (farm information joint venture with Fonterra) and small holdings in a
number of other New Zealand co-operative businesses including Fonterra, which are held due to LIC’s
dairy farming operations.
Collectively, the current market value of LIC’s total holdings is approximately $13.5 million, of which
NMR comprises over half. Having consideration to each of LIC’s investments, their relative liquidity and
short-term risks (e.g. NMR may be hard to dispose of and represents further currency risk), we have
valued LIC’s surplus investment assets at $10 - $13 million. These represent value over and above the
value of LIC’s operations derived above in Section 3.3.4.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 23
Valuation of LIC
Net Debt
Because LIC operates a highly seasonal business, the appropriate level of net debt for valuation
purposes should be based on the expected average level of net debt throughout the forecast financial
period. To illustrate LIC’s cash flow seasonality, we note that LIC’s opening and closing net debt for
FY17 was $40.1 and $28.6 million respectively, but peaked at over $75 million during the financial year.
After taking into account LIC’s actual monthly net debt position to December 2017 and the forecast net
debt for the remaining months of FY18, we have assumed an average net debt level of $25 million.
Co-operative Control Share Value
Given the nature of the Co-operative Control Shares, we have assessed a value of $1.00 per share.
This reflects the nominal value attributed to the shares, and the value which is currently used as the
basis for any purchases and redemptions required to meet the Share Standard.
As at 10 January 2017, LIC has 6,281,892 Co-operative Control Shares on issue with an assessed
aggregate value of $6.3 million.
Investment Share Value
After allowing for surplus investment assets, net debt and the value of Co-operative Control shares, we
derive a gross value for the Investment Shares of $160.7 million to $205.7 million. This assessment is
summarised in Table 8.
Table 8: Assessed Investment Share Value
$m (unless otherwise stated) Low High
Enterprise Value $182.0 $224.0
plus Surplus Assets $10.0 $13.0
less Net Debt ($25.0) ($25.0)
Total Fair Market Equity Value $167.0 $212.0
less Value of Co-operative Control Shares ($6.3) ($6.3)
Gross Investment Share Value $160.7 $205.7
We believe that this value should be discounted further to reflect a number of factors primarily relating
to the lack of marketability, voting rights and control currently afforded to the Investment Shares. All
else equal, these factors would lower the value of a security relative to the same security with no voting
or ownership restrictions in a liquid market. We summarise the factors which may impact on the
appropriate discount in Table 9.
Table 9: Factors Attributable to a Discount on Investment Share Value
Lack of Marketability Lack of Control
Description Represents the discount for transferability
restrictions which impacts on an
investment’s marketability and liquidity. It
essentially represents the opportunity cost
attributable to the reduced ability to exit an
investment in a timely fashion.
Represents the discount for voting control
and other ownership restrictions which
impacts on an investor’s ability to influence
key management and governance
decisions, including overall company
strategy as well as investment and
dividend policies.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 24
Valuation of LIC
LIC Factors
Attributing to
Discount
▪ Shareholders restricted to farmers using
qualifying products and services of LIC.
▪ The pool of potential buyers of
securities is significantly restricted to
only ~10,200 Co-operative Control
shareholders, many of whom may have
limited appetite for Investment Shares.
We note that only 61% of current
shareholders hold both classes of
shares.
▪ As demonstrated in Section 2.4, the
lack of marketability has resulted in LIC
being one of the most illiquid stocks on
the NZX. Market liquidity (the ability to
buy and sell securities easily) has a
significant bearing on price discovery
and market value.
▪ Investment Shareholders have no ability
to influence strategy and key investment
decisions of LIC.
▪ 5% constitutional cap of holdings in
Investment Shares.
Source: Northington Partners.
Taking all of these factors into account, we have applied a 30% discount to the gross value of the
Investment Shares in our assessment of the underlying market value. We believe that this level of
discount is supported by the following:
▪ Empirical studies of value discounts for lack of liquidity and marketability of equities (primarily in
the US). These studies have generally demonstrated discounts of between 20% – 35%
1
;
▪ Is consistent with the 20% – 30% discount applied by Fonterra for its fair value shares (the
“Restricted Share Value”) under Fonterra’s share standard between 2009 and 2012, prior to
implementation of “Trading Amongst Farmers”. Fonterra’s shares did not have voting restrictions
and given LIC’s size and services compared to Fonterra, we consider a discount at the upper
end of this range is appropriate; and
▪ The size of the discounts typically applied in other comparable valuation exercises in the New
Zealand market.
After applying a 30% discount to the gross value of the Investment Shares, we derive a market value of
the Investment shares of $3.81 to $4.88 as summarised in Table 10.
Table 10: LIC Valuation Summary
$m (unless otherwise stated) Low High
Gross Investment Share Value $160.7 $205.7
less 30% discount for Restricted Voting, Marketability & Liquidity ($48.2) ($61.7)
Aggregate Market Value of Investment Shares $112.5 $144.0
Investment Shares on Issue 29,528,590 29,528,590
Investment Shares - Market Value Per Share $3.81 $4.88
Source: Northington Partners analysis.
3.4. Valuation Conclusion
We have valued LIC’s total equity at $167 to $212 million. After allowing for the nominal value of the
Co-operative Control shares and an appropriate discount for the unique investment attributes of the
Investment Shares, we derive a market value for the Investment shares of $3.81 to $4.88, with a mid-
point of $4.34. This compares to the trading price of LIC shares of $2.25 as of 7 February 2018 and the
1
See for example The Discount for Lack of Marketability: Update on Current Studies and Analysis of Current
Controversies (2007), Reilly, R and Rotkowski, A.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 25
Valuation of LIC
proposed Exchange Ratio of 4.0 (equivalent to a relative value of $4.00 per current Investment Share)
as illustrated in Figure 9.
Figure 9: Summary Valuation Assessment
Source: Northington Partners. LIC share price as of 7 February 2018.
$2.25
$3.81
$4.88
$4.34
$4.00
$0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
Current Share
Price
LowHighMid-PointProposed
Exchange Price
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 26
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
4.0 Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
4.1. Overview
The main benefit of the Proposal is that it will result in one class of shares that provide the same rights
and obligations to all shareholders. The current capital structure is not only complicated and potentially
distracting to LIC in meeting its strategic objectives, but it also gives rise to a potential conflict between
the Co-operative Control Shares and the Investment Shares in terms of the future strategy and
management of the LIC business. The conflict is broadly between those shareholders more focused on
access to LIC’s goods and services through Co-operative Control Shares and those shareholders more
focussed on shareholder returns through their investment in Investment Shares. Co-operative Control
Shareholders control the voting rights but do not benefit from the economic value of LIC while
Investment Shareholders carry the economic rights to LIC’s profits and surplus assets but do not have
voting rights or the ability to influence key decisions of the Company.
Simplification to a single share class will clearly eliminate this conflict and we believe this outcome is in
the best interests of all shareholders while better supporting LIC’s strategy. In our view, the status quo
arrangements pose a serious impediment to meeting the objectives of the business and the tension
between the two classes of shares could worsen if the divergence in ownership between the two share
classes grows. Resolving the conflict now ensures all shareholders benefit if LIC is successful in
executing its recent strategic initiatives and all shareholders have a say in the future direction of LIC
based on their overall investment in LIC (total Ordinary Shares and not just Co-operative Control
Shares).
However, the implementation of the Proposal is unavoidably complicated in order to deliver an
equitable outcome and the consequences of the process will not be the same for all shareholders. This
reflects the fact that the ratio of Investment Shares held for each Co-operative Control Share owned
varies considerably across the shareholder base. As set out in Section 2.3, there are a large number of
shareholders who do not own any Investment Shares, while conversely there is also a material number
of shareholders who are significantly “overweight” in Investment Shares.
Table 11 outlines the impact of the Proposal on the relative voting rights, required LIC investment and
Qualifying Expenditure requirements for three different shareholding scenarios. In each case, we
assume the shareholder owns the median Co-operative Control Shareholding of 500 shares, but the
scenarios differ by the assumed number of Investment Shares that are also owned. With reference to
the discussion in Section 2.3, our hypothetical scenarios consist of shareholders who:
i. Only hold Co-operative Control Shares and are therefore under-weight in Investment Shares
compared to the average Share Ownership Ratio of 18%/82%.
ii. Hold Co-operative Control Shares (500) and Investment Shares (2,350) in line with the
average ratio of 18%/82%.
iii. Is overweight in Investment Shares compared to the average ratio of 18%/82%. In this
particular case, we assume a Share Ownership Ratio of 5%/95%.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 27
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
Table 11: Impact of the Proposal for Varying Levels of Investment Share Ownership
No Investment
Shares
Balanced
Shareholding
(18%/82% Share
Ownership Ratio)
Overweight
Investment Shares
(5%/95% Share
Ownership Ratio)
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Co-operative Control Shares Held 500 500 500
Investment Shares Held 0 2,350 9,500
Total Shares 500 2,850 10,000
Fully Paid Ordinary Shares 500 9,900 38,500
Nil Paid Ordinary Shares 1,500 1,500 1,500
Total Ordinary Shares
2,000 11,400 40,000
Voting Rights (% of Total) 0.008% 0.001% 0.008% 0.008% 0.008% 0.028%
Share of Dividends (% of Total) 0.000% 0.001% 0.008% 0.008% 0.032% 0.028%
Implied Investment in LIC
1
$500 $2,000 $9,900 $11,400 $38,500 $40,000
Permitted Qualifying Expenditure from
Shareholding
$12,500 $12,500 $12,500 $75,000 $12,500 $250,000
Source: LIC, Northington Partners
1
Based on the $1.00 nominal value for Ordinary Shares post-simplification (including the full value of Nil Paid Shares) and an
Exchange Ratio of 4.0 Ordinary Shares for every Co-operative Control Share and Investment Share. Investment Shares are also
included at a value of $4.00 per share.
When comparing the current position of each hypothetical shareholder with their respective positions
following the completion of the Proposal, we note the following:
▪ The position of the Balanced Shareholder is effectively unchanged in terms of their control
position and relative dividend allocation, while the implied total investment in LIC increases by
$1,500. This increase reflects the additional 3.0 nil paid Ordinary Shares that will be issued for
every Co-operative Control Share currently held, valued at the nominal value of $1.00 per
share. While these shares are nil paid when initially issued, the shareholder has the obligation
to pay the $1.00 subscription price via future dividend entitlements and is therefore effectively
committed to the additional investment in LIC.
▪ There are three main impacts for the shareholder with no Investment Shares:
o The relative control position reduces substantially, from 0.008% of the total votes to
0.001%. While this represents a material change, we note that the effective change
at an individual shareholder level is limited because the shareholder already has
limited control or influence over the Company.
o The nil paid Ordinary Shares issued in exchange for the Co-operative Control Shares
provide the right to a dividend payment; and
o The required nominal investment in LIC increases from $500 to $2,000. The increase
reflects the 1,500 nil paid Ordinary Shares which will be paid for through time using
the dividend stream from all Ordinary Shares required to meet the Share Standard
(i.e. both the 500 fully paid and 1,500 Nil Paid Shares in the example). No up-front
cash payment is required.
▪ For the hypothetical shareholder who is overweight in Investment Shares, the impact is largely
opposite to that for the shareholder with no Investment Shares. The conversion to Ordinary
Shares increases their control position and reduces the relative share of dividends. As with the
other two scenarios, the required investment in LIC for this shareholder increases by $1,500 in
relation to the Nil Paid Shares, but this represents a relatively small percentage increase (4%)
compared to the existing investment.
This analysis shows that the impact of the Proposal differs from shareholder to shareholder. The
impacts on relative control, dividend allocation and required investment in LIC are relatively limited for
those shareholders who hold Co-operative Control Shares and Investment Shares in line with the
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 28
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
18%/82% Share Ownership Ratio. The consequences for the more “un-balanced” shareholders are
more pronounced, whereby those that are underweight (overweight) in Investment Shares are
effectively giving up voting rights (rights to dividends) for the right to receive dividends (voting rights).
Shareholders who are underweight in Investment Shares will also be required to materially increase
their total investment in LIC over time, although the increase is effectively self-funded from dividends
and requires no further cash payment now.
We are not in a position to assess how these changes will be interpreted by each shareholder; it is not
possible to contemplate all shareholders’ personal circumstances or investment objectives and our
assessment is therefore general in nature. The appropriate course of action for each shareholder is
dependent on their own unique situation. However, we note that even if a particular group of
shareholders perceive that some of the impacts of the Proposal are negative from their point of view,
we believe that the overall impact will be positive for the Company and its shareholder base as a whole.
4.2. Relative Value Attributed to Investment Shares
The proposed share reclassification process accounts for the fact that the underlying value of the
Investment Shares is higher than that for the Co-operative Control Shares. Considering a range of
factors, including independent valuation advice, with respect to the relative values between the existing
two share classes, the LIC Board has resolved to reclassify each Investment Share into 4.0 Ordinary
Shares.
As set out in Section 3.0, we have assessed the value of the Investment Shares in a range between
$3.81 and $4.88 per share, with a mid-point of $4.34 per share. Given that the redemption value of the
Co-operative Control Shares is fixed at $1.00 per share, we suggest that the “fair” Exchange Ratio
between Investment Shares and Ordinary Shares is between 3.81x and 4.88x and we therefore
conclude that the proposed Exchange Ratio of 4.0x is fair to all shareholders. The chosen ratio is
slightly lower than our mid-point valuation, but sits comfortably within our assessed range.
4.3. Impact on Control Position of the Company
Under the current capital structure, 100% of the voting rights in the Company are attached to the Co-
operative Control Shares. If the Proposal is approved, all of the Ordinary Shares will have voting rights
and this change will have an impact on the overall control position of the Company, both at an
aggregate level and potentially for each individual shareholder (as already discussed above in Section
4.1).
Figure 10 illustrates the distribution of voting rights across the LIC shareholder base before and after
the Proposal. It shows the aggregate impact for groups of 1,000 shareholders, where the groups are
formed based on the number of Co-operative Control Shares owned by each shareholder. Group 1
consists of the 1,000 largest Co-operative Control Shareholders, the next 1,000 largest shareholders
are in Group 2, and so on.
Figure 10: Change in Overall Control Position from the Proposal
Source: LIC, Northington Partners.
29%
17%
13%
10%
9%
7%
6%
5%
3%
2%
0%
20%
13%
13%
12%
10%
8%
9%
6%
5%
3%
2%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
0-1,000 - 2,000- 3,000- 4,000- 5,000- 6,000- 7,000- 8,000- 9,000- 10,000- 10,212
Voting Rights
All LIC Shareholders Ordered by Size of Co-operative Control Shareholding
Current PositionPost-Simplification
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 29
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
The overall outcome is most pronounced for the groups that are significantly overweight or underweight
in terms of their relative holding in Investment Shares.
▪ As set out in Section 2.3, there are approximately 3,800 shareholders that do not hold any
Investment Shares. In aggregate, these shareholders currently hold about 40% of the voting
rights in LIC (via their collective holdings of Co-operative Control Shares) but that position will
reduce to 7% following implementation of the Proposal.
▪ Conversely, the 3,300 shareholders that are overweight in Investment Shares will increase
their aggregate control position from 26% to 69% as a result of the simplification process.
This analysis shows that while the control impact for each individual is generally limited, in aggregate
the Proposal does transfer a material number of voting rights from one stakeholder group to another.
Under the current structure, a significant proportion of the voting rights are held by shareholders with
either zero or a limited position in Investment Shares. This group may be characterised as farmers who
are most focused on access to the goods and services provided by LIC (via the required holding in Co-
operative Control Shares), with limited interest in seeking commercial returns from an investment in the
Company.
Shareholders who are overweight in Investment Shares are, on the other hand, more likely to view LIC
as a commercial investment and will be focused on generating a commercial return from that
investment. The analysis summarised in Figure 10 shows that the aggregate control position of these
shareholders will also increase as a result of the Proposal. On that basis, the potential influence of
these commercially-focused shareholders will increase.
The question remains as to what practical impact this change will have on all shareholders. Those
shareholders who are underweight Investment Shares are potentially the most adversely affected; they
are effectively being asked to convert their interest in the Company from simple co-operative
participation (via Co-operative Control Shares) to one which preserves access to LIC services and
which also has a commercial focus (via Ordinary Shares). On balance we think that the benefits of
moving to a single share structure outweigh the possible detriments relating to the aggregate changes
in the control position. At an individual farmer level, the control impacts are limited and the single share
structure means that all shareholders will be treated equally in the future.
4.4. Other Implications for LIC Shareholders
4.4.1. Changes in Share Standard
The Proposal necessitates a change to the Share Standard in order to maintain the 18/82% Share
Ownership Ratio. At an Exchange Ratio of 4.0, the Share Standard is effectively increasing by a factor
of 4 times. However, in order to reduce the impact on existing LIC Co-operative Control Shareholders,
a number of features have been proposed to reduce the immediate impact of the Proposal. These
features include:
▪ Increasing the minimum Qualifying Expenditure from $500 to $1,000.
▪ Utilising a 3-year average of Qualifying Expenditure to determine the Share Standard rather
than the preceding year’s Qualifying Expenditure.
▪ The Share Standard will be set in $5,000 bands (other than for the initial $1,000 to $5,000
band) of Qualifying Expenditure, reducing the frequency of having to share up or down as
Qualifying Expenditure fluctuates season to season. That means that shareholders will only
need to acquire additional shares if they increase their 3-year average Qualifying Expenditure
above the upper band, while there will be no need to sell surplus shares if they fall below the
lower band.
▪ Shareholders have more time to meet the Share Standard, with compliance now necessary by
mid-October in each year rather than the current deadline of mid-July.
Note that immediately after implementation of the Proposal, all existing shareholders will meet the
Share Standard because Nil Paid Shares qualify. LIC is essentially providing all shareholders interest
free loans to increase their investment in order to meet the new Share Standard. Consequently, there
will be no immediate need to share up or down to meet the new Share Standard.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 30
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
Table 12 provides a summary of the changes to the Share Standard under the Proposal and
hypothetical examples of how it impacts new customers (existing customers are not immediately
impacted). This illustrates that while on the face of it the Proposal increases the Share Standard by 4
times, the 3-year averaging and banding reduces the immediate financial commitment necessary from
customers. In the example above, the requirement in year 1 is actually lower than the current Share
Standard and the total requirement at year 3 is less than 4 times the current Share Standard (2.9 times)
due to the banding (i.e. only having to hold shares at the bottom of the $10k - $15k band rather than
meeting the requirements for a $14k spend) and averaging of the Qualifying Expenditure to meet the
Share Standard.
Table 12: Summary Changes to LIC’s Share Standard and Hypothetical Shareholder Examples
Existing Standard New Standard
Summary Features
Minimum Qualifying Expenditure $500 $1,000
Qualifying Expenditure to Share Standard 1:1 (i.e. share requirement
increases linearly with
spend, subject to rounding)
Bands of $5,000
Required to Sell Shares if Reduce Qualifying
Expenditure
Yes
No (surplus shares may be
retained – effectively
analogous to Investment
Shares)
Share Standard Measurement Period 12 months
36 months
Annual Compliance Date for Standard 15 July
15 October
Exiting Shareholders Compulsory Disposal Period 24 months
15 months
Implications
Increase in Share Standard NA
4.0x
Customer spend per share $25.00
$6.25
Number of shares needed for each $25 of spend 1
4
Price of shares at implementation $1.00
$1.00
Cost to acquire shares at implementation of Share
Simplification
$1.00
$4.00
Cost to acquire shares after implementation of Share
Simplification
$1.00 Market price
Hypothetical Example New Customer
Customer Spending Year 1
$10,000 $10,000
Customer Spending Year 2
$12,000 $12,000
Customer Spending Year 3
$14,000 $14,000
Qualifying Expenditure Year 1
$10,000 $3,333
Qualifying Expenditure Year 2
$12,000 $7,333
Qualifying Expenditure Year 3
$14,000 $12,000
Share Standard Requirements Year 1
400 160 ($1k - $5k band)
Share Standard Requirements Year 2
480 800 ($5k - $10k band)
Share Standard Requirements Year 3
560 1,600 ($10k-$15k band)
Cost to Meet Standard Requirements Year 1
$400 $160
Cost to Meet Standard Requirements Year 2
$80 $640
Cost to Meet Standard Requirements Year 3
$80 $800
Total Capital Commitment in LIC at End of Year 3
$560 $1,600
Source: LIC, Northington Partners
The change to the Share Standard will not affect existing customers because they will automatically
meet the standard immediately following the simplification process. However, the new Share Standard
will require new customers to invest close to three times as much to procure LIC services as is required
now. This impact is somewhat mitigated by the fact that the required investment is spread over three
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 31
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
years and is effectively smoothed via the introduction on the spending bands. We also suggest that the
quantum of the required investment is still relatively modest in the context of the scale of a typical dairy
farming business. In effect, the modified Share Standard is mandating that new shareholders invest the
same amount in LIC as they would have under the existing system if they had invested in Co-operative
Control Shares and Investment Shares in a ratio of 18%/82%.
On balance, we therefore consider the changes to the Share Standard under the Proposal are
reasonable.
4.4.2. Share Price Uncertainty
All fully paid Ordinary Shares (but not the Nil Paid Shares) will trade on the NZAX platform following the
Proposal. The price of those shares will move up and down over time depending on a wide range of
factors, including the operational and financial performance of LIC and broader macro-economic and
geo-political conditions.
This means that any shares that shareholders require in order to meet the Share Standard will need to
be purchased on-market through a broker intermediary or directly off-market from a selling shareholder.
The transaction price will reflect the prevailing market price of LIC shares at the time, and this may be
significantly higher or lower than the initial nominal issue price of $1.00. Similarly, for exiting
shareholders, shares will have to be sold in the same way.
While Investment Shares are already exposed to this type of market price risk, the Co-operative Control
Shares can currently be purchased and redeemed at a fixed price ($1.00). For those shareholders who
only own Co-operative Control Shares, the Proposal means that they will now be exposed to market
price risk in relation to their shareholding in LIC (via Ordinary Shares), particularly when they exit their
farming business and are required to sell the shares.
The market price of the Ordinary Shares following implementation of the Proposal is therefore important
to all shareholders. While this will ultimately be a function of Company performance and broader market
factors, the market price in the short term will also potentially be impacted by the adopted Exchange
Ratio.
There is a risk that the market price of Ordinary Shares following the Proposal will trade materially
below $1.00 (implying the Exchange Ratio was potentially set too high) or will trade materially above
$1.00 (implying the Exchange Ratio was potentially set too low). Either outcome will result in a wealth
transfer between the Co-operative Control and Investment Shareholders; if the Exchange Ratio is set
too high, more of the economic value of LIC is transferred to Investment Shares while if it is set too low,
more economic value is transferred to Co-operative Control Shares.
The post-implementation trading price of the Ordinary Shares is especially relevant to those who will
hold a large position in Nil Paid Shares (resulting from a large holding in Co-operative Control Shares).
These shareholders will receive Nil Paid Shares at no cost but with a legal obligation to pay-up to
$1.00, and are exposed to the risk that the market price immediately following the Proposal will be less
than $1.00. Any shareholders who cease to be a customer of LIC and who are obligated to sell their
shares may realise an immediate loss if they have to fully pay their Nil Paid Shares to $1.00 but can
only sell on-market at less than $1.00. Conversely, if the Exchange Ratio is set too low and the
Ordinary Shares trade over $1.00, shareholders will benefit from an immediate capital gain.
The potential for a short-term value gain or loss arising from mispricing of the Exchange Ratio is difficult
to predict. As set out above in Section 4.2, the adopted Exchange Ratio of 4.0x is close to the mid-point
of our valuation range for the Investment Shares and we therefore believe that it is fair to both classes
of shareholder. However, we also note that the Exchange Ratio of 4.0x can be compared directly to the
current market value of the Investment shares of $2.25, implying a market-based Exchange Ratio of
2.25. While we do not believe that the current market value of the Investment Shares fully reflects their
underlying fair value (for the reasons identified in Section 3.0), there is a chance that the market price
of the Ordinary Shares will trade lower than our assessed value.
4.4.3. Redemption Risk
Under LIC’s current capital structure, the Company is exposed to redemption risk which may be
particularly acute in bad dairy seasons when LIC is required to redeem significant volumes of Co-
operative Control Shares as customers exit the co-operative or reduce their level of spend. Exiting
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 32
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
shareholders are also required to sell any Investment Shares when they discontinue as a customer,
and this selling pressure may affect the market value of Investment Shares.
The Proposal largely eliminates LIC’s redemption risk and the associated impact on the Company’s
balance sheet. LIC will no longer have an obligation to buy and sell shares from shareholders under the
Share Standard as all shares will be transacted on market. Effectively, LIC is transferring the
redemption risk currently held at the company level to individual shareholders, who will now be subject
to market price risk. Nonetheless, LIC retains the ability to compulsorily acquire or dispose sufficient
shares, on the shareholder’s behalf, sufficient for them to meet the Share Standard if it is not met within
the required time.
4.4.4. Liquidity
We believe that the Proposal should help to improve the liquidity in LIC’s shares, largely as a result of
the following factors:
▪ All fully paid Ordinary Shares arising from the reclassification of the Co-operative Control
Shares will need to be traded on market rather than issued / redeemed by LIC. This increases
the tradeable number of shares by 5% immediately, and by 21% through time as the Nil Paid
Shares are paid up (notwithstanding that the majority of shares will need to be retained to
meet the Share Standard).
▪ Both Co-operative Control and Investment shareholders (including those with only Co-
operative Control Shares) will have a more aligned interest in the commercial performance
and prospects of LIC following the Proposal. We believe that the increase in the focus on the
investment performance of the Ordinary Shares will in turn increase market liquidity over time.
▪ We expect that the Proposal should generate greater interest in LIC and its future strategy
amongst both its shareholder base and potentially, the broader financial community.
However, the market liquidity of LIC’s shares following the Proposal may also be impacted by a number
of other factors including external economic and market driven factors. Therefore, improved liquidity
cannot be guaranteed.
4.4.5. Dividends and Returns
LIC shareholders will receive an additional 3.0 nil paid Ordinary Shares for every Co-operative Control
Share currently held, valued at the nominal value of $1.00 per share. While these shares are nil paid
when initially issued, the shareholder has the obligation to pay the $1.00 subscription price via future
dividend payments and is therefore effectively committed to the additional investment in LIC.
Consequently, the expected level of LIC dividends following the Proposal will determine the time
required to fully pay-up the shares (unless paid-up through other means). In addition, the Proposal
dilutes dividends paid to Investment Shareholders who are effectively giving up economic value in
exchange for more voting control.
Figure 11: LIC’s Historic Dividend Performance (Adjusted by Exchange Ratio)
Source: Northington Partners. Historic LIC dividends divided by 4.85 reflecting an Exchange Ratio of 4.0x and after allowing for the
dilution from the conversion of Co-operative Control Shares into ordinary shares.
$0.013
$0.000
$0.042
$0.074
$0.113
$0.081
$0.093
$0.048
$0.086
$0.047
$0.060
$0.000
$0.050
$0.100
$0.150
FY17FY16FY15FY14FY13FY12FY11FY10FY09FY08
Adjusted Historic DPSAverage Adjusted DPS
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 33
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
The potential level of future dividends under the Proposal is therefore an important consideration to
both classes of shareholders. Figure 11 highlights LIC’s dividend history for the Investment Shares
based on an assumed Exchange Ratio of 4.0.
The average historical dividend over the period was 6.0 cents per share after allowing for the impact of
the Share Simplification (29.0 cents pre-adjustment). If that level of dividend was maintained in the
future, it would take over 16 years to pay up the Nil Paid Shares. While we would expect LIC’s financial
performance and dividends to improve over time, particularly following recent initiatives under Project
Pace and once the benefits of the Share Simplification are realised, future dividends cannot be
guaranteed. Therefore, shareholders should recognise that it may take a number of years to repay the
Nil Paid Shares unless the remaining liability is partially paid from other sources. As previously
discussed, many shareholders may also exit LIC prior to having fully paid the Nil Paid Shares, meaning
that they will be left with a liability to pay-up on exit. These shareholders are therefore exposed to the
risk that the Ordinary Share price will be less than $1.00 on exit, in which case the shareholders will
realise a cash loss.
The dividend return implications for Investment Shareholders differ depending on an individual’s Share
Ownership Ratio (as highlighted in Section 4.1, Table 11):
▪ Shareholders with no Investment Shares effectively give up the preferred dividend on their Co-
operative Control Shares for ordinary dividends. While these shareholders (and others that are
underweight in Investment Shares) will now receive a greater share of ordinary dividends, the
dividends will be used to pay up Nil Paid Shares required to meet the Share Standard before
any cash is received;
▪ Shareholders with a balanced shareholding (18%/82% Share Ownership Ratio) will receive
similar dividend returns before and after the Proposal; and
▪ Shareholders overweight in Investment Shares will suffer some dilution, the extent of which
will depend on their particular position.
Table 13: Impact of the Proposal On Dividend Investment Returns
No Investment
Shares
Balanced
Shareholding
(18%/82% Share
Ownership Ratio)
Overweight
Investment Shares
(5%/95% Share
Ownership Ratio)
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Co-operative Control Shares Held 500 500 500
Investment Shares Held 0 2,350 9,500
Total Shares 500 2,850 10,000
Fully Paid Ordinary Shares 500 9,900 38,500
Nil Paid Ordinary Shares 1,500 1,500 1,500
Total Ordinary Shares 2,000 11,400 40,000
Co-operative Control Dividends $40.00 NA $40.00 NA $40.00 NA
Investment Share Dividends $0.00 NA $1,057.50 NA $4,275.00 NA
Ordinary Share Dividends – Cash NA $0.00 NA $888.01 NA $3,589.83
Ordinary Share Dividends – Applied to
Nil Paid Shares
NA $188.94 NA $188.94 NA $188.94
Total Dividend Returns $40.00 $188.94 $1,097.50 $1,076.95 $4,315.00 $3,778.77
Source: Northington Partners. Assumes Co-operative Control Shares held are equal to the number required to meet the Share
Standard and a 70% dividend payout ratio, being the mid-point of LIC’s current policy of distributing between 60% - 80% of
normalised profit.
Although no dividends were paid on Co-operative Control or Investment Shares in FY16, Table 13
illustrates the total potential dividend returns for the above shareholding scenarios before and after the
Proposal based on the following assumed dividend returns:
▪ Dividend returns of 8% on Co-operative Control Shares in line with the current Westpac farm
first mortgage rate; and
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 34
Assessment of the Merits of the Proposal
▪ Dividend returns of 45 cents on Investment Shares, consistent with LIC’s FY19 outlook of $18
- $26 million in underlying earnings after allowing for a dividend payout of 60% – 80%. This
translates to a dividend of approximately 9.4 cents per share following the Proposal after
allowing for dilution and the after-tax impact of eliminating the preferred dividend to Co-
operative Control Shares.
Based on this potential scenario, it would take less than 11 years to repay the Nil Paid Shares with an
implied cash dividend yield of over 9% on the $1.00 nominal value per Ordinary Share.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 35
Appendix 1: Comparable Company Information
Appendix 1. Comparable Company Information
Table14 below summarises EBIT trading multiples for New Zealand Agricultural and Dairy listed companies
comparable to LIC. Table5 summarises comparable international companies in the Genetics and Production Animal
Health services.
Table 14: Comparable New Zealand Agricultural and Dairy Listed Companies
Company Country Primary Activity
Market
Capitalisation
Enterprise
Value
EV / EBIT
(LTM)
EV / EBIT
(NTM)
(NZ$m) (NZ$m)
Fonterra Co-operative
Group Limited
New Zealand Dairy products 10,467 16,456 14.7x 13.4x
PGG Wrightson Limited New Zealand Agricultural services 438 565 10.4x 10.2x
Scales Corporation
Limited
New Zealand Agricultural produce 678 748 14.2x 14.6x
Seeka Limited New Zealand Agricultural produce 109 204 12.0x 12.0x
1
Synlait Milk Limited New Zealand Dairy products 1,264 1,346 20.0x 14.3x
Average 14.3x 12.9x
Median 14.2x 13.4x
Source: Capital IQ, publicly available company announcements, Northington Partners Analysis. Data as at 18 January 2018.
LTM = Last Twelve Months. NTM = Next Twelve Months. Where possible calculations have used an EBIT calendarized to a May year-end (i.e. such
that NTM reflects the 12 months to May 2018) to align to LIC’s year-end.
1
NTM for Seeka set to equal LTM as broker forecasts are not available for the company.
Table 15: Comparable International Genetics and Production Animal Health Listed Companies
Company Country Primary Activity
Market
Capitalisation
Enterprise
Value
EV / EBIT
(LTM)
EV / EBIT
(NTM)
(NZ$m) (NZ$m)
Apiam Animal Health
Limited
Australia Agricultural services 100 127 17.7x 12.6x
Elders Limited Australia Agricultural services 1,091 1,198 17.5x 15.0x
Genus plc
United
Kingdom
Genetic and biological
products
2,951 3,168 30.3x 31.5x
National Milk Records
plc
United
Kingdom
Agricultural services 35 43 14.6x 14.6x
1
Average 20.0x 18.4x
Median 17.6x 14.8x
Source: Capital IQ, publicly available company announcements, Northington Partners Analysis. Data as at 18 January 2018.
LTM = Last Twelve Months. NTM = Next Twelve Months. Where possible calculations have used an EBIT calendarized to a May year-end (i.e. such
that NTM reflects the 12 months to May 2018) to align to LIC’s year-end.
1
NTM for National Milk Records set to equal LTM as broker forecasts are not available for the company.
Table 16 provides a description of these companies.
Table 16: Detailed Listed Company Descriptions
Company Description
Fonterra Co-
operative
Group
Limited
Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited, together with its subsidiaries, collects, manufactures, and sells milk and
milk derived products. It operates through five segments: Global Ingredients and Operations, Oceania, Asia,
Greater China, and Latin America. The company offers everyday dairy ingredients, including whole and skimmed
milk powder; dairy nutrition products, such as protein ingredients, milk protein concentrates, and whey protein
concentrates; and cheese, butter, dairy spreads, cream, coffee, whet, flavored milk, bakery butter, cream
cheese, specialty whipping and culinary cream, mozzarella, and other dairy commodities. Further, it is involved
in the quick service restaurant business. Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited was founded in 2001 and is based
in Auckland, New Zealand.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 36
Appendix 1: Comparable Company Information
Company Description
PGG
Wrightson
Limited
PGG Wrightson Limited provides various products, services, and solutions for growers, farmers, and processors
worldwide. It operates through three segments: Agency, Retail and Water, Seed and Grain. The company
operates rural supplies stores that offer a range of products and services, such as animal health and
management, apparel and footwear, dairy hygiene and supplies, fencing products, fertilizers, nutrition and
stockfood products, pasture and crop protection products. It also provides agency services for the sale,
purchase, and service of various categories of livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and deer at auction, private and
on-farm sales, and online trading of livestock; and handles, markets, and exports wool to manufacturers and
spinners. The company was founded in 1841 and is based in Christchurch, New Zealand. PGG Wrightson
Limited is a subsidiary of Agria (Singapore) Pte Limited.
Scales
Corporation
Limited
Scales Corporation Limited engages in agribusiness activities in New Zealand. The company operates through
Horticulture, Food Ingredients, and Storage & Logistics segments. The Horticulture segment is involved in
growing, packaging, marketing, and exporting apples under Mr Apple brand name. The Food Ingredients
segment processes and markets pet food ingredients for the pet food industry. This segment also manufactures
and sells apple, kiwifruit, and pear juice concentrates. The Storage & Logistics segment provides supply chain
services for exporters, importers, and FMCG businesses. The company was founded in 1897 and is based in
Christchurch, New Zealand.
Seeka
Limited
Seeka Limited, together with its subsidiaries, provides orchard lease and management, and post harvest
services to the horticulture industry primarily in New Zealand. The Orchard Operations segment offers on-
orchard management services to orchard owners who produce kiwifruit, avocado, and kiwiberry crops. The Post
Harvest Operations segment provides post-harvest services to the kiwifruit, avocado, and kiwiberry industries
that include crops from the company’s orchard management and lease operations, as well as crops from
independent orchard owners. Seeka Limited was incorporated in 1987 and is headquartered in Te Puke, New
Zealand.
Synlait Milk
Limited
Synlait Milk Limited manufactures and sells dairy products in New Zealand and internationally. It provides
nutritional products, including infant nutritional powders and adult nutritional powders; ingredients comprising
whole milk powders, skim milk powders, and anhydrous milk fat; and specialty products, such as lactoferrin. The
company was founded in 2005 and is based in Rakaia, New Zealand. Synlait Milk Limited is a subsidiary of
Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd.
Apiam
Animal
Health
Limited
Apiam Animal Health Limited, a vertically integrated animal health company, provides veterinary products and
services to production and companion animals in Australia. The company engages in veterinary wholesale,
warehousing, logistics, and other ancillary activities. Its products and services include systems to assist in herd
health programs; production advisory services; consulting services and products to assist in the prevention of
animal diseases; technologies to manage compliance with legislative requirements on pharmaceutical use; and
advice and services in respect of animal welfare compliance. The company operates production animal and
mixed animal veterinary clinics in 28 locations. Apiam Animal Health Limited was founded in 1998 and is based
in Bendigo, Australia.
Elders
Limited
Elders Limited provides livestock, real estate, and wool agency services to rural and regional customers primarily
in Australia. The company offers rural farm inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, agricultural chemicals, animal
health products, and general rural merchandise, as well as professional production and cropping advisory
services. It also provides on-farm sales to third parties, regular physical, and online public livestock auctions, as
well as directly sells through its owned and third-party feedlots and livestock exporters; real estate agency and
property management services; agency services for the sale of greasy wool; brokering services for wool
growers; and grain marketing services. Elders Limited was founded in 1839 and is headquartered in Adelaide,
Australia.
Genus plc
Genus plc, together with its subsidiaries, engages in the application of quantitative genetics and biotechnology
for animal breeding in the porcine and bovine sectors. The company sells sows, boars, and semen under the
PIC name to breed pigs with various characteristics for pork production. It also sells bull semen and embryos
that are delivered through artificial insemination to breed diary and beef cattle with various characteristics for
milk and beef production under the ABS name, as well as provides various in vitro fertilization services under the
IVB name. Genus plc was incorporated in 1994 and is headquartered in Basingstoke, the United Kingdom.
National Milk
Records plc
National Milk Records plc provides milk recording services in the United Kingdom and internationally. It offers
payment testing, microbiology, fatty acids profiling, and pregnancy testing services for cows.The company also
provides GeneTracker, a genomic testing service that identifies the genetic potential of the animal from a young
age. Further, the company provides management information services on individual cow’s performance in terms
of milk quality, yield, and fertility; supplies aggregate data to dairy industry bodies, including milk buyers, and
breed societies, as well as for advisors, such as vets and farm consultants; and services to the red meat
industry. The company was founded in 1943 and is headquartered in Chippenham, the United Kingdom.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 37
Appendix 2: Sources of Information Used in this Report
Appendix 2. Sources of Information Used in this Report
Other than the information sources referenced directly in the body of the report, this assessment is reliant on the
following sources of information:
▪ LIC’s Annual Reports for FY2013 - FY2017, its interim report for FY2018 and other market
announcements.
▪ LIC’s Product Disclosure Statement 2017.
▪ Draft Notice of Special Meeting in relation to the Proposal.
▪ LIC Board Papers and Minutes in relation to the Proposal.
▪ Relevant documents provided by LIC including share registry, management accounts and internal
assessments of strategic initiatives.
▪ Discussions with senior management of LIC.
▪ Various other documents that we considered necessary for the purposes of our analysis.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 38
Appendix 3: Declarations, Qualifications and Consents
Appendix 3. Declarations, Qualifications and Consents
Declarations
This report is dated 9 February 2018 and has been prepared by Northington Partners at the request of the
independent directors of LIC for the benefit for its shareholders in relation to the Proposal. This report, or any part
of it, should not be reproduced or used for any other purpose. Northington Partners specifically disclaims any
obligation or liability to any party whatsoever in the event that this report is supplied or applied for any purpose
other than that for which it is intended.
Prior drafts of this report were provided to LIC for review and discussion. Although minor factual changes to the
report were made after the release of the first draft, there were no changes to our methodology, analysis, or
conclusions.
This report is provided for the benefit of all of the shareholders of LIC that are being asked to consider the Proposal,
and Northington Partners consents to the distribution of this report to those people.
Our engagement terms did not contain any term which materially restricted the scope of our work.
Qualifications
Northington Partners provides an independent corporate advisory service to companies operating throughout New
Zealand. The company specialises in mergers and acquisitions, capital raising support, expert opinions, financial
instrument valuations, and business and share valuations. Northington Partners is retained by a mix of publicly
listed companies, substantial privately held companies, and state owned enterprises.
The individuals responsible for preparing this report are Greg Anderson B.Com, M.Com (Hons) and Ph.D and
Jonathan Burke B.Com (Hons), BCM. Each individual has a wealth of experience in providing independent advice
to clients relating to the value of business assets and equity instruments, as well as the choice of appropriate
financial structures and governance issues.
Northington Partners has been responsible for the preparation of numerous independent reports in relation to
takeovers, mergers, and a range of other transactions subject to the Takeovers Code and NZX Listing Rules.
Independence
Northington Partners has not been previously engaged on any matter by LIC or (to the best of our knowledge) by
any other party to the Proposal that could affect our independence. None of the Directors or employees of
Northington Partners have any other relationship with any of the directors or substantial security holders of the
parties involved in the Proposal.
The preparation of this independent report will be Northington Partners’ only involvement in relation to the Proposal.
Northington Partners will be paid a fixed fee for its services which is in no way contingent on the outcome of our
analysis or the content of our report.
Northington Partners does not have any conflict of interest that could affect its ability to provide an unbiased report.
Disclaimer and Restrictions on the Scope of Our Work
In preparing this report, Northington Partners has relied on information provided by LIC. Northington Partners has
not performed anything in the nature of an audit of that information, and does not express any opinion on the
reliability, accuracy, or completeness of the information provided to us and upon which we have relied.
Northington Partners has used the provided information on the basis that it is true and accurate in material respects
and not misleading by reason of omission or otherwise. Accordingly, neither Northington Partners nor its directors,
employees or agents, accept any responsibility or liability for any such information being inaccurate, incomplete,
unreliable or not soundly based or for any errors in the analysis, statements and opinions provided in this report
resulting directly or indirectly from any such circumstances or from any assumptions upon which this report is based
proving unjustified.
We reserve the right, but will be under no obligation, to review or amend our report if any additional information
which was in existence on the date of this report was not brought to our attention, or subsequently comes to light.
Livestock Improvement Corporation – Independent Appraisal Report Page | 39
Appendix 3: Declarations, Qualifications and Consents
Indemnity
LIC has agreed to indemnify Northington Partners (to the maximum extent permitted by law) for all claims,
proceedings, damages, losses (including consequential losses), fines, penalties, costs, charges and expenses
(including legal fees and disbursements) suffered or incurred by Northington Partners in relation to the preparation
of this report, except to the extent resulting from any act or omission of Northington Partners finally determined by a
New Zealand Court of competent jurisdiction to constitute negligence or bad faith by Northington Partners.
LIC has also agreed to promptly fund Northington Partners for its reasonable costs and expenses (including legal
fees and expenses) in dealing with such claims or proceedings upon presentation by Northington Partners of the
relevant invoices.
Data sourced from publicly available filings. Our datasets may not be complete. Automated analysis can produce errors. If you believe any data on this page is incorrect, please contact us at hello@nzxplorer.co.nz. For informational purposes only. Not investment advice.